Oral Cavity Of Children Research Articles

Chronic malnutrition and oral health status in children aged 1 to 5 years: An observational study.

To evaluate the effect of chronic malnutrition on the oral health of children aged 1 to 5 years.An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted and involved 82 children (12–71 months of age). Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric indicators and oral health status/caries prevalence was measured. Non-stimulated saliva was collected and flow rate and buffering capacity was measured.The mean dmft index was 1.38 for the adequately nourished children, 3.04 for those with mild malnutrition, 2.5 for those with moderate malnutrition and 2.4 for those with severe malnutrition. 69 of the 82 children had low to very low buffering capacity. No significant differences among the groups were found between malnutrition and age, buffering capacity or the dmft index (P > .05). However, significant differences in salivary flow were found among the different malnutrition categories (P < .05). Spearman correlation coefficient revealed a weak negative correlation between nutrition and salivary flow (r = −0.267).Malnutrition exerts a negative impact on the oral cavity of children and a reduction in salivary flow rate was observed with the increase in malnutrition. Diagnosing the effects of malnutrition in oral environment of children is important because it could improve the quality of life and give them an adequate treatment.

Efficacy of green tea and its extract, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, in the reduction of cariogenic microbiota in children: a randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of green tea and its extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a mouthwash in children. DesignThe study group included 47 children aged 5-12 years at high caries risk and prevalence. Children selected were asked to rinse with one of the substances (EGCG, green tea, chlorhexidine and distilled water) for one min. A non-stimulated salivary sample (2 mL) was collected at baseline and after rinsing. The concentration of cariogenic microorganisms (mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) was determined before and after rinsing based on the count of colony-forming units (CFU). CFU were counted with the aid of a stereomicroscope through the perfunctory identification of the morphological characteristics of CFU. The microbial reduction percentage was then calculated. ResultsThe analysis of the effectiveness of the treatments showed that there was a significant reduction in relation to the values obtained before and after the mouthwash, both for mutans streptococci (pCHX = 0.001; pEGCG = 0.001; pGreen Tea = 0.005; pDistilled Water = 0.018) and lactobacilli (pCHX = 0.001; pEGCG = 0.002; pGreen Tea = 0.008; pDistilled Water = 0.033). The percentage of microbial reduction of both cariogenic microorganisms caused by the EGCG solution was higher than green tea and distilled water, but less than CHX. The percentage of microbial reduction by the EGCG solution for mutans streptococci was 79.9%, green tea 68.3%, distilled water 50.6% and CHX 95.5%. For lactobacilli, the percentage reduction of all solutions was relatively lower when compared to mutans streptococci. For the EGCG solution it was 72.09%, followed by green tea 59.17% and distilled water 41.96%, but less than CHX 86.02%. ConclusionRinsing with EGCG solution reduced the levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in the oral cavity of children. Although EGCG had better antimicrobial activity than green tea, this study supports the effectiveness of both as an antibacterial mouthwash option. Both EGCG and green tea could be used as alternatives to chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes.

Aspectos clínicos da cavidade oral de pacientes com a síndrome congênita do zika: revisão da literatura

RESUMO: O vírus Zika pertence a família Flaviviridae, gênero Flavivírus e foi descoberto em 1947 nos macacos rhésus, na floresta Zika em Uganda na África, daí a origem do nome Zika. Inicialmente apresentava os mesmos sintomas febris da dengue. Teve seu primeiro relato em humanos em 1960 ainda na África. Na década de 1970 o vírus se espalhou e chegou a Indonésia, India, Paquistão e Malásia. Seu principal vetor no Brasil é o mosquito Aedes aegypti. Entre o final de 2014 e início de 2015, surgiu um surto de uma doença exantemática clinicamente diferente da dengue. A confirmação da presença do vírus Zika no Brasil ocorreu em março de 2015. Coincidentemente em agosto do mesmo ano começaram a nascer crianças com microcefalia neonatal no estado de Pernambuco e em outros estados do Nordeste brasileiro. Diante desse surto desconhecido de microcefalia, o Ministério da Saúde declarou emergência nacional. Logo após, foi estabelecida uma relação causal entre o vírus Zika e a série de alterações congênitas que posteriormente foi denominada Síndrome Congênita do Zika. Em aproximadamente 90% dos casos, a microcefalia está associada a alterações neurológicas. O presente estudo teve como ênfase a seguinte questão norteadora: Existem alterações clínicas orais em pacientes acometido pela Síndrome Congênita do Zika? Tendo como objetivo relatar os aspectos clínicos da cavidade oral em pacientes com a Síndrome Congênita do Zika, através de um levantamento bibliográfico. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, realizada em publicações feitas a partir de 2014, utilizando as plataformas de pesquisa PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, BVS e Google Acadêmico. Esses resultados apontam que podem existir alterações na cavidade oral em crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika, demonstrando que os efeitos causados pelo vírus Zika estão além dos danos neurológicos. Por se tratar de uma Síndrome recém-descoberta, os dados referentes aos achados clínicos orais em crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika são poucos e ainda precisam ser mais pesquisados. Sugerimos que sejam feitos estudos com exames complementares pra reforçar e até aumentar os achados clínicos das crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika.&#x0D; PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Microcefalia, Zika Vírus, Saúde Bucal.

Патогенетическое обоснование применения иммунотерапии в лечении рекуррентных ко-инфекций верхних дыхательных путей у детей с врожденными расщелинами губы и нёба

The synergism of the action of co-infecting microorganisms contributes to their overcoming the epithelial barrier, modification of the function of cells of the immune system (IS) and evading the immune response. In children with congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP), despite elimination of the anatomical defect at an earlier age, the frequency of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract and oral cavity involving pathogen associations increases as they get older, at the same time defects in the functioning of IS are preserved. Objective. To develop immunotherapy program for children with CCLP, suffering from recurrent co-infections of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, based on the study of the dynamics of the microbial landscape transformation, IS dysfunction, clinical manifestations of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity in children with CCLP at different ages. Patients and methods. The study included 120 children from 1 to 12 years of age with CCLP at different stages of surgical treatment. The study was carried out: T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells (FC500 "Beckman Coulter", USA), phagocytic and microbicidal functions of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG), serum IgA, IgM, IgG and sIgA levels in the oral fluid (ELISA), detection of microbial pathogens (microbiological analysis, ELISA) and viral (PCR). Results. Comprehensive examination of children with CCLP at different age periods, including characteristics of the clinical manifestations of infectious and inflammatory diseases, assessment of the microbial landscape of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract with the identification of co-infection features, clarification of the variants of IS dysfunction, made it possible to reveal children with the most severe clinical manifestations of recurrent co-infections and to optimize treatment. Conclusion. The developed program of combined local interferon and systemic immunotherapy for immunocompromised children with CCLP contributes to the restoration of IS functions, anti-infective resistance and achievement of positive clinical effects in the form of regression of clinical signs of immunocompromise in patients with recurrent co-infections, which allows to obtain a protective effect and provide timely surgical care, to avoid complications in the postoperative period and at the stage of recovery, and by improving anti-infective immunity to enhance the quality of life of children with CCLP. Key words: children, congenital cleft lip and palate, co-infection, systemic immunity, microbiocenosis, immunotherapy

The Influence of Diffuse Nontoxic Goiter on the State of Protective Mechanisms of the Oral Cavity in Children.

Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the tissues of the oral cavity is characterized by cellular and humoral factors of specific and nonspecific resistance, the functioning of which is determined by the overall somatic state.This study aimed to study the features of protective mechanisms of the oral cavity due to orthodontic pathology, pathology of periodontal tissues, and odontogenic inflammatory process in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter.Eighty children with diffuse nontoxic goiter aged 12-15 years with different dental status were examined. Evaluation of local immunity of the oral cavity was carried out by determining the content of sIgA, IgA, IgG, lysozyme activity, and levels of IL-1β, IL-4 by enzyme immunoassay.Immunological studies have shown that in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter, the activity of lysozyme in the oral fluid is decreased. The level of sIgА is also reduced by about 20%. Besides, there is an increase in the content of IgG and a growing trend in the level of IgА. The content of IL-1β and IL-4 in such children fluctuates more compared to somatically healthy children.In conclusion, a violation of the local protective mechanisms of the oral cavity is observed in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter. Also, the increase in the severity of dental pathology leads to increased tension of local protective and compensatory reactions.

The study of the prevalence of anomalies of the dentition in the bukhara region, their early diagnosis and treatment

The study of the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations, and the effectiveness of their treatment is an urgent problem, since it allows you to determine the need of the population for therapeutic and preventive orthodontic measures, calculate the necessary amount of orthodontic care, and determine the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures (Sablina G.I, Kovtonyuk P.A., 2004). The exclusion of orthodontic care from dental care for children and adolescents and its transfer to the category of paid medical services has led to a sharp reduction in orthodontists working in children's dental institutions, and preventive work is not carried out among the children's team to prevent dentition. Over the past decades, many new methods and treatment tools have appeared in domestic orthodontics, allowing the orthodontist to carry out the necessary medical and preventive measures at the early stages of the formation of pathology. An algorithm will be developed for the treatment of patients with occlusion anomalies during the period of constant occlusion with the use of anthropometric measurements and an articulator at the final stage, which will increase the effectiveness of the treatment and achieve stable long-term results. A standardized examination of children with anomalies of the dentition will be carried out using the example of the Bukhara region. A comparison will be made of indicators of soft tissues of the oral cavity in children with abnormalities of the dentofacial system and a negative effect of occlusion pathology on the condition of the oral mucosa will be established.

The role of dental education of 7–8 year’s children in the complex of preventive measures

The article is devoted to the study of the intensity, prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene indices among younger schoolchildren, against the background of a complex of preventive measures and dental education, which was carried out on an individual and group level in the conditions of a school dental office, and health lessons in classes. The dental study involved 106 primary schoolchildren, including 54 boys (51%) and 52 girls (49%) aged 7–8 years, who were examined on the basis of the dental office of the school №176 of Nizhny Novgorod. The children were divided into 2 groups: 1 – prevention group and 2 – control group. In 1 group of children every three months during the year we carried out professional oral hygiene, then treatment of all teeth with a deep fluoridation and training in the standard method of brushing teeth on models in a dental office. In addition, for children of group 1, we organized health lessons with training in the standard method of brushing teeth in the classroom, the use of additional hygiene products for the oral cavity in children of this age and the demonstration of a cartoon about dental caries. In the control group a set of preventive measures was also carried out in the form of professional oral hygiene and application of all teeth with the drug Gluftored, training in the standard method of brushing teeth on models every three months during the year, but dental education in the form of health lessons in the classroom was not. According to the clinical examination of 7–8 year’s children, it was revealed that during regular preventive measures and dental education among younger schoolchildren, the development of caries for permanent teeth is not observed, oral hygiene is improved, and dental health is rising.

Antifungal drugs resistance profiles of C. albicans strains isolated from the oral cavity of children and adolescents

Antifungal drugs resistance profiles of C. albicans strains isolated from the oral cavity of children and adolescents

CORRELATION RELATIONS OF CARISES AND SOCIO-HYGIENIC FACTORS

There is a demand in statistical processing of questionnaire data and objective screening of children with the usage of correlation analysis as well as interview with parents in order to increase their awareness about caries prevention and lifestyle. The emergence of caries in children 7-12 years of age is influenced by socio-hygienic factors. During the interview with parents, the effect of a combination of factors was found (i.e. avoiding referring to a dentist for the purpose of prevention or professional hygiene, neglecting the additional hygienic tools and methods and low awareness about them, regularity and balance of nutrition, lack of awareness concerning etiology of caries appearance, referring to a dentist only in case of toothache, anxiety during a visit to a dentist. Interview with children showed the impact of a combination of factors on the occurrence of caries. Among them are evasion of referring to a dentist for the purpose of prevention, lack of awareness concerning etiology of caries appearance, referring to a dentist only in case of toothache, anxiety during a visit to a dentist, low awareness concerning additional hygienic tools and methods. The combined effect of parental awareness and habits on the development of caries in children is much higher than the effect of the respective peculiarities of children. Thus, the analysis of caries appearance factors in children aged 7-12 years reveals the existence of close relationships between the alimentary, behavioral habits of parents and the appropriate habits of children and the development of pathological changes in the oral cavity of children which leads to the propagation of carious lesions. This requires improvement of preventive work with parents aimed at formation of healthy lifestyle habits and oral health care in order to prevent pathology of oral cavity and masticatory apparatus.

Is there an association between prenatal oral healthcare and early childhood caries prevention?

Data sources Database searches included Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov.Study selection This review included studies that assessed the impact of pre-natal oral health care on early childhood caries experience and/or oral carriage of S. mutans. The review included case control studies, retrospective or prospective cohort studies, randomised or non-randomised controlled trials. In vitro studies, animal studies, literature reviews, cross sectional studies and literature reviews were excluded.Data extraction and synthesis Two calibrated and independent reviewers screened the literature using a data extraction form based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A PRISMA flow diagram is presented showing the process of reviewing the literature. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomised Trials and an adapted version of the Downs and Black score were used to assess the quality of the included studies. A qualitative synthesis of five included studies is presented. A Forest Plot then presents quantitative data from four of the studies. A meta analysis did not take place. A generalised linear mixed effects model was applied to results from four of the studies.Results Five studies were included in the qualitative syntheses, three of the studies were randomised controlled trials, one was a prospective cohort study and one was a nested case-control in a cohort study. Two of the studies were assessed as high quality with three assessed as moderate quality. Odds ratios of children experiencing early childhood caries are reported for four studies demonstrating a reduced risk of early childhood caries in intervention groups compared to controls. A generalised linear mixed effects model using combined results from the four studies shows a reduced risk of developing early childhood caries in children up to the age of three years old whose mothers receive pre natal oral care. Above age three years the results of the modelling become non-significant. Based on the results of two studies the authors report a reduction in levels of S. mutans in the oral cavity of children whose mother had prenatal oral care.Conclusions The authors conclude that prenatal oral healthcare has a positive effect on incidence of early childhood caries and S. mutans carriage in children.

MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN WITH UNREPAIRED OROFACIAL CLEFT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: The anatomical defect of the oral cavity in children with orofacial clefts presents them with feeding challenges which increase their risk of becoming malnourished. The objective of this review was to investigate the extent of malnutrition among children under 5 years with unrepaired cleft of the lip and/ or palate. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of published articles that assessed malnutrition in children with unrepaired cleft lip and/or palate was conducted. Pubmed Central, Cochrane library, Pubmed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar databases were searched. Result: A total of 4,489 papers were found of which 8 were included in the review after meeting the inclusion criteria. Malnutrition was found to be higher in isolated cleft palate and cleft lip and palate infants than in isolated cleft lip infants who had nutritional status close to that of non-cleft infants. Syndromic cleft infants were highly malnourished compared to non-syndromic infants. Weight-for-age was the most assessed anthropometric indicator of nutritional status. Average prevalence of underweight (low weight-for-age) was 21.5%. Conclusion: Malnutrition is high especially within the first year of life in infants with unrepaired cleft lip and/or palate. Keywords: Cleft lip and palate, malnutrition, growth impairment, failure to thrive

The effect of aloe vera and tea tree oil mouthwashes on the oral health of school children.

To evaluate the effect of two herbal mouthwashes containing aloe vera and tea tree oil, on the oral health of school children. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective interventional study was conducted in school children aged 8-14years. The study participants were divided into four groups depending upon the mouthwash used: Group 1 (aloe vera), Group 2 (chlorhexidine), Group 3 (tea tree oil) and Group 4 (placebo). The variables studied included plaque index, gingival index and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts, which were recorded at baseline, 4weeks after supervised mouth rinse and after 2weeks of stopping the mouth rinse. A total of 89 boys and 63 girls were included. A statistically significant decrease in all variables was noted after the use of both the herbal preparations at the end of 4weeks which was maintained after the 2-week washout period (p < 0.001). The difference in variables between groups using aloe vera, Tea tree oil and chlorhexidine, was not statistically significant. The use of aloe vera and tea tree oil mouthwashes can decrease plaque, gingivitis and S. mutans in the oral cavity in children. The activity of these two agents is comparable to that of chlorhexidine.

Unusual foreign object in a tooth: A case report and review of literature.

Foreign body impactions in the tooth are common findings in the oral cavity of children because of their frequent habits of placing various objects in their mouth. The present case describes an 11-year-old boy with a foreign object in the maxillary left first molar tooth of which he was unaware. Foreign objects can not only be a source of infection but also be aspirated or ingested by the child.The discovery of foreign objects in the teeth is usually accidental. A detailed case history, consisting of a history of the ordinary placement of the object and clinical and radiographic examinations is necessary to determine the nature, size, and location of the foreign body, as well as the difficulty involved in its retrieval. The foreign object may sometimes fracture inside the tooth during exploration by the parent or child. Such an object may act as a potential source of infection and lead to complications.

IMPACT OF POLYCHEMOTHERAPY ON THE ORAL SOFT TISSUES IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT ABDOMINAL TUMORS

Introduction: According to modern standards of treatment of malignant neoplasms conducting polychemotherapy requires up to 90% of cancer patients. However, in addition to the expected cytotoxic effects, it is accompanied by disorders in dental health in the vast majority of patients. The aim: To study the effect of cytostatics on soft tissues of the oral cavity in children with malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity. Materials and methods: Material for writing this scientific work served as a synthesis of results for 25 people aged 7 to 15 years with malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity, in which a comprehensive oral examination was performed to determine the manifestations of dental toxicity cytostatics. Results: At the end of the first course of chemotherapy, all patients had dry redness of the lips, 20 - (80,0%) with eruptions, in 18 - (20,0%) erosion. The Green-Vermillion, PMA, and PBI indices grew by 1,8; 7 and 3,3 times respectively. In cytograms with buccal epithelium an increase in the number of cells of polymorphic sizes and forms with signs of gidropic dystrophy was found. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio decreased by 1,4 times compared with the primary examination. Conclusions: This situation creates the preconditions for the development of inflammatory process in the tissues of the oral cavity and requires the use in this category of patients of a substantiated pathogenetic correction of existing disorders.

Changes in micro flora and Non-Specific factors protection of the oral cavity in children with inflammatory diseases maxillofacial area

Changes in micro flora and Non-Specific factors protection of the oral cavity in children with inflammatory diseases maxillofacial area

Chronic nail biting, orthodontic treatment and Enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity.

BackgroundChronic nail biting is common in children and young adults. Auto inoculation of environmental pathogens can manifest as infection in distant organs. Multi-drug resistance gram negative bacteria are on the rise globally. Several of the foodborne bacteria fall within the Enterobacteriaceae family but very few studies have explored these microbes in the oral cavity of children with chronic nail-biting habit or orthodontic treatment. The study aims to investigate oral load of Enterobacteriaceae in children with chronic nail-biting habit and or those undergoing orthodontic treatment.Material and Methods150 children (no nail-biting n=30, nail biting n=60, fixed orthodontic treatment n =30 and a combination of fixed orthodontic appliance use and nail-biting habit n =30) were assessed for culture based microbiological investigation. The concentrated oral rinse technique was used. The rinse was inoculated in MacConkey’s and Blood Agar. The gram stained culture was subjected to biochemical tests for sub-species identification using Biomerieux Vitek 2 Compact Automated Microbiological Analyzer. Fisher’s exact and Kruskal Wallis with post hoc analysis using Dunn method was performed to test association and difference between groups.ResultsEnterobacteriaceae was positive for 72% of the children. Of them, nail biting or orthodontic treatment group comprised 89%. Those with a combination of nail biting and undergoing orthodontic treatment exhibited highest CFU/ml and those without nail biting or orthodontic treatment exhibited the lowest. Three of the four organisms isolated tested positive in the orthodontic treatment group. E. coli was positive in 38% of the children while Klebsiella and E. cloacae were isolated exclusively in the orthodontic treatment group.ConclusionsChronic nail biting or the use of fixed orthodontic appliances is associated with higher incidence of Enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity. Oral health professionals play an important role in preventing multi drug resistance infectious diseases. Key words:Enterobacteriaceae, nail-biting, Onychophagia, orthodontic treatment.

ORAL HYGIENE IN CHILDREN WITH MALOCCLUSIONS

The data of numerous studies show that there is a direct correla-tion between malocclusions and dental caries, periodontal dis-eases, poor oral hygiene, which is manifested by symptoms of mutual complication. The presence of orthodontic pathology (crowding of teeth, anomalies of the position of individual teeth, distal and deep bite) causes accumulation of dental plaque. Spe-cial attention in this aspect deserve children with malocclusions from boarding schools, as many of them are deprived of paren-tal attention, the opportunity to be “grafted” family culture atti-tude to their own health through hygienic oral care.The aim of our study is to detect the level of hygienic state of the oral cavity in children from boarding schools.Material and methods. Evaluation of the hygienic state of the oral cavity was carried out in 444 children of boarding schools with malocclusions using the Green – Vermillion hygienic index.The results of the study. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the average value of the Green-Vermilion index in the ex-amined children is 1.93±0.06 points, which corresponds to a poor level of hygiene. There were established some differences in the value of the index depending on the age of children. Thus, of 7 year-old children, its value was 1.99±0.07 points and up to 9 years of age it increases to 2.09±0.06 points, which indicates deterioration in the oral hygiene. In children of 12 years, the average value of this index is 1.91±0.08 points. It should be not-ed that the lowest index value was recorded in the group of 15-year-old children – 1.72±0.06 points.We decided to find out how the level of oral hygiene differs in the children of boarding schools with malocclusions depending on their residence. It was established that the worst oral hygiene was found in children of the boarding school of Sambir (premountain area). Thus, a poor level of hygiene was found in children 7 years old (2.44±0.06 points) and 15 years old (2.41±0.08 points). The rest children had a very bad level of hy-giene: 9-year-old and 12-year-old children - 2.71±0.03 points and 2.54±0.07 points, respectively. The children of boarding schools in Lviv and in Zhovtantsy (flat region) of all age groups had poorly care for the oral cavity. At the same time, it was found that the highest level of oral hygiene was in children of Strilki (mountainous region) (1.34±0.08 points) in comparison with other localities, which is explained by the quality educa-tional work of the children's dentist working in this educational institution. We also analyzed the effect of the presence of maloc-clusions on the state of oral hygiene in the examined children. It has been established that in all age groups the presence of or-thodontic pathology significantly affects the state of oral hy-giene. A detailed analysis showed that in 7-year-old children with malocclusions oral hygiene was poor (2.22±0.06 points), and in children without malocclusions - satisfactory (1.69±0.07 points). We also analyzed the indicators of the Green-Vermilion index in children with different types of malocclusions. The highest index values were found in children with anomalies of occlusion – 2.59±0.01 points. The average indexes in children with anomalies of dental arches were significantly lower: 2.38±0.03 points, which also correspond to poor oral hygiene. At the border of satisfactory and poor hygiene, the average val-ues of the index in children with anomalies of individual teeth were 1.89±0.01 points. Thus, the effect of the presence of malocclusions on the level of oral hygiene has been statistically confirmed. A difference was also found in the indicators of oral hygiene in children, depend-ing on the region of examination. With age, the motivation for caring for the oral cavity improves, which is manifested in im-proved hygiene. Also found a relationship between the presence of a dentist in boarding schools and compliance with the rules of oral hygiene, which indicates the role of the dentist in educating children in schools, especially boarding schools.

Streptococcus Colonial Growth of Dental Plaque Inhibition Using Flavonoid Extract of Ants Nest (Myrmecodia pendans): An in Vitro Study

Objective: To know the activity of resistance of flavonoid content in ant nest plant in decreasing the number of colonies S. mutans oral cavity of children as a medic herbal material. Material and Methods: The subjects were plaque sample of 20 children aged 7-12 years. Research begins by making toothpaste from ant nest extract. Samples of children's dental plaque were inserted into BHIB media, after which incubated for 24 hours, 1/10 dilution with BHIB media three times, followed by TYC media planting and incubation of anaerob with temperature 37 0 C for 48 hours. After that then count the number of colonies of S. mutans. Results: On ethyl acetate extract of ant nest incubated at room temperature with concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% obtained a decrease from each treatment amount of Streptococcus mutans colony on TYC media with median value of each treatment was 89, 67, 64, 61, 59 and 51 for the ethyl acetate fraction, and 62, 61, 60, 59, 49 at the ethanol fraction. There was no significant difference between the six concentration groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Flavonoids extract of ant nest plants have growth barrier on Streptococcus mutans bacteria, the greater the concentration given the greater the number of S. mutans colony.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF THE ORAL LIQUID OF CHILDREN WITH DIFFUSIVE NON-TOXIC DAMAGE

Introduction. Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of oral tissue sisrealized through cellular and humoral factors of specific and nonspecific resistance, the functioning of which is determined by the over all somatic state of the child's body.Aim of study. Study the features of local defense mechanisms of the oral cavity in the pathology of periodontal tissues and the odontogenic inflammatory processin children with diffuse non-toxic goiter.Materials and methods. 65 children with a diffuse non toxic goiter aged 12-15 years with different dental status were examined: healthy; patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis; patients with odontogen icinflammatory processes. Control group sconsisted of somatically healthy children with similar dental diseases of the same age. Local oral immunity was evaluated by determining the content of sIgA, IgA, IgG by simple radial diffusion in agar according to G. Manchini (1963) using monospecific standard antisera against the immunoglobulin classes studied, lysozymeactivityby G. Gorin (1971) in modification A. P. Levitskyand A.A. Zhiginoi (1974) and levels of IL-1β, IL-4 bythe method of enzyme immunoassay.Results. Immunological studies have shown that in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter, a decrease in lysozyme activity in the oral fluid is observed both in the studied dental pathology and in healthy oral tissues. The level of sIgA also decreases by about 20%. There is an increase in the IgG content and a tendency toward an increase in the IgA level, which indicates an increase in the local immunity of the oral cavity in children with diffuse non-toxic goiter. The content of IL-1β and IL-4 in these children varies more than in somatically healthy children.Conclusion. 1. In children with diffuse non toxic goiter, there is a violation of local oral defense mechanisms, which are characterized by a decrease in sIgA, an increase in IgA and IgG, a decrease in lysozyme activity and an imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. 2. An increase in the severity of dental pathology leads to an increase in the tension of local defense-compensatory reactions.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Olive Oil Extract on Oral Microflora

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Extra virgin olive oil extract as mouthwash in the oral cavity of children against streptococcus mutans and Compare the efficiency between olive oil and the “gold standard” chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Egyptian children from both sex were included in this study. Children age ranging from 6 to 12 years old in a good physical condition. Children randomly were distributed into two Groups A and B, each includes of 30 children in each group. Group A(study group) : olive oil(Extra vigin): consisted of thirty children, each participant was instructed to rinse with 2ml of olive oil extract twice a day each rinse for about 1 minute for 3 weeks. Group B (Control group): chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.2%): consisted of thirty children, each participant was instructed to rinse with 2ml of chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.2%) twice a day each rinse for about 1 minute for 3 weeks. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean Streptococcus mutans count in the 2 groups after the study. Conclusion:olive oils can be used as valuable preventive agents in maintaining and improving oral health in low socioeconomic status population.