Northern Parana State Research Articles

A conformação das cidades novas planejadas no Brasil do século vinte

Este artigo analisa as cidades criadas nas frentes pioneiras de colonização agrícola no Brasil do século XX. Como múltiplo estudo de caso, em perspectiva comparativa, são analisados os empreendimentos privados de colonização do norte do Paraná e do norte do Mato Grosso, além da iniciativa estatal na Amazônia, que criaram conjuntos de novas cidades no período entre os anos 1930 e 1970. Apoiada em extensa bibliografia, a análise considera a concretização de ideias urbanísticas em circulação global, as formas urbanas produzidas e seu contexto cultural. Como resultado o trabalho reconhece a transformação física do território atrelada à noção de desenvolvimento das políticas governamentais vigentes; o trabalho remoto dos projetistas das novas cidades como produto de experiências metropolitanas; a adaptação seletiva, a transformação e o hibridismo das ideias urbanísticas incorporadas; o planejamento regional tributário do ideário cidade jardim, com estrutura urbana hierarquizada e configuração de regiões urbanas; a arte urbana como preceito para os projetos desenvolvidos majoritariamente por engenheiros na primeira metade do século em contrapartida à hegemonia da cidade funcional dos arquitetos no período posterior; e, por fim, a prevalência da grelha como padrão de traçado urbano.

BIG TREES, BIG FALL: LARGE-DIAMETER TREES AND THE FATE OF CARBON STOCKS IN ATLANTIC FOREST REMNANTS

Large trees ( i.e . ≥ 50 cm diameter) are known for being more susceptible to stress, and its decline in fragmented forests have been reported as an important cause of carbon loss associated with forest degradation. In this paper, we investigate along edge-interior gradients (0-250 m) the distribution, biomass and health indicators (trunk and branch breaks, partial crown death, fungi infection, termites and liana infestation) of live and standing dead Large Trees (LTs; diameter ≥ 50 cm), in five seasonal Atlantic Forests (34 to 690 ha) of northern Parana state, Brazil. We sampled 118 live LTs in the five forest fragments, where aboveground biomass (AGB) ranged from 22 to 78 Mg/ha, living tree abundance ranged from 8 to 25.6 trees/ha, and standing dead trees ranged from 1 to 4 trees/ha. Larger forest fragments presented more living LTs, which were healthier and contain more biomass than LTs in small forest fragments. We found that edge effects were stronger than size effects for standing dead LT abundance; we found more dead trees up to 200 m from forest edge, independently of fragment size. Almost all living LTs had some health problem. The most frequent health problems were partial crown death, liana and termite infestation. Results suggests also that hard-wooded, slow-growing species tend to be replaced by soft-wooded, gap specialist species, coupled with an overall decline in LT density in small forest fragments, as well as in forests that suffered logging. Long-term prospects for these big carbon stocks are not encouraging, and given the low abundance of LTs in more degraded sites, strategies of intervention in large, century-old individual trees should be considered, such as liana infestation control and edge effect mitigation, in order to avoid further biodiversity and carbon losses.

Mamíferos silvestres predados por cães domésticos em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil

O impacto de espécies exóticas sobre a fauna nativa está entre as maiores ameaças à biodiversidade global. O cão doméstico é considerado invasor quando acessa áreas naturais, podendo sobreviver independentemente da intervenção humana. No Brasil há poucos estudos com informações sobre o impacto da predação ou caça de cães sobre a fauna silvestre. Relatamos cinco eventos de predação de mamíferos silvestres por cães domésticos em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica na região norte do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Entre junho e setembro de 2018, espécimes de Didelphis albiventris (gambá-de-orelha-branca), Dasypus novemcinctus (tatu-galinha), Sapajus nigritus (macaco-prego) e Eira barbara (irara) foram abatidos por cão doméstico tanto em fragmentos de área urbana quanto de rural. Cães domésticos oferecem riscos à fauna silvestre inclusive àquelas espécies ameaçadas de extinção, sendo de extrema urgência ações diversificadas para eliminar e reduzir o acesso desses animais a fragmentos florestais. Nossos dados são um indicativo do impacto de cães domésticos sobre a fauna silvestre da Mata Atlântica no norte do estado do Paraná e podem dar suporte para medidas de controle, contenção e erradicação, obtendo-se assim a mitigação do impacto dos cães domésticos.

‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees on five rootstocks in Northern Parana state, Brazil

Abstract Studies on rootstocks and scions are of major importance for citrus crop production. The goal of this study was to evaluate vegetative growth, yield performance, and fruit quality of ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees grafted on five different rootstocks in Northern Parana state, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with six replications, two plants per plot, and five treatments: ‘Rangpur’ lime; ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin, ‘Sunki’ mandarin; ‘Swingle’ citrumelo; and ‘Fepagro C-13’ citrange. Tree vegetative growth, yield performance, and fruit physical-chemical characteristics were analyzed. ‘Sunki’ mandarin provided the largest canopy volume for ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees, whereas ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘Fepagro C-13’ citrange, and ‘Rangpur’ lime provided a smaller volume for tree canopy. Compared to Rangpur lime, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo provided higher accumulated yield and production efficiency for ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees. All rootstocks induced good physical and chemical quality to ‘Navelina’ sweet orange fruits.

Medicalização da aprendizagem e resiliência: significações produzidas na escola

This paper broaches the promotion of resilience by analyzing significations developed within the context of students diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using the medicine methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin or Concerta) The Bio-ecological model of Human Development was adopted as a theoretical-methodological contribution. The research followed the qualitative approach of descriptive-interpretative nature comprising 40 people, namely: health staff (1 neuropediatrician, 1 psychologist); education staff (5 pedagogues, 11 teachers); 10 students and 12 family members. The data were collected by means of interview within a context including six county schools in a Northern Parana State town. The results pointed out the need to rethink the current assessment practices and showed that the diagnostic process is defined both by risk factors and protection, which affect the school learning process. The data allowed us of conclude that the promotion of resilience, under that circumstance, may result in the establishment of affective support networks provided to family members and students using that medicine. Such a context would result in conditions more favorable to link the student to the school and positive changes in the school learning process of students diagnosed with ADHD.

Seasonal progression of leaf rust in ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine in a biannual crop system in Brazil

Grapevine leaf rust, which is caused by the fungus Phakopsora euvitis, is an important late-season disease of ‘Niagara Rosada’ (Vitis labrusca) grapevine in Brazil. The early defoliation of plants caused by the disease impairs fruit ripening and reduces marketable yield. In a study carried out in northern Parana State, the temporal progression of grapevine leaf rust was quantified in a production system of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine with two growing seasons per year: mid-summer-autumn and late winter-spring. The influence of weather-related variables on rust progression was examined through correlation analyses. It was observed that the rust was more severe in summer-autumn than in winter-spring. Significant positive linear correlations (P ≤ 0.05) were found between rust severity and rainfall (r ≥ 0.90) and average daily hours of leaf wetness (r ≥ 0.82). In addition, negative correlation was found between rust severity and temperature (r ≥ −0.84) in the mid-summer/autumn season. Mild temperatures in autumn were considered decisive for rust progression. In Brazilian tropical viticulture, management strategies for grapevine leaf rust must consider the risk of rust damage in autumn caused by temperature.

A weather-based model for predicting early season inoculum build-up and spike infection by the wheat blast pathogen

Wheat blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (MoT), is a serious disease capable of causing severe losses, especially during warm and humid weather conditions. Although the pathogen attacks all aboveground parts, infection of the wheat spikes is of major concern. In this work we developed and evaluated a prediction model based on the analysis of historical epidemics and weather series in the northern Parana state, Brazil (Apucarana, Maringa and Londrina) and available epidemiological knowledge. The disease and weather datasets (hourly scale) examined encompassed the 2001–2012 period. A specific database management application (agroDb) helped to visualize and identify patterns in weather variables during two major outbreaks (2004 and 2009). Specifically, uncommonly humid and warm weather for most locations during a 60-day period preceding wheat heading during years of major outbreaks were considered key drivers of inoculum build up and airborne spores from regional inoculum sources in the surroundings. An inoculum potential (IP) and a spore cloud (SPOR) variable were estimated from models adapted from literature to predict inoculum build-up and availability. A day favoring infection (DFI) was conditioned to rules relating temperature and relative humidity for the day derived from the epidemic analysis. Successful daily infection (INF) during a DFI was conditioned to IP > 30 and SPOR >0.4. To test the model, a wheat model simulated heading date for 10 planting dates, spaced 5 days apart, within a year, totaling 320 simulations. The model described well epidemic and non-epidemics conditions for the historical dataset, and was able to correctly predict epidemic (2015) and non-epidemic (2016) years not analyzed to build the model. An interactive risk-mapping tool that collects real-time weather data was developed for the target area to warn potential outbreaks.The system can be adapted to other regions where the disease is endemic or to asses the epidemic potential in regions where the disease is not present.

Um mesmo olhar teórico influenciado pelas diferentes formas de sentir: as preferências subjetivas no desenvolvimento de sequências didáticas no PIBID de Língua Inglesa

Considering the influences exerted by the conceptions of language and text, as well as the subjective references upon the development of didactic sequences, by means of this qualitative research that generated this article, we have tried to comprehend how the subjective impressions (SILVA, 2008) of the research participants, scholarship students of the Initiation to Teaching Program (ITP) of a university from Northern Parana State, Brazil, have influenced the choice and development of the activities proposed for the tale genre in the English language. For that, we have followed the theoretical and methodological ISD concepts (BRONCKART, 2009) of didactic sequences (DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004) of the tale genre in the English language (RIOS-REGISTRO; CRISTOVAO, 2013), so in the end we could present the global text plan (BRONCKART, 2009). This allowed us to point out the content of the analyzed didactic sequences, comprehending the relation between the subjective activities and impressions materialized in the focal group (SERVO; ARAUJO, 2012) carried out with students of the Program. The results show the didactic sequences were strongly influenced by their developers' subjective preferences.

A New Anionic Bovine Tendon as Scaffold for the Repair of Bone Defects: A Morphological, Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study

1 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Al. Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisola 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil. 2 Medical School, Discipline of Human Morphophysiology, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, Sao Paulo, Brazil, R. Hygino Muzy Filho, 17525-902, Marilia, SP, Brazil. 3 Department of Basic Sciences (Anatomy), Aracatuba School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Jose Bonifacio 1193, 16015-050, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil. Anatomy, Northern Parana State University (UENP), Av. Manoel Ribas 215, 86400-970, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil. Department of Health Sciences, University of Sacred Heart, R. Irma Arminda 10-50, 17011-160, Bauru, SP, Brazil. 6 Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, 15090-000, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.

Conhecimento sobre a utilização segura de agrotóxicos por agricultores da mesorregião do Norte Central do Paraná

Pesticides are considered an important risk factor for human health and have been the subject of several studies, both for its toxicity and environmental degradation. This study aimed to diagnose the knowledge level of farmers from the Central Northern Parana State on the safe pesticides use. For this we used a questionnaire that addressed issues related to intoxication, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and knowledge about inserts and labels. We interviewed 100 farmers affiliated to cooperatives in the region. After analyzing the responses, we observed that most farmers did an incomplete use of PPE in their daily activities, or did not use it, as it was found in all cases of poisoning. The terms used in the pesticides inserts and labels are not properly understood by farmers, contributing to increased problems in the safe handling of these products. The study concludes that it is necessary to have a process of training and guidance from regulators and the companies involved, as inputs companies, cooperatives and technical assistance agencies aiming more judicious use of the products and decreasing the risks to health of rural populations and environment.

Os livros didáticos aprovados pelo PNLD: um olhar para a coleção English for all

The textbooks approved by PNLD contemplate, mostly, the guidelines required by the Program. Among the requirements, there is the need to examine in their units a large range of text genres. From the foregoing, we focused our analysis on the genres of the literary creation sphere, in order to identify the privileged ones and their form of approach. In order to achieve our goals, we chose “English for All” collection for being adopted by most public schools located in the northern Parana state region, to analyze its text organization (BRONCKART, 2009) and the synthesis of the activities presented in relation to the proposed genre according to their goals, language capacities (DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004), signification capacity (CRISTOVAO; STUTZ, 2011) literary genre relation (RIOS-REGISTRO; CRISTOVAO, 2013; RIOS-REGISTRO, 2013) and language. We conclude that, despite the existence of some genres of the literary creation sphere presented in the collection, there is still the lack of activities that make the student reflect on literary elements, contributing to the understanding of its literacy.

AGROBIODIVERSIDADE NAS COMUNIDADES GUARANI-NHANDEWA NO NORTE DO PARANÁ: MEMÓRIA E RESGATE

O manejo das variedades tradicionais de sementes entre os povos indígenas tem recebido atenção crescente nos últimos anos. Esta pesquisa analisou a agrobiodiversidade na Terra Indígena Laranjinha, habitada por índios Guarani-Nhandewa, na região Norte do Paraná. O estudo analisou aspectos da memória local sobre as diversas sementes indígenas, suas características e usos, bem como as práticas agrícolas empregadas. Foram ainda registradas as intenções dos indígenas em resgatar esta agrobiodiversidade e as principais dificuldades encontradas. A pesquisa mostra que as Feiras de Trocas de Sementes Crioulas e Tradicionais Indígenas, realizadas anualmente desde 2011, na Terra Indígena Pinhalzinho, também no Norte do Paraná, representam uma nova estratégia coletiva para o resgate e revalorização da agrobiodiversidade, pois organizam esforços até então pontuais e difusos para a localização e produção de variedades de arroz, feijão, batata doce, mandioca, milho e outros alimentos. O resgate da agrobiodiversidade fortalece a identidade cultural e contribui para a reconstrução da organização comunitária .

Using different satellite imagery and classification techniques to assess the contribution of trees outside forests in the municipality of Maringá, Brazil

Forest cover of the Maringá municipality, located in northern Parana State, was mapped in this study. Mapping was carried out by using high-resolution HRC sensor imagery and medium resolution CCD sensor imagery from the CBERS satellite. Images were georeferenced and forest vegetation patches (TOFs - trees outside forests) were classified using two methods of digital classification: reflectance-based or the digital number of each pixel, and object-oriented. The areas of each polygon were calculated, which allowed each polygon to be segregated into size classes. Thematic maps were built from the resulting polygon size classes and summary statistics generated from each size class for each area. It was found that most forest fragments in Maringá were smaller than 500 m². There was also a difference of 58.44% in the amount of vegetation between the high-resolution imagery and medium resolution imagery due to the distinct spatial resolution of the sensors. It was concluded that high-resolution geotechnology is essential to provide reliable information on urban greens and forest cover under highly human-perturbed landscapes.

Assessment of exposure of broiler chicken in Brazil to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed

The objective of the present study was to assess the degree of exposure of broiler chicken to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed and the hygienic quality of feeds. For this purpose the total fungal count and occurrence of fumonisins and aflatoxins were evaluated in four feed types intended for broilers (n = 158), collected from a poultry breeding farm in northern Parana State, Brazil. In most feed samples (94 % pre-starter, 91 % starter, 99 % grower and 97 % finisher feeds) the total mould and yeast counts were below 1.0 × 104 CFU/g, the maximum limit established to assure a good hygienic quality of the product. Fumonisins were detected in 94.9 % feed samples at mean levels ranging from 0.52 mg/kg (finisher) to 0.68 mg/kg (pre-starter and grower), while aflatoxins were detected in 72.1 % feed samples at mean levels ranging from 0.0022 mg/kg (pre-starter) to 0.0064 mg/kg (grower). The maximum estimated daily intake of fumonisin B1 for broilers (0.057 mg/kg body weight/day) was below the Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (2 mg/kg bw/day). Concerning aflatoxins, most of the positive samples (97 %) showed aflatoxin levels below the maximum limit allowed by the European Commission 0.02 mg aflatoxin B1/kg. Nevertheless, a rigorous monitoring program of the feed producing chain is essential in order to minimize human health hazards. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the degree of exposure of broilers to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed in Brazil.

NOTA TÉCNICA: INCONVENIENTES TÉCNICO-OPERACIONAIS DE UMA UNIDADE BENEFICIADORA E ARMAZENADORA DE PRODUTOS AGRÍCOLAS

As grandes produções de grãos alcançadas no cenário nacional atual, não estão sendo acompanhadas por alguns setores da cadeia produtiva, sendo que, os setores de pós-colheita deixam muito a desejar neste aspecto, pois tendem a ser minimizadas em questão de capacidade estática, bem como nos processos ocorridos na mesma, que tendem a mitigar os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos, vindo a reduzir a capacidade competitiva do produto no mercado. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo fazer um estudo de caso sobre os gargalos que estão a suprimir o adequado desenvolvimento deste setor, em uma unidade de beneficiamento/armazenamento da região norte do estado do Paraná. Ficou evidente pelo estudo de caso que, a grande maioria dos processos ocorridos dentro das unidades de pós-colheita acabam por serem negligenciados e tendem a aumentar os riscos de perdas, tanto de ordem quantitativa como qualitativa.

Velhice e a relação com idosos: o olhar de adolescentes do ensino fundamental

OBJETIVO: analisar a percepção de estudantes da 6ª série de uma escola pública do norte do Paraná sobre a velhice. METODOLOGIA: realizou-se estudo individuado, observacional e transversal; a coleta de dados ocorreu através da aplicação de questionário na escola. RESULTADOS: 87% adolescentes afirmaram já ter convivido com pessoas idosas (70,7%); 88,5% consideraram esse convívio positivo e 11,5% avaliaram de forma indiferente, nenhum dos participantes considerou a qualidade do convívio com a pessoa idosa como negativa. Muitos adolescentes possuem percepções positivas sobre o envelhecer, percepções negativas existem, mas com menor frequência. A percepção sobre envelhecimento foi analisada através da associação com as variáveis: sexo, escolaridade do chefe da família e convívio com idosos. Sexo e o convívio com idosos podem estar associados a algumas concepções, não sendo possível, entretanto, comprovar uma tendência positiva ou negativa. CONCLUSÃO: espera-se com este estudo contribuir para que o educador possa realizar uma abordagem sobre envelhecimento baseada em conceitos, percepções e vivências existentes no universo dos adolescentes e assim leve para os jovens a construção ou fortalecimento de concepções positivas sobre a velhice.

Manejo de míldio no cultivo protegido de videira de mesa 'BRS Clara'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da cobertura de plástico e da tela antigranizo associadas, ou não, a programas de aplicação de fungicidas, no controle de míldio na cultivar de uva de mesa BRS Clara, sob condições de produção das safras normal e temporã do norte do Paraná, e analisar a influência de variáveis micrometeorológicas no progresso da doença. Foram conduzidos experimentos em duas safras normais (setembro a dezembro) e duas safras temporãs (janeiro a maio) nos anos 2008 e 2009. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições: cobertura com tela antigranizo sem uso de fungicidas para controle de míldio ou com uso de fungicidas (padrão do produtor); cobertura de plástico sem uso de fungicidas ou com fungicidas apenas para oídio; cobertura de plástico com 25 ou 50% das aplicações de fungicidas padrão; e cobertura de plástico com tratamento de fosfito e cobre. A cobertura de plástico permite reduzir o número de pulverizações de fungicidas em até 75% em relação à tela antigranizo. A severidade da doença apresenta alta correlação positiva com o número de horas diárias de molhamento foliar e com a umidade relativa do ar maior que 90%. Sob tela antigranizo, a severidade da doença também se correlaciona com a intensidade de chuva

Selectivity of neem to Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis are commonly found in avocado and persimmon orchards in northern Parana state. However, their abundance depends on whether insecticides are used or not to control the key lepidopteran pests Stenoma catenifer (Wals.) (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) and Hypocala andremona (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), respectively. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of an aqueous neem seed extract (ANSE) at 15, 3 and 1.5%, and of an emulsifiable concentrate neem oil (ECNO) at 2.5, 0.5 and 0.25% on lifetime parameters of these trichogrammatids as a way of testing the feasibility of integrating the biological and chemical control methods. Chemicals were applied on Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs before or after parasitization (one, three or five days). ANSE was more deleterious to both parasitoid species than ECNO, regardless of the concentration and the time of application. The chemicals acted on a concentration and time dependent manner. Treating the host with neem before parasitism was less deleterious to wasp emergence, especially for T. annulata. Pre-treatments (24h) of the host eggs with ECNO at concentrations varying from 0.5% to 0.25% did not affect T. pretiosum longevity, but 2.5% reduced T. annulata survival. Feeding wasps with honey mixed with 0.25% ECNO negatively affected T. annulata survival.

Associação de aves a agrupamentos de bambu na porção Sul da Mata Atlântica, Londrina, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Agrupamentos de bambu têm sido considerados relativamente importantes para um grande número de espécies de aves, principalmente na Amazônia. No presente estudo avaliamos as variações na abundância de aves associadas ao bambu Chusquea sp. em áreas com diferentes disponibilidades deste microhábitat no interior de floresta nativa, na porção sul da Mata Atlântica, Estado do Paraná. Amostragens por ponto-de-escuta foram realizadas durante 25 dias em cinco trilhas, três em áreas com agrupamentos de bambu e duas em áreas onde este microhábitat estava ausente; as trilhas diferiram na disponibilidade de bambu. As áreas de estudos foram o Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy e um fragmento florestal adjacente que, juntos, formam uma área maior que 2.000 ha no Norte do Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Das dezenove espécies de aves analisadas, apenas cinco foram registradas nas trilhas onde não havia bambu. Cinco espécies diminuíram significativamente suas abundâncias de acordo com a disponibilidade decrescente de aglomerados de bambu (teste-G, P < 0,01). Nenhuma espécie de ave apresentou maior abundância nas trilhas onde o bambu estava ausente. Diferente da Amazônia, agrupamentos de bambu na porção sul da Mata Atlântica brasileira não formam áreas extensas, sendo encontrados mais esparsos pelo sub-bosque. Ainda assim, este microhábitat pode ser importante para a conservação de certas espécies de aves na Mata Atlântica.

A Guerra de Porecatu

In the 1940s and 1950s, a land conflict took place in northern Parana state, Brazil with nationwide impact, named by the contemporary press as the “Porecatu war”. The movement took body and shape from the intervention by militants and directors of the Brazilian Communist Party, who were able to organize a land struggle using a wide net of sympathizers, including armed struggle. The movement was violently stifled by the police and repression forces, leading to its demise. Consequently, thousands of peasants were deserted and expelled from their lands, displaced to other areas of the state and Brazil.