Non-factorial Randomized Block Design Research Articles

Population Diversity of Black Soybean Detam 4 Prida Generation M3 Mutants

The number of black soybean varieties in Indonesia is less than yellow soybeans. Increasing genetic diversity can be done by using gamma ray irradiation mutation induction method to get a homogeneous mutant line, selection was carried out. The aims of this reseach was to determine the diversity in the M3 population, for the fourth generation selection stage. The reseach used a non-factorial randomized block design with 11 mutant lines as the result of M2 pedigree selection based on high production characters (R1119, R1125, R1225, R221, R222, R2211, R2125, R321, R3119, R4119, and R4325), and control (R0) is Detam 4 Prida variety without irradiation (R0), each treatment was three replication. The observed variables were flower age, plant height, number of branches, Days to Harvest and number of pods. Data were analyzed by calculating the average and standard deviation. Based on the results of the research, the observation variables for the number of pods and plant height still had high diversity compared to flower age, Days to Harvest and number of branch.

The analysis of decomposition rate of Vermigot fertilizer (vermicompost and kasgot) by utilizing of Black Soldier Fly larvae and earthworms with and without technique feeding

ABSTRACT
 
 One of the efforts in managing waste is to carry out environmentally friendly bioconversion with one of the most popular composting is vermicomposting. The use of insects in composting is also one of the new technologies, namely the Black Soldier Fly larvae. The combination of two types of decomposing organisms that are synergistic can increase the effectiveness of the decomposition process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of decomposition of vermigot fertilizer in the treatment of cow manure and banana stem waste by utilizing a combination of BSF larvae and earthworms. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design method with 2 techniques (feeding and without feeding), namely D0 = without decomposers; D1 = earthworm (100%); D2 = BSF larvae (100%); D3 = earthworms: BSF larvae (50% : 50% kg); D4 = earthworms : BSF larvae (25% : 75%); D4 = earthworms: BSF larvae (75% : 25%). The results of this study showed that the pH of the vermigot ranged from neutral to slightly alkaline (6.4 - 7.8) in the non-feeding technique, while the pH of the vermigot in the feeding technique was slightly acidic (5.7 - 5.8). The temperature of the vermigot in the non-feeding and feeding technique is the same, ranging from (26 - 31oC) but in the non-feeding technique the temperature tends to rise until the 5th day and tends to decrease on the 7th day to the 21st day. Meanwhile, the temperature of the vermigot with the feeding technique tends to experience fluctuations.

Optimization of soybean yield in ultisols through adaptive varieties screening and plant growth promoting Rhizobacter

This research was aimed at obtaining varieties of soybean adaptive to acid soils and to obtain Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates that can improve the agronomic characteristics of soybean and increase the ultisols fertility. This research was conducted in two-stages research on Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan sub-District, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia from August 2019 until March 2020. The first stage (adaptive varieties screening) using the non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the varieties of Argomulyo, Wilis, Kaba, Dena-1, Devon-1, Dega-1, Demas-1, Burangrang, Detam-1, and Kipas Merah. The second stage (application of PGPR isolates singly and in combinations) using the factorial RBD, the first factor of applicative single and the combination of PGPR isolates, the second factor of adaptive varieties including Detam-1 and Wilis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and followed by DMRT at P<0.05. The results showed that the Detam-1 and Wilis varieties had significantly higher yield per plant of 14.73 g and 14.54 g, respectively, than other varieties. The applications of a single and combination of PGPR isolates significantly increased the number of branches, stem diameter, plant height, yield per plant, soil pH, organic-C, available-P, and total-N and decreased the soil C/N. The Detam-1 variety had the higher in yield per plant compared to Wilis variety. The isolates combination of Rhizobium leguminosarum+Rhizobium sp2+Bacillus sp+Burkholderia sp for Detam-1 and Wilis varieties can be recommended to support the growth and yield of soybean on ultisols.

Response Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Eco Enzyme (EE) On Growth And Production Of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum. L)

Shallots are horticultural products that have high economic value. For obtaining quality shallots, there is an optimal cultivation action. One way that can be done to increase productivity is through fertilization. Organic fertilizers derived from household waste such as vegetable and fruit waste can manufacture liquid organic fertilizers whose final results are called eco-enzymes (EE). Eco enzymes can provide nutrients and improve physical attributes, soil's chemical and biological properties, and product quality. The purpose of the study was to determine the response of the eco-enzyme liquid organic fertilizer application to shallot plant growth and production and determine the appropriate application dose for the growth and production of shallots. The method used in this study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) method. The dose of EE LOF application consists of 6 levels, namely E1 = 0.5 ml/L water, E2 = 0.75 ml/L water, E3 = 1 ml/L water, E4 = 1.25 ml/L water, E5 = 1.5 ml/L water, E6 = 1.75 ml/L water. Analysis of the data used the mathematical model of Analysis of Variety Prints, and further tests were carried out using the Honestly Significant Difference Test (HSD) at 5% and 1% levels. The results showed a very significant effect on the parameters of root length and significantly affected the number of leaves at a dose of 1.75 ml/L of water.

Vertical farming application with several growing media for coffee nurseries

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that play an important role as a source of foreign exchange for the country. One alternative to overcome the land decrease in rural area is to utilize urban farming in the form of a vertical planting system. This study aimed to obtain alternative techniques for planting coffee seedlings using vertical farming and to determine the effect of vertical planting with several growing media on the growth of coffee seedlings. The study was arranged in a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments, namely: 1) conventional nursery; 2) topsoil verticulture nursery; 3) topsoil and compost media verticulture, and 4) topsoil, compost, and husk charcoal media verticulture. The data were analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The observed variables included observations of the morphology of coffee seedlings and verticulture environmental factors. The results showed that vertical planting on the vegetative growth of coffee seedlings was not significantly different from conventional planting. Topsoil planting media and husk charcoal in vertical planting did not significantly affect the morphological growth of coffee seedlings. The combination of topsoil, husk charcoal and compost gave the best plant height of 12.4 cm at 13 weeks after planting.

Efeitos alelopáticos de Mikania micrantha Kunth em capim-arroz e arroz de planície

ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites from weeds have potential as a natural herbicide and are safe for the main crop. This study aimed to screening secondary metabolites in Mikania micrantha extract and their effect on the agronomic, physiological and histological characteristics of barnyardgrass and lowland rice. A non-factorial randomized block design was used, with extract concentrations of Mikania micrantha (0; 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 %) and 2,4-D dimethyl amine herbicide as comparison. The M. micrantha extract presented favonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. The concentration of 20-100 % inhibited the barnyardgrass growth, but was considered safe for the lowland rice, and increased the root length and volume, while the concentration of 60 % increased the number of leaves and stomatal density in the lowland rice. The concentration of 20-100 % significantly inhibited the root volume, biomass, SPAD total chlorophyll and growth reduction of barnyardgrass, and it was classifed as an inhibitor. The barnyardgrass tocixity also increased as the concentration grew from 60 to 100 %. The M. micrantha extract reduced the barnyardgrass growth by 63.5 %, being close to the percentage presented by the 2,4-D dimethyl amine (65.6 %).

Diversidade de plantas daninhas em função do preparo do solo e da aplicação do herbicida glufosinato de amônio

ABSTRACT Farmers in Indonesia generally spray herbicides to control weeds and use tillage during the early stages of crop cultivation; consequently, these activities affect the weed composition and diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the dominance and diversity index of weeds and obtain abundance correlations according to the soil chemical characteristics, as well as the effect of the ammonium glufosinate herbicide, in different tillage systems. A non-factorial randomized block design was used, consisting of no-tillage (NT), 1-time tillage (T1) and 2-times tillage (T2), with three replications. The Cyperus rotundus and Ageratum conyzoides weed species were dominant in the tillages. The diversity indices were 2.261, 2.196 and 2.234 (moderate/stable condition), respectively for the NT, T1 and T2. For T2, there were increases of 2.82-folds, 41 populations and 2.43-folds, respectively for A. conyzoides, Cynodon dactylon and Euphorbia heterophylla, when compared to NT, while a decrease was observed in grasses for T1 and T2 (50.71 and 26.05 %, respectively). Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation for E. heterophylla according to the soil cation exchange capacity (0.727). In contrast, four new weed species (Glyceria maxima, Leersia oryzoides, Scoparia dulcis and Anthoxanthum oculatum) were found due to the ammonium glufosinate application, in the different tillage systems.

The effect of combination of AB-mix nutrition with liquid organic fertilizer of tofu liquid waste on hydroponical growth and production of lettage (Lactuca sativa L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of AB mix nutrients with liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) of tofu liquid waste on the growth and yield of lettuce plants and to obtain the best combination for the growth and yield of lettuce hydroponically. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of a comparison of nutritional treatments, namely: N1 = 100% AB mix + 0% LOF of liquid waste tofu, N2= 75% AB mix + 25% LOF of tofu liquid waste, N3= 50% AB mix + 50% LOF of tofu liquid waste, N4= 25% AB mix + 75 % LOF of tofu liquid waste, N5= 100% LOF of waste liquid tofu which consists of 4 replications. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, root length, fresh weight, root volume and weight fit for consumption. The results showed that the administration of 50% AB mix + 50% LOF of tofu liquid waste and 25% AB mix + 75% LOF of tofu liquid waste showed results that tended to be the same but the results of the combination of 75% AB mix + 25% LOF of tofu liquid waste were higher. On the parameters of the number of leaves is 11.12 strands, fresh weight is 66.40 g and suitable weight for consumption is 58.31 g.

Pemberian Pupuk Guano Dengan Dosis Berbeda Terhadap Produksi Rumput Ruzi (Bachiaria Ruziziensis)

Ruzi grass (Bachiaria ruziziensis) is a superior grass that is good for use as animal feed, this grass has not been widely cultivated in Central Aceh Regency. The method used in this study was a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 4 treatments, namely 0 tons-1,10 tons-1,15 tons-1,20 tons-1 and 3 replications. The results showed that the application of guano fertilizer at a dose of 20 tons/ha had a significant effect on the production, height, wet weight, and number of shoots of Ruzi Grass and the application of guano fertilizer at a dose of 0 tons/ha had no significant effect on the height, wet weight, and number of shoots of Ruzi Grass. .

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca sativa L.) PADA SISTEM HIDROPONIK NFT DENGAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI PUPUK AB MIX DAN GROWMORE

One of the efforts to continuously increase lettuce production is by using hydroponic technology. Hydroponics is a way of farming without using soil media but using water or porous materials. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) including hydroponic farming methods. In this system, some of the roots of the plants are submerged in water that contains fertilizer and some are above the surface of the water with a continuous 24 hours of circulation. The research was conducted from June to November 2020. The research was carried out on the Hydroponic Roof Top of the Red Building. Plantation Cultivation. This research method used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD), the treatment of 1100 ppm AB Mix nutrition at the age of 1-14 days, 1300 ppm from the age of 21-28 days, 1500 ppm at the age of 29 - 35 days and B2 = Fertilizer Growmore 1100 ppm at the age of 1 - 14 and 1300 ppm from the age of 21 - 28 days, 1500 ppm at the age of 29 - 35 days Each treatment consists of 20 sample plants.The results showed a significant difference in the application of AB Mix fertilizer to Growmore fertilizer from week 1 to week IV on plant height increase, number of leaves and wet weight or yield on lettuce plants.

The Effect of Agrobost Biofertilizer on the Growth and Productivity of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Variety Granola L

Potato is a staple food substitute that has a high consumption value. Potato productivity in Indonesia is still inadequate, especially for high-quality seeds. Agrobost is a biological fertilizer that contains microorganisms that can help provide nutrients for plants and can increase the productivity of potato plants. This study aims to determine the effect and optimum dose of agrobost biofertilizer on the growth and productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum) Granola L variety. The research design used was a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 6 levels of dose treatment and 4 repetitions. The doses used were 0 ml (d0/control), 5 ml (d1), 10 ml (d2), 15 ml (d3), 20 ml (d4), and 25 ml (d5). Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, total number of tubers, and total weight of tubers. The data obtained quantitatively were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a 5% honest real difference test (BNJ). It was found that the application of Agrobost biofertilizer had a significant effect on the weight of potato tubers but had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of plants and the number of potato tubers. Agrobost biofertilizer with a dose of 20 ml/L produced the highest average tuber weight, which was 7.71 grams.

Test of Samosir local varieties of shallots with gamma-ray radiation on changes morphology characters, physiology and production

Shallots are one of the vegetable commodities that are in demand by the public, but their production does not meet market demand. One of the reasons is the difficulty of suitable seeds for the area. This condition can be overcome by obtaining superior seeds in the Samosir area through irradiation on shallot bulbs. The research objectives were to produce high production, and to identify changes in the morphological and physiological characters of the local Samosir variety shallots. Treatments were arranged in a non-factorial Randomized Block Design. Shallots bulbs were irradiated with several doses of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 1, and 2Gy) using a Co 60irradiation sources. The results showed that there were morphological and physiological differences between the irradiation treatments. The number of leaves with the highest value at 2 Gy 20.147 g and the lowest at 18.894 g control. The heaviest wet weight in the control was 20.355 g and the lowest was at 2 Gy 18.45 g. At 1 Gy and 2 Gy can significantly increase the content of chlorophyll-a 2 Gy 2.484, chlorophyll-b 2 Gy 1.579, and total chlorophyll-(a+b) 2 Gy 4.056. This proves that the dose of gamma-ray radiation affects the morphological and physiological characters of shallots.

Effectiveness of using the dose of mycorrhiza bio-fertilizers to increase growth and production of red paprika (Capsicum annum L.) in Ultisol Aceh

Using dose mycorrhizal bio-fertilizers can spur the growth and production of red paprika (Capsicum annum L.) on Ultisol Aceh. Besides that, it can also increase root colonization by mycorrhizal and P2O5 uptake, which red paprika plants need to produce high growth and yield. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of dose bio-fertilizer mycorrhizal on the growth and production of red paprika in Ultisols Aceh. The research was arranged by a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. The investigated factor was the dose of bio-fertilizer mycorrhizal from local specific strain mixing between Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. The dose of the mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer used was control (without mycorrhizal) of each plant, 5, 10, and 15 gram. The observed parameters were plant height and stem diameter of red paprika at 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting; additionally, the parameter of red paprika production was observed at 125 days after transplanting and P2O5 uptake and root colonization by mycorrhizae at 60 days after transplanting. The results showed that the best dose of mycorrhizal bio-fertilizers on growth and production, root colonization, P2O5 uptake was found in the treatment of doses of 10-gram mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer for each plant.

Pemanfaatan Tanah Mediteranian Sebagai Media Pembibitan Budset Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Varietas Bululawang dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kandang pada Dosis yang Berbeda

Abstract The decrease in the productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) can be pursued through intensification with treatment in the nursery. However, it is increasingly difficult to find a good growing medium for plants, such as mediterranean soil must be managed. One of the efforts is to increase soil fertility by adding livestock manure which has the potential as organic fertilizer so that it is expected to improve soil structure and add nutrients. This study aims to determine the dose of organic fertilizer in sugarcane bud set nurseries on media with the addition of lime soil. This research was carried out at the independent farm. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with one factor, namely the dose of organic fertilizer (0, 125, 250, 375, and 500 grams/polybag) with 3 replications. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter of sugarcane nurseries. The best application of organic fertilizer in sugarcane bud set nurseries is a dose of 250 grams/polybag. Keywords: Sugarcane, Nurseries, Mediterranean Soil, Livestock Manure, Organic Fertilizer

PENGARUH IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA PADA PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PADI LOKAL RAMOS GENERASI M1

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in Indonesia. Induction of gamma ray irradiation on rice is expected to increase genetic diversity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of gamma irradiation on the growth of local ramos rice seedlings of the M1 generation. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The doses used were 0 (control), 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy and 300 Gy. Parameters observed were growth percentage, lethal dose 50% (LD50), seedling height and root length in the nursery phase. The results showed that the LD50 value of ramos rice was 175 Gy, iinhibition of seedling growth due to gamma ray irradiation caused a significant effect on the character of seedling height, namely at a dose of 300 Gy. Keywords: Local rice, Gamma Ray Irradiation, Ramos, Lethal Dose 50%

PEMBERIAN LIMBAH KARET PADAT UNTUK PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata Sturt): PROVISION OF SOLID RUBBER WASTE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SWEET CORN (Zea mays saccharata sturt)

his study aims to determine the dosage of solid rubber waste on the growth and production of maize. This research was conducted in V Surodadi Village, Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency with an altitude of 97 above sea level. Conducted for 4 months, starting from April to July 2020. The study used an experimental method with a non-factorial randomized block design with 6 random arrangements and was repeated 4 times with 4 plant samples taken factorial random KO = Without using solid rubber waste, KI = 1 kg / plot, K2 = 3 kg / plot, K3 = 5 kg / plot, K4 = 7 kg / plot, K5 = 9 kg / plot. The results showed that the application of solid waste compost of 7 kg per plot (K4) gave the best response to ear weight and production of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt).

Centella asiatica tendril growth of Samosir – Indonesia accession

Medicinal plants often used is pegagan (Centella asiatica). Due to the benefits of pegagan, it is important to know the growth of this plant in detail, in this case, the growth of tendrils, which is, of course, related to biomass production. Plant materials are needed that are guaranteed production levels and quality by applying recommended cultivation. This study was proposed to understand the influence of phosphorus on the growth of pegagan tendrils. This research was conducted using a single factor with six levels of P2O5 fertilizer dosage with a non-factorial randomized block design repeated 3 times. The 6 levels of fertilizer dosage are 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 kg P2O5/ha. The treatment of phosphorus (F) at 3-12 WAP did not reveal a prominent influence on the number of the primary tendrils; however, phosphorus's application affects the growth component of the primary tendril length in acid soil conditions. Pegagan can still grow well even though the land conditions are very acidic.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Bubuk Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap Karakteristik Krim Kunyit Daun Asam

People are increasingly aware of the dangers of using harmful chemicals in cosmetics. One of the herbal ingredients that can be used in the manufacture of cosmetics is turmeric, tamarind leaves and cocoa powder which are applied in making creams. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of the concentration of cocoa powder on the characteristic of tumeric tamarind cream and to obtain the concentration of cocoa powder that produces cream of turmeric extract and tamarind leaves with the best characteristics.This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with 6 concentration levels of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. The variables observed in the cream were homogenity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, separation ratio, adhesion, color intensity, and total phenol. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, if the treatment had an effect, it was continued with Duncan's test. The results of this study showed that the concentration of cocoa powder in cream with active ingredients of turmeric and tamarind had a significant effect on viscosity, adhesion, spreadability, total phenol, cream brightness level (L*), but had no effect on pH, separation ratio and redness level ( a*) and the degree of yellowness (b*) of cream. The treatment of cocoa powder on sour cream turmeric leaves with a concentration of 9% met the criteria for the characteristics of the cream, namely: homogeneous cream, 5.43 to 4.46 cm spreadability, 6.78 to 9.05 second adhesion, pH 6, 36 to 6.46, a viscosity of 11,3 to 24,0, and a separation ratio of 1.
 Keywords: cocoa powder, tamarind leaves, turmeric, cream characteristics.

Penetasan telur penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata) dengan kedalaman yang berbeda

This research was conducted from November 2018 until January 2019 which was held at the UPTD Conservation and Supervision of Marine Resources and Fisheries in West Sumatera, Pariaman City. The aim of the research is to know hatchling hawksbill sea turtle eggs based on nest depth. The method used in this study is a nonfactorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used were treatment A (with a depth of 30 cm incubation nest), treatment B (with a depth of incubation nest 40 cm), and Treatment C (with a depth of incubation nest 50 cm). The results of this study showed that hatching hawksbill eggs hatched very significantly, the best hatching percentage was in treatment A (30cm) with 78% hatching at 6:00 a.m. with hatching temperature range of 24-28oC, hatching pH of 6,6-6,8 and medium sized incubation sand with a size of 0.150 mm with a weight reaching 461 grams.Keywords: Hatching percentage, Hawksbill turtle, pH, Temperature

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.Var. Tosakan) Dengan Perbedaan Media Tanam Organik dan Penambahan Pupuk Organik Limbah Sludge Kertas di Dataran Rendah

The research was carried out at the Screen House of the new land of UNSIKA, Pasir Jengkol Village, Majalaya District, Karawang Regency, from October 2020 to March 2021. The design used was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications, namely A (cocopeat with paper sludge organic fertilizer 1:0), B (husk charcoal with paper sludge organic fertilizer 1:0), C (cocopeat with paper sludge organic fertilizer 3:1), D (husk charcoal with paper sludge organic fertilizer 3:1 ), E (cocopeat 1:1 organic fertilizer paper sludge), F (husk charcoal 1:1 organic fertilizer paper sludge) so that there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the addition of organic planting media and organic sludge fertilizer had a significant effect on mustard plants aged 4 weeks after planting, with a plant height of 30.32 cm in treatment D. Meanwhile, on the observation of leaf area, the addition of planting media in organic sludge fertilizer had a significant effect on mustard plants with an area of ​​447.725 in treatment F. The combination of organic growing media and organic sludge fertilizer gave a significant effect on root length of 30.05 cm in treatment F. Organic planting media and sludge fertilizer had a significant effect on wet weight 1055.75 grams and the wet weight without roots is 93.75 grams.