Non-factorial Randomized Block Design Research Articles

The Effect of Adding Nutrients to Rice Washing Waste Water on Growth Results of Yellow Soybean Plant Microgreens (Glycine max (L.) Merill)

Soybeans contain many vitamins and minerals and are low in saturated fatty acids. Food ingredients derived from soybeans are also free from lactose, making them suitable for consumers who suffer from lactose intolerance. It is impossible to separate microgreens growth from their requirement for nutrients and water. Since microgreens are organic, chemical fertilizers are not used to them. Rice washing waste water is one substitute that can be utilized as fertilizer for microgreen plants. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the optimal concentration for maximizing the growth and yield of yellow soybean microgreens (Glycine max) and the impact of giving waste rice washing water on these microgreens. This study conducts quantitative research using an experimental design. A non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) was employed to collect the data, with concentration being the primary variable (P0: Control, P1: 50 ml rice washing water, P2: 100 ml rice washing water, P3: 150 ml rice washing water). Plant height, plant dry weight, plant wet weight, and chlorophyll levels are all significantly impacted by the availability of rice washing water, according to the research findings. The amount of leaves was unaffected by the presence of rice washing water. Plant height, dry weight, wet weight, and chlorophyll content can all be increased with P1 in as much as 50 milliliters of rice washing water.

Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Dari Urine Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Pinang (Areca Catechu, L.)

The Effect Of Various Concentrations Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Goat's Urine On The Growth Of Growth Of Areca Plants (Areca Catechu, L.). Betel palm (Areca Catechu, L.) is one of the plants that has various benefits ranging from health, care, to coloring. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving goat urine liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of areca nut plants. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK), with 5 treatment concentrations and replicating 4 times, namely: Po: 0% (0 ml poc + 1000 ml water), P1: 5.0% (50 ml poc + 950 ml water), P2 : 10% (100 ml poc + 900 ml water), P3 : 15% (150 ml poc + 850 ml water), P4 : 20% (200 ml poc + 800 ml water), with fertilizer spray method liquid organic as much as 50 ml/plant every 1 week. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), stem diameter (mm). The results of this study showed that giving urine liquid organic fertilizer for P1 treatment had a significant effect on the number of leaves at 5 Mst, namely 2.10 leaves.

Improvement in the physical quality of genotype G1 arabica coffee beans as a result of applying rice husk ash and KCl fertilizer

Abstract Arabica Gayo coffee has earned global acclaim for its exceptional flavor profile. Its exports primarily consist of green coffee beans, making the physical quality a crucial criterion. Several factors are considered in assessing the physical quality of coffee beans, including shape (normal, single, and damaged) beans as well as size. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the improvement in the genotype G1 arabica coffee beans physical quality through the potassium from rice husk ash and KCI fertilizer. A total of 132 genotype G1 arabica coffee were selected randomly with specific criteria including eight years of age, a 2.5 m x 2.5 m planting distance, well-pruned, grown under shade from lamtoro trees with slightly dense density, and adequately maintained. Moreover, a non-factorial randomized block design was used. The treatments comprised a control, and the potassium application at doses of 29, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg K2O ha−1 from KCl fertilizer (containing 58% K2O) and rice husk ash (containing 2% K2O), totaling 11 treatment units. Each unit was replicated four times and consisted of three coffee trees, resulting in a total of 132. The research results showed that the potassium fertilizer application from both KCl and rice husk ash increased the 100 beans weight (water content 14-18%), the normal beans percentage, single beans, small and medium beans size, but can reduce the damaged beans percentage and large beans size. The application of 250 kg ha−1 KCl, equivalent to 156.25 g of KCl per coffee trees was found to be the best potassium fertilizer dose for improving all the quality variables of genotype G1 Arabica coffee beans.

Effect of shade tree on nutrient concentration in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaves

Abstract Leaf tissue analysis is a measurement of the levels of elements contained in plant leaves. In this case, the leaves can describe the amount of absorption of a nutrient because most of the assimilation results are collected in them. The nutrients that can be absorbed by plant roots are the amount of nutrients available in the soil. The use of shade trees with different types of sunlight absorption intensity causes the conditions for leaf nutrient absorption in plants to also vary. This research was needed to determine the effect of shade type on the nutrient concentration of nitrogen, (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaves of Arabica coffee plants. This research was carried out at the Koperasi Ribang Gayo Musara, Pantan Musara Village, Pegasing Subdistrict, Central Aceh District, Aceh, and the Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency (BSIP) Aceh. This research used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design with five treatments where each treatment 4 replications. Treatments consisted of types of shade plants on coffee plants, namely, control/no shade, small lamtoro shade (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. leucocephala), big lamtoro shade (Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata), banana shade (Musa paradisiaca L.), avocado shade (Persea americana Mill.). The results showed that shade tree type significantly affect potassium (K) nutrient levels in coffee plant leaves. Coffee plant shaded by big lamtoro had better N, P and K nutrient levels compared to small lamtoro, banana, avocado, and control.

Estimation of genetic parameters of resistance to Anthracnose disease in several genotypes of ornamental Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)

Abstract Ornamental chilies have attractive and varied shapes and fruit colors, so they are liked by consumers. However, ornamental chili plants are susceptible to disease, especially anthracnose. One control that can be done is by assembling resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars can be determined by estimating genetic parameters to obtain selection characters for resistance to anthracnose disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic parameters of anthracnose disease resistance in several genotypes of ornamental chili plants. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with four chili genotypes, namely Ayesha, Nazla, Violetta and Syakira, each of which was repeated three times. The results showed that heritability values with high criteria were found in the parameters of fruit length, fruit diameter, weight per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, productivity, incidence of ripe chili disease and disease intensity of ripe chili.

Improving productivity of arabica coffee genotype G1 through potassium fertilization

Abstract One of the determinants of coffee productivity is the availability of nutrients in the soil, with potassium being among the essential nutrients required to enhance productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal potassium fertilizer dosage needed to increase the productivity of Arabica coffee plants of the G1 genotype. This study was conducted in the experimental garden of Syiah Kuala University in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia using a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). A total of 132 Arabica coffee trees of genotype G1 were randomly selected based on specific criteria, such as 8 years of age, planted with a spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m, pruned properly, grown under moderately dense shade of Leucaena trees, and well-maintained. The treatments included a control group without potassium fertilizer and multiple groups receiving potassium fertilizers at 29, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg K2O per hectare. These potassium sources were derived from potassium chloride (KCl) fertilizer containing 58% K2O and Rice Husk Ash containing 2% K2O, respectively. This resulted in 11 treatment units, each comprising 3 coffee trees replicated 4 times, for a total of 44 treatment units. The results showed that potassium fertilization from KCl and Rice Husk Ash had a significant effect on the increased productivity of Arabica coffee genotype G1. The effect was observed based on the number of productive branches per tree, clusters per branch, fruits per cluster, fruits per tree, the weight of red cherries per tree, parchment coffee per tree, green beans per tree, and the green beans yield at 14% moisture content. The optimal potassium fertilizer dosage was 145 kg K2O per hectare, equivalent to 250 kg KCl or 156.25 g KCl per tree. Additionally, it was observed that potassium sourced from KCl was more effective than potassium from Rice Husk Ash due to the longer time the latter takes to improve the productivity of Arabica coffee.

Effectiveness of Using Liquid Organic Fertilizer Rice Wash and Coffee Grounds to Increase the Growth of Tomato Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Tomato plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) are horticultural vegetable plants that are included in the eggplant group. Tomato plants are very much needed in the community because tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable ingredients in several types of vegetables. This study observed the growth of tomato plants under the influence of POC treatment of Rice Water and Coffee Grounds Waste. The method used in this study was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with three replications to see how the POC of rice washing water and coffee grounds waste affected the growth of tomato plants ( Allium ascalonicum L. ). With three types of treatment concentrations 0 (control), 100, 200ml POC and 0 (control), 75g, and 150g coffee grounds waste. The results of this research show that plants with a dose of 200ml POC have a high growth rate compared to other doses. With the same plant age, plant stem height occurred at a dose of 200ml, while the lowest number of leaves occurred at a dose of 0. This study found that administering a 200ml POC dose at 3MST showed a significant dose level, compared to other dose treatments. The results of this research show that a dose of 200ml POC of rice washing water is very suitable for the growth process of tomato plants, and the findings of this research can be used as a condition for getting tomato plant growth results.

Response to Applying Vegetable Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) on Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus L.) Growth and Production

The horticultural plant Cucumis sativus L., commonly known as the cucumber plant, is highly favored and extensively grown in different regions across the globe. This study aims to establish the most effective concentration of liquid organic fertilizer for enhancing the growth and yield of cucumber crops and to offer valuable guidance for farmers seeking to enhance the efficiency and productivity of cucumber cultivation by employing liquid organic fertilizer. The study adopts a non-factorial randomized block design and includes 5 variance tests to determine whether there is a significant difference in further testing using BNT at the 5% significance level. The findings indicated that the 100-dosage treatment yielded consistently superior outcomes regarding fresh fruit weight, fruit length, and the quantity of fruit per harvest compared to alternative treatments. The administration of the 100 doses resulted in a significant increase in the fruit's fresh weight, with the most favorable outcomes observed at Harvest 3. Conversely, the 0 dose exhibited lower results across all measured parameters. The dosis 50 treatment demonstrated favorable outcomes, although not to the same extent as the Dosis 100. Conversely, the dosis 75 treatment yielded suboptimal results in enhancing fruit production.

Phosphorus Uptake Model of Oil Palm Seedlings in the Main Nursery

Oil palm is generally cultivated on tropical soils that have low levels of chemical fertility and various physical fertility. Environmental factors, genetics, and cultivation techniques generally influence oil palm productivity. This study aimed to obtain a model of oil palm growth and phosphorus (P) uptake in the main nursery. The oil palm growth model was carried out through literature studies and field trials. The trial was conducted at Leuwikopo Trial Farm (Bogor Agricultural Institute) IPB University from May 2021-January 2022. The experiment was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design with five replications. The experiment consisted of one treatment with five levels of P fertilization: P0 = no fertilizer; P1 = 50% standard fertilization; P2 = 100% standard fertilization; P3 = 150% standard fertilization; and P4 = 200% standard fertilization. The fertilizer dose of 100% using the standard fertilization for oil palm of the Damimas variety was 28 g P seedling-1. This study concluded that the model of oil palm nutrient P uptake for the main nursery was able to simulate oil palm nutrient uptake as shown by actual measurements (observations in the field). The dry weight simulation results fell within the range of standard deviation values for average measurements in the field. The nutrient uptake simulation model is thus a valid tool for planning the optimal fertilization of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery.

Aplikasi Konsentrasi ZPT GA3 yang Berbeda untuk Peningkatan Kuantitas dan Kualitas Buah Jambu Air Madu Deli Hijau (Syzygium aqueum)

This study aims to determine the best concentration of ZPT GA3 to increase the quantity and quality of green deli honey water guava fruit. This research was carried out in Pancakarya Village, Ajung District, Jember Regency which was carried out from December 2021 to February 2022, with an altitude of 50 m above sea level. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK), with 5 different spraying treatments, repeated 5 times, a total of 25 research objects. The treatment studied was the concentration of GA3 (P) namely: P0 = Control, P1 = Concentration of 5 ppm , P2 = Concentration of 10 ppm, P3 = Concentration of 15 ppm, P4 = Concentration of 20 ppm. The data collected was analyzed by variance (Anova), if it was significantly different, it was continued with the BNT test at the 5% level using SPSS 20 For Windows. In determining the fruit to be sprayed using a random system. The results showed that the concentration of ZPT GA3 in the P4 treatment (concentration 20 ppm) gave optimal results for the sugar content of the fruit. GA3 concentration treatment gave results that were not significantly different for the parameters of fruit length, fruit diameter, number of perdompol fruit, fruit perdompol weight and unit weight of fruit.

The effect of tree shading on soil temperature at Arabica coffee plantation (Coffea arabica L.)

Coffee is a group of plants that require partial light (C3), whose cultivation combines the use of shade trees and cultivated plants with the aim of increasing production and maintaining the microclimate around the cultivated plants. The shade provided by shade trees will have a significant effect on soil temperature and water content. The growth and development of a cultivated plant is strongly influenced by water content, on the other hand, water content also affects soil temperature. The optimal air temperature needed by Arabica coffee plants is 18-21°C, while the soil temperature suitable for Arabica coffee plants is 21°C. The research was needed to determine the effect of shade tree type on the soil temperature of Arabica coffee plants. This research was at the Koperasi Ribang Gayo Musara, Pantan Musara Village, Pegasing Subdistrict, Central Aceh District, Aceh Province. This research used a non-factorial randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of shade tree type on coffee plants were control/no shade, small lamtoro shade (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. leucocephala), big lamtoro shade (Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata), banana shade (Musa paradisiaca L.), avocado shade (Persea americana Mill.). The results showed that the shade tree type had a significant effect on soil temperature at a depth of 0, 10, and 20 cm. Coffee plants that were shaded by avocado trees have better temperatures for coffee plants and can reduce soil temperature until they reach optimal temperatures.

Various treatments to overcome dormancy of jernang rattan seeds (Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.)

Jernang rattan is a resin known as “dragon’s blood” and belongs to e family arecaceae. Its uses vary, including being a source of supply for the ceramics, jewelry, glass, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. This study is to determine the germination response of rattan jernang seeds (Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.) in various treatments of dormancy of rattan jernang seeds. The research was conducted in Silangit, Siborongborong District, North Tapanuli Regency, starting from April 2023 to July 2023. The study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatment factors are: P0 (seeds without treatment / control), P1 (soaking seeds with ordinary water 24 hours), P2 (scarification of seeds / sanding), P3 (soaking seeds with KNO3 0.5% 24 hours) and P4 (soaking seeds with coconut water 24 hours). The parameters observed are growth potential, germination test includes the percentage of normal sprouts and the percentage of dead sprouts. The conclusions were obtained soaking treatment of rattan jernang seeds in 0.5% KNO3 solution for 24 hours had a very real effect on on the percentage of germination, the percentage of normal sprouts and the percentage of dead sprouts.

Agronomic character and productivity of improved Acehnese rice lines under upland cultivation system

The improvement of Sigupai has been conducted by inserting Sd-1 gene into its progenies resulting in a shorter lifespan and higher productivity. Through this improvement process, a number of new lines have been produced. However, the adaptataion ability of these lines when cultivated under an upland cultivation system is unclear. The purpose of this research is to determine the agronomic character and productivity of these improved lines under upland cultivation system. The research was conducted at Experimental Garden and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala from March to July 2023. The experimental design used in the research was a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 7 new improved lines, T5.3.12.1.3.12; T5.3.12.1.5.2; T9.1.7.6.9.12; T9.6.1.6.12.1; T9.8.8.3.5.9; T29.2.11.10.7.2; T29.8.5.2.12.12 with 3 replications. The parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, flowering time, harvest time, the weight of filled grains per hill, the weight of 1000 grains, and estimated production per hectare. Research results showed that the lines had significant differences on plant height at 4,6, and 8 week after transplanting (WAT) and at harvesting time, the number of tillers at 4,6, and 8 WAT and weight of 1000 grains. The lines T5.3.12.1.3.12 and T5.3.12.1.5.2 were prospective for upland cultivation with a plant height <110 cm, harvesting time <125 day after sowing (DAS), and estimated production 5.28- 6.03 tons ha−1.

Growth and yield of some genotypes of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in response to begomovirus resistance

Capsicum annuum is the widely cultivated and consumed species in the world. Planting virus-resistant chili varieties is one of the reliable disease control strategies to overcome viral attacks. Local high-yielding varieties can be used as a source of germplasm in the assembly of chili peppers resistant to Begomovirus. This study is aimed to determine the growth and yield some chili pepper in response to Begomovirus resistance. This research was carried out at the Saree Agricultural Extension Training Center and Horticulture Laboratory at Syiah Kuala University. This research was designed using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design. Planting materials used were four chili pepper, namely as genotype of Perintis, Lolay, Karo and Kencana as a variety of comparison. The results showed that genotype Perintis and Lolay have better in plant height, plant stem diameter, the faster flowering time, the best of fruit weight per plant and weight per fruit. The faster harvest times and the number of fruits per plant are found in genotype Perintis. Genotype Perintis has slowly attached by Begomovirus, but at the age 135 days after transplanting, all of the plants (Perintis, Lolay, Karo, Kencana) were attacked by Begomovirus.

The use of natural minerals compound fertilizers for the production of sweet corn

The natural mineral of polyhalite, which consists of potassium, sulphur, magnesium, and calcium, has the potential to be to supply various essential nutrients to complete the plant’s nutrient requirement, such as sweet corn. The aim of this study to determine the effect of multiple doses of K-Ca-Mg-S fertilizer on sweet corn plants. This research was conducted at Medan City, North Sumatra, with a height of ± 25 meters above sea level from March to May 2023. This study used a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design with 5 replications and 5 treatments consisting of the dose of fertilizer, namely 0; 2.14, 4.28, 6.42, and 8.57 g/plant. The results of the study showed that several doses of K-Ca-Mg-S compound fertilizer were able to accelerate the male flowering age, which was 53.8 days after planting (dap), the female flowering age was 57.4 dap, and was able to increase the weight of husked cobs, namely 157.758 kg, and seed sugar content of 15.6 % Brix, but did not increase the harvest index.

Impact of giving vermicompost and goat manure compost to soil N, P, K nutrients, growth and production of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.)

The excessive and prolonged use of synthetic fertilizers in mustard greens cultivation can lead to soil and plant degradation. To address this issue, alternative methods to enhance soil nutrients, such as incorporating organic fertilizers like vermicompost and goat manure compost, can be employed. This study aims to investigate the effects of applying vermicompost and goat manure compost on soil nutrients (N, P, K), the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). Conducted at the experimental field in Medan Selayang and Sumatera Utara Agricultural Technology Research Laboratory from February to May 2020, the research utilized a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with various treatments. These treatments included a control group (no fertilizer), recommended dose (goat manure 10 ton/ha + Urea 130 kg/ha) as comparison, vermicompost at 10, 20, and 30 ton/ha, and goat manure compost at 10, 20, and 30 ton/ha. The result indicated that the application of vermicompost and goat manure compost led to increased levels of C-organic, N-total, P-available, K-exchange, the number of mustard greens leaves, and mustard greens production. Vermicompost outperformed goat manure compost in enhancing K-exchange, the number of mustard greens leaves, and mustard greens production. The best treatment is giving vermicompost 20 ton/ha.

FEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN PUPUK CAIR MULTIFUNGSI TERHADAP TANAMAN JAMBU MADU (SYZYGIUM AQUEUM) HASIL STEK

FEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN PUPUK CAIR MULTIFUNGSI TERHADAP TANAMAN JAMBU MADU (SYZYGIUM AQUEUM) HASIL STEK

Uji ketahanan empat varietas tanaman jagung (Zea mays) terhadap intensitas serangan ulat grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith)

The aim of this research was to examine differences in the intensity of armyworm attacks on several varieties of corn plants. This experiment was carried out in Cikalong Village, Sukahaji District, Majalengka Regency. The trial period starts from October 2022 to January 2023. The materials that will be used consist of 4 superior varieties of corn, namely NK 007, Bisi 2, Bisi 18, and Bisi 99. The research method uses a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 4 treatments. repeated 6 times. So the number of experimental plots obtained was 24 experimental plots. The research variables observed included the intensity of armyworm pest attacks, leaf length, number of leaves, leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, weight of husk ear and dry shell weight per ear. To see the effect of treatment, it was tested using the F test at the 5% level. If the calculated F is greater than the F table then the test continues using the LSD (Least Significant Differences) Test. The results of the research showed that the four varieties of corn, namely NK 007, Bisi 18, Bisi 2 and Bisi 99, did not differ significantly in the intensity of attacks by corn armyworm pests, at 14 and 28 HST, number of leaves, leaf width, cob length, diameter. cobs and dry shell weight per cob but were significantly different in the intensity of armyworm attacks at 42 and 56 DAP and the average weight per cob. The Bisi 2 variety provides the most optimal results compared to other varieties planted on average.

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Pada Aplikasi Biostimulan Dari Ekstrak Bawang Merah

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a plantation commodity that has an important role in the economy in Indonesia. The demand for sugar increases with the increase in population. Therefore efforts to increase sugar production by increasing the productivity of sugarcane, one of which is through the use of high quality seeds. Sugarcane Bud Chip seeds have the potential to produce sugarcane with high yields, but efforts to stimulate seedling growth really need to be increased. The use of natural Growth Regulatory Substances (PGR) from shallot extract needs to be tested on sugarcane seedlings because shallots contain the hormone auxin and vitamin B1 which are very necessary to increase the growth of sugarcane seedlings. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of shallot extract concentration on the initial growth of sugarcane plants using the bud chip method and determine the best concentration. This study was conducted for 2.5 months and was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design with 5 concentrations of shallot extract including B0 (control/no extract); B1 (20%); B2 (40%); B3 (60%); B4 (80%). The parameters include the number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, and root length. The results of this study indicated that the shallot extract gave a significantly different response to the growth of sugar cane seedlings, as seen in the parameters of the number of tillers, the number of leaves and root length. From the data obtained, shallot extract at a concentration of 40% was the best concentration for all parameters.

Study of Sambiloto Andrographis paniculate Ness. Extract as an Eco-Friendly Biocontrol on Weed Seed Germination and Growth

The use of synthetic herbicides causes many problems, including pollution, a decrease in soil organic content, and weed resistance to specific herbicides. Plants provide a source of novel phytotoxic compounds that can be evaluated in the search for efficient and ecologically safe herbicides. This research aimed to examine the allelochemical bioherbicidal activity of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculate Ness) leaf extract (SLE) to suppress weed seed germination and growth. The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the SLE as a potent weed seed germination inhibitor and retard weed growth. In this experiment, a non-factorial randomized block design was used, with treatments SLE0 (0% Extract), SLE1 (Extract 0.1%), SLE2 (Extract 0.5%), SLE3 (Extract 1.0%), and SLE4 (Extract 1.5%). The result showed that weed height and biomass were significantly reduced after the extract was applied. The plant-based extracts contained 0.1114% flavonoids and 0.1628% tannins. The findings suggest that this sambiloto herbaceous extract has a promising future in modern plant protection as bioherbicide to suppress germination and weed growth. Therefore, the application of these bio-products could be beneficial for sustainable agricultural practices.