Non-factorial Randomized Block Design Research Articles

Effect of dose of NPK fertilizer on attack intensity of Leptocorisa acuta and lowland rice production

Rice is a strategic commodity for Indonesia. NPK fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with fast absorption, accelerates flowering, fruiting, flowering process and stimulates shoot growth. The pest that often attacks rice is Leptocorisa acuta which sucks the grain in the ripening phase and sucks the grain until it is empty or filling is not full, resulting in a decrease in production. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design with 8 replications and 3 treatments of NPK fertilizer doses which included NPK P1 fertilizer: 100 kg/ha; P2: 200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer and P3: 300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer. The results showed that the application of several doses of NPK fertilizer had no significant effect on the intensity of L. acuta attack due to an increase in population. The highest population of L. acuta was found in the application of 100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer with an average of 17.50 individuals. The increase in new individuals is influenced by the availability of feed and pest control is not carried out. The application of several doses of NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect rice production, due to the high intensity of L. acuta attack which caused a decrease in rice production.

Characterization of gamma ray induced mutations in PepYLCV-infecting local pepper in Karo Regency, Sumatra Utara, Indonesia

Plant mutation breeding plays a pivotal role in increasing plant genetic variability, pest and disease resistance and yield production. Gamma ray irradiation induced to infected plants to obtain resistant mutant plants. This research aims to examine the morphological characterization of pepper plants and the mutant plants produced from irradiated PepYLCV-infecting local pepper from Karo Regency, Sumatra Utara, Indonesia. The research was conducted in January to October 2021 in farming land in Tongkoh Village, Dolat Rayat District, Karo Regency, Sumatra Utara, using non-Factorial Randomized Block Design. The mutation was induced by exposing the seeds of local chili to varied doses (D): 0 (uninfected seeds and unirradiated infected seeds), 150, 200 and 250 Gy and was performed using T-Test, replicated 3 times. The results of research showed that different doses of gamma rays significantly affected the mutant plants from the observation on its plant height, stem diameter, canopy and fruit lengths, fruit weight, number of branches, leaves and fruits. Plant induced with gamma ray 150 Gy found to have the longest canopy and fruit and also demonstrated the highest number of branches, flowers, leaves and the highest fruit weight compared to other higher doses. The exposure of gamma irradiation gave positive effect to infected chili to enhance their resistance in order to produce higher yield.

Estimation of genetic parameters for IPB genotype chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) resistant to begomovirus in Aceh

Begomovirus is a virus that infected chili plants that could result in a big loss. Begomovirus control is more effective by using resistant varieties. Resistant chili varieties were produced by evaluating chili plants resistance against Begomovirus infection. This study aims to determine the effective parameters for the selection of chili plants resistance against Begomovirus infection and to determine the genotype of curly chili plants that are resistant to Begomovirus infection. This research was conducted at Experimental Garden 2 and Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from November 2020 until June 2021. The planting material consisted of five genotypes, which is F10 120005-120-7-1-7-8-1-21-2, F10 120005-241-2-9-4-4-1-1, F10 120005-141-16-35-1-4-3-7, F10 120005-141-16-35-1-3-2-5, F10 120005-141-16-35-7-1-3-2 and odeng variety. This study was designed with a non-factorial randomized block design with three repetition continued with the LSD test if the analysis variance was significant. This study used data analysis using genetic variance and heritability values data. This study used the score or symptom type, disease intensity and incubation period as variables to measure chilli resistance to Begomovirus. The disease intensity variable is the most effective variable for the selection of chili resistance against Begomovirus infection based on broad-meaning heritability. Base on score or symptom type, disease intensity and incubation period variables, most resistant genotypes among the sample plant are genotypes F10 120005-120-7-1-7-8-1-21-2 and F10 120005-141-16-35-1-4-3-7 with disease intensity rate consecutively 15.88% and 13.79%.

Integration of rice-duck on growth and yield of paddy crops (Oryza sativa L.)

This study aims to examine the effect of the number of ducks on the growth and yield of paddy. This research was conducted in Paloh Village, Samalanga District, Bireuen Regency. This research started from July to November 2021. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments of this experiments were the number of ducks per hectare, namely control (without ducks), 1,200 ducks.ha−1(3 ducks/Plot), 1,600 ducks.ha−1 (4 ducks/Plot), 2,000 ducks.ha−1 (5 ducks/ha Plot), 2,400 ducks.ha−1 (6 ducks/Plot), and 2,800 ducks.ha−1 (7 ducks/Plot). The experimental plots size were 5.0 m x 5.0 m and each plot was fenced with plastics. The observation parameters are plant heights, number of tillers, weight of ducks, weed population, number of snails, panicles numbers, panicles length, filled grain weight, empty grain weight, 1000 grains weight, yield potential, and rice yield. The results of this study showed the number of duck on paddy crops had a very significant effect on the parameters of plant height and the number of tillers at 30, 45, and 60 days after planting, filled grain, yield potential, rice yield, duck weight, number of snails, but had no significant effect on the plant biomass (dry weight) parameters, panicles number, panicles length, empty grain weight, and 1000 grain weight and was able to suppress weed populations accurately.

THE EFFECT OF MUNG BEAN SPROUT EXTRACT AS A NATURAL PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE GROWTH OF SUGARCANE BUDCHIP (Saccharum officinarum L.) SEEDLINGS

This study aims to determine the effect of several concentrations of mung bean sprouts or bean sprouts extract on the growth of sugarcane bud chip seedlings, as well as to determine the most optimal concentration in stimulating the growth of sugarcane seedlings. Mung bean sprouts are known to contain the endogenous hormone auxin which can stimulate plant growth. This research was conducted using a non-factorial randomized block design. There are 5 concentration levels of bean sprout extract, including T0 (control), T1 (20%), T2 (40%), T3 (60%), T4 (80%). Parameters observed include the number of tillers, stem height, number of leaves, leaf length and root length. The results showed that bean sprout extract significantly affected the growth of seedlings from all parameters. The concentration of 20% bean sprout extract is the optimal concentration because it produces the highest number of tillers with an average of 8.80 tillers, the highest stem with an average of 18.00 cm, the largest stem diameter is 0.91 cm, the highest number of leaves is 8, 20 strands, the longest leaf is 73.3 cm, and the longest root is an average of 26.3 cm.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kandungan Fe dan Zn pada Beras dari Kultivar Padi Ladang di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

Field rice (paddy field) is one of the important crops/commodities and is an integral part of the dry land farming system in North Central Timor district. The content of rice is to meet the needs of carbohydrates in the body. The materials used are harvested grain from the local North Central Timor rice cultivar which has been carried out for the 2022 planting season. A total of 6 field rice in North Central Timor district were to be tested for Fe and Zn content. Grain samples were taken from crops grown in the same season and location, namely in the dry season of 2022. This study aims to identify local Timorese rice varieties that have high and stable Fe and Zn contents. The study was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor with a non-factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of 6 cultivar treatments V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 and V6 and the XRF Laboratory, BB Padi Sukamandi. Test the content of Fe and Zn using an XRF machine with an x-ray based performance system. A total of 6 types of field rice were tested for the content of Fe and Zn in brown and polished rice and repeated in duplicate. The content of Fe and Zn is expressed in units of ppm. Data processing was carried out using Excel and SAS 9 software. The results showed that there were differences in the growth and production components between the local Timor and East Timor upland rice cultivars. Cultivars with cultivar V2 (muit fua naek) productivity as seen from the t/ha yield of 3.20 tons per ha were significantly higher than the other cultivars. The results of the analysis of Fe and Zn content showed that cultivar V6 (Aen Mael) had the highest Fe content of 15.1 among the other cultivars, and the lowest was cultivar V4 (Aen Ek ELo) which had an Fe content of 13.0. The highest Zn content was in cultivar V5 (Aen Muit Fua Ana) with a Zn content of 27.9 while the lowest was in cultivar V2 (Muit Fua Naek) with a Zn content of 20.4.

The Effectiveness of Giving Various Planting Media to the Floating Raft Aquaponics System on the Growth of Shallots

Aquaponics consists of fish farming and plant maintenance. Water, which is a medium for fish cultivation, is used as a source of nutrition in plant maintenance, while plants function as a biofilter for water. This study used red onion seeds of the Sanren variety. This study was an experimental study using a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 1 treatment factor and 5 blocks. to get 20 research plots. Planting Media Factor with a symbol (M) which consists of 4 levels, namely: M1: Compost, M2: Chaff Charcoal, M3: Cocopeat, M4: Rice Husk. The results showed that the use of several growing media in the floating raft aquaponic system had a very significant effect on plant height (cm) and the number of leaves (strands).

Culinary Tourism Menu Variation in Mandalika Lombok through Pizza Making Innovation with the Addition of Coconut Oil

Mandalika Lombok is one of the super-priority tourism destinations in Indonesia. Culinary is one of the important elements needed by tourists, thus innovation and menu variations are needed. Pizza is one of the menus available at Mandalika Lombok, however, there are still not many variations. The availability of adequate and minimal use of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is one of the considerations for making innovations, namely making pizza with the addition of Virgin coconut oil (VCO), as an alternative and a variety of culinary tourism menus in Mandalika Lombok. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with organoleptic tests including hedonic quality tests and hedonic tests with concentrations of 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results of the analysis showed that the addition of Virgin coconut oil (VCO) had a significant effect on the Hedonic Quality Test (P0.05) and significantly affected the Hedonic Test (P0.05). The best treatment from the Hedonic Quality Test Results is T3 with a score of 4.20 and the best treatment in the Hedonic Test is T3 with a score of 4.46.

Pengaruh Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai Hitam (Glicine Max L ) dengan Sistem Vertikultur

This study aims to determine how the effect of the growth of black soybean plants (Glycine max L.) with a verticulture system. This research was conducted on Jl. Ekarasmi Gg. Ekanusa III Kec. Medan Johor, Medan City, from September to November 2022. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of one treatment factor with 3 levels and 6 repetitions, namely: M1 = 2 kg soil, M2 = 2: 1 (2 kg soil + 1 kg rice husk), and M3 = 2:1 (2 kg soil + 1 kg cocopeat). This research was designed by doing 6 repetitions. The parameters used in this study were plant height, leaf area index, total and total chlorophyll a b content, relative growth rate, N uptake, and number of root nodules. The results of this study were that the planting medium had a significant effect on almost every parameter but the planting medium had no significant effect on one parameter, namely N nutrient uptake, with levels of M1 and M3. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of planting media to the vegetative growth of black soybeans has an influence on the vegetative growth of black soybeans on almost all parameters, but on the parameters of nutrient absorption, black soybeans have no real effect with planting horticulture systems.

THE EFFECT OF WEED MANAGEMENT USING HERBICIDE ON CORN RESULTS (Zea mays L)

Weeds are undesired plants to grow so weed management is expected to overcome losses caused by weeds. One way to manage weeds using herbicides is the chemicals used for weed management in plants. This study aims to determine the influence of weed management using herbicides on corn yields. The research was conducted in Sekoci Village, Besitang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra in April-June 2021. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely contact, systemic, weeding and weeds without management. The results showed that herbicide management significantly affected 100 seed weight, cob weight per plot and seed weight per plot, but had no significant effect on weed without management. It indicates that the treatment of weed management using herbicides affects plant growth and yield. Weed management for farmers is very important to prevent competition for nutrients between weeds and corn.

RESPON TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomoea reptans Poir) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI TAKARAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI PO

The aim of this study was to determine the response of ground kale plants to various doses of PO cow manure and the best number of PO cow manure doses for growth and yield of ground kale plants. The research method used was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five levels, namely without cow manure PO 0 tons/ha (control), cow manure concentration PO 10 tons/ha, cow manure concentration PO 20 tons/ha, concentration of cow manure PO 30 tons/ha and concentration of cow manure PO 40 tons/ha. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the application of various doses of PO cow manure had no significant effect on the growth and yield of ground kale and the best number of PO cow manure doses was seen from the average observation parameter, namely at the concentration of PO cow manure of 20 tons/ha. Keywords: land kale, doses, cow manure PO

Utilization of Areca Nut Extract on the Control of the Golden Snail Pest (Pomacea canaliculata L), Growth and Production of Rice (Oriza sativa L).

This study aims to determine the effectiveness, the right dose to control the golden snail pest and the impact of its application on rice production. The study was conducted in Teupin Raya Village, Peusangan Siblah Krueng District from September to November 2022. The design used in this study was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The factor tested was areca nut extract with the following treatment: P0: Control, P1: Dose of 100 gr/ha P2: Dose of 150gr/ha P3: Dose of 200 gr/ha P4: Dose of 250 gr/ha P5: Dose of 300 gr/ha P6 : Dose of 350 gr/ha. Parameters observed were golden snail mortality, golden snail mortality, attack intensity, plant height (cm), number of tillers, panicle length (cm), and grain weight (g). The results showed that the treatment of various doses of areca extract on mortality, intensity and yield of rice plants had a very significant effect on plant height at 15 and 45 DAP, number of tillers at 15, 30, 45 DAP, panicle length, and grain weight and not significant effect on plant height at the age of 30 HST. The best treatment for the dose of areca extract on the effectiveness, growth and yield of rice plants was obtained in the P6 treatment at a dose of 350 g/plot.

Korelasi Antar Karakter Pertumbuhan dan Hasil lima Genotipe Jagung Manis (Zea mays L.var saccharata)

Korelasi Antar Karakter Pertumbuhan dan Hasil lima Genotipe Jagung Manis (Zea mays L.var saccharata)

Improvement of The Physical Properties of Rainfed Rice Soil in Sungai Rakyat Village, Panai Tengah Sub-District, Labuhanbatu District by Utilizing Municipal Waste into Compost

Utilization of organic matter is one very big step in increasing soil fertility and will determine soil productivity. The role of organic matter does not only play a role in providing plant nutrients but is far more important in improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. This is very related that through the application of organic matter, efforts can be made to rehabilitate degraded paddy soil. This research aims to provide organic matter to determine and rehabilitate its physical properties, Sungai Rakyat Village, Panai Tengah District, Labuhanbatu Regency. This research was conducted in Sungai Rakyat Village, Panai Tengah District, Labuhanbatu Regency with an altitude of ± 8 meters above sea level. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with doses of organic matter (S) City Garbage Compost treatment, which consisted of 5 (five) levels, namely: Control, 1.5% (42.70 tons/ha ), 3% (65.40 tonnes/ha), 4.5% (78.10 tonnes/ha), 6% (104.8 tonnes/ha). Provision of organic fertilizer, namely municipal waste compost as much as 42.70 tonnes/ha to 65.40 tonnes/ha, can improve soil properties in Sungai Rakyat Village, Panai Tengah District so that the soil organic matter content reaches 3%.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI JENIS MULSA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEMBANG KOL (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L) VARIETAS PM 126 F1

This study aims to determine the effect of various types of mulch on the growth and yield of cauliflower varieties PM 126 F1. To determine the effectiveness of various mulches compared to MPHP on the growth and yield of cauliflower varieties PM 126 F1. This research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Samudra University, Langsa City, Aceh Province with an altitude of ± 10 meters above sea level. This research was conducted from January to March 2022. This study was structured using a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK). The factors observed were several types of mulch, consisting of 13 mulch with 1 cauliflower variety PM 126 F1 which was repeated 3 times. Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, weight of plant stover, flower diameter, weight of plant flowers and production per hectare. The results showed that the type of mulch treatment significantly affected the parameters of plant height at 20 HST, number of leaves aged 20 HST and plant weight of wet stover at harvest. However, it did not significantly affect the parameters of flower diameter and plant flower weight and production per hectare at harvest. The best results were obtained by treatment M6 (empty palm oil bunches), M1 (MPHP), but equally good with M10 (broken bricks) and M11 (used cloth). To cultivate cauliflower plants it is recommended to use mulch of empty palm oil bunches, MPHP, broken bricks or used cloth

Respon Pemberian Liquid Organic Biofertilizer Urin Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the main food commodities after rice and corn. The need for soybeans in Indonesia is quite high. Soybeans are used as a basic ingredient for various processed foods such as tempeh, tofu, soy milk, tauco, snacks, and the soy sauce industry. Apart from being a food ingredient, soybeans are also used as industrial ingredients and animal feed. The high level of population consumption in Indonesia for soybeans and their processed products makes soybeans an ingredient sought by the community, therefore it is necessary to increase soybean productivity to meet domestic needs. One way to increase production while reducing inorganic fertilizers is the use of Liquid Organic Biofertilizer (LOB). This study aims to determine the effect of LOB on soybean growth and yield. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments with four replications. The treatments tested were: P0 = Without LOB, P1 = Concentration of 25 ml/l of water, P2 = Concentration of LOB 50 ml/l of water, P3 = Concentration of LOB 75 m/l of water, and P4 = Concentration of LOB 100 ml/l water, P5 = LOB concentration 125 ml/l water. The results showed that the application of Liquid Organic Biofertilizer of golden snails had a significant effect on plant height and number of leaves 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks, while the number of branches and the number of root nodules was effective at 6 weeks.

The use of oil palm fruits waste brickets and manure in relationship as groundwater resistance materials to increase plant growth in critical land

The catchment area of Lake Toba geologically has soil properties that are sensitive to erosion because the land is hilly or mountainous with very steep slopes, very shallow soil solum (< 30 cm) to shallow (30-60 cm). Even though the level of rainfall in this area is quite high, the slope of the land causes the soil to easily lose ground water by the earth's gravity. Similarly, the level of erodibility is also high. The purpose of this research is to take advantage of the high potential of oil palm bunches waste which allows it to be used as a water retaining material compared to manure. To facilitate transportation, these two types of organic water retaining materials are used as briquettes. The study was structured using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK). Where each type of organic matter used 6 treatments with 6 replications, namely without using briquettes (P0) Doses of 0.25 kg, 0.50 kg, 0.75 kg, 1.00 kg and 1.25 kg, with 6 replications. The results shows that the waste briquettes of oil palm fruit bunches have the ability to hold water and increase the growth of Macadamia integrifolia plants which is the same as the ability to use manure.

Microbial Characterization of Azotobacter sp Isolates From West Kalimantan in Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) on Peatlands

This study aims to characterize the microbial species Azotobacter sp from peat soil in West Kalimantan, which can bind N, dissolve nutrients P, K and produce indole compounds. This research was carried out in the plant pest and disease laboratory, agronomy laboratory and greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four levels of treatment. Inoculation of Azotobacter sp isolates was without inoculation of Azotobacter sp isolate (a0), inoculation of WH.3.2.d (a1) isolate, inoculation of Azotobacter sp isolate WH.2.4 (a2), inoculation of Azotobacter sp WH.3.1.l (a3). The study was carried out from September to November 2021. The results showed that Azotobacter sp inoculation significantly affected the parameters of vigor index, growth synchronously, primary root length, wet weight of normal sprouts, and plant height in the greenhouse. From the bioassay test results on seeds and growth testing for 15 days in a greenhouse, the two best isolates were obtained, namely WH.2.4 and WH.3.1.l isolates.

Efektivitas Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair Urine Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pre Nursery

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the application of liquid organic fertilizer in cow urine on the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings in early nurseries. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of ITSI Medan. This research was conducted for 3 months. Starting from August 2021–October 2021. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method consisting of 5treatments with 5 replications, so the number of samples was 25 seeds. Parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot wet weight and root wet weight. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by DMRT and ANOVA tests. The results of this study indicate that the application of liquid organic fertilizer cow urine has an effect on the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings in early nurseries with the best dose of 20 ml cow urine. The standard gave some significant and very significant effects on stem height, stem diameter, number of leaves, but had no effect on wet weight and dry weight. Keywords:urine, pre nursery, poc

EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA TUMBUH COCOPEAT TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.) DALAM POT

This study aims to determine the production yield of cayenne papper (capsicum frutescens L.) using cocopeat growing media in pots. The method used in this study was a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) using cocopeat as a planting medium whit a level of A0: rop soil + goat manure (9 kg/pot + 1 kg/pot), A1 : cocopeat + goat manure (5 kg/pot + 1 kg/pot), A2 : top soil + cocopeat + goat manure ( 5 kg/pot + 5 kg/pot + 1 kg/pot). Based on the results of research that has been carried out, cocopeat planting media 5 kg/pot + goat manure 1 kg/pot is the best combination of planting media from all planting media treatments that have been tested in this tudy, the number of flower the number of productive branches, the number of fruit, and fruit weigh of cayenne pepper. It is recommended to use a maxture of cocopeat an goat manure growing media (A1 treatment) and soak the cocopeat longer than what has been done ( 3 days). Key words: cayenne pepper, cocopeat, produktivity