Model Of Critical Discourse Analysis Research Articles

Ideology and cognitive stereotypes in media representation of the Russia–Ukraine conflict

This study investigates the representation of the Russia–Ukraine conflict by two state-owned Russian news media and two state-owned Ukrainian news media, namely Izvestia, Russia Today, Ukrinform and Dzerkalo Tyzhnia. The aim of this investigation is to determine the ideologies embedded in the news reports and discourse structures, and strategies deployed in portraying the conflict actors and their actions. Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (see Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 1998; New(s) racism: A discourse analytical approach, 2000; and Politics, ideology, and discourse, 2006) and Martin and White’s Appraisal Framework of attitude and graduation (see The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English, 2005) served as the theoretical frameworks. Using Critical Discourse Analysis as the analytical framework, the study examines how attitudinal and evaluative language use are employed to enact ideologies and to portray biased presentations of conflict actors. The findings reveal that the media reports of the Russia–Ukraine conflict are laden with militarism and nationalism. Discourse structures and strategies of emotive verbs, evaluative adjectives, positive self-presentation, negative other-presentation, national self-glorification, actor description, comparison and number games are powerful tools for enacting ideologies. The media representation of the Russia–Ukraine conflict lacked conflict resolution embedded linguistic frames and is rather distorted, stereotypic and conflict-inciting.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of King Khalid University Students’ Translation of Untranslatability in Islamic Religious Texts

The present study studies King Khalid University students’, majoring in English language, translation of Islamic religious texts and untranslatability. It explores the interrelation of discourse structures and translational structures of the students’ translation. The study utilizes the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model to unmask the use of translational strategies through Islamic religious texts. It also analyzes the relational values of the language configuration in terms of wordings, equivalence, and grammatical structures of the students’ translation. Furthermore, this study tries to show that there are linguistic traces that depict the strategies of translation. The study is a linguistic study revealing how language is utilized in the translation of Islamic religious texts, and it is based on a descriptive-analytic method adopting the critical discourse analysis model presented by Norman Fairclough and van Dijk’s ideological discourse analysis framework. The study sample includes the students’ translational work. The findings of the present study entail that the students translate untranslated items of abbreviated words in the Quran using transliteration, and they rely on language power modulation. The study recommends that students should be taught a discourse analysis course in the academic program before the course of translation III, which is composed of strategies for the translation of Islamic religious texts.

Discourse-Based Teaching in English Language Teaching at Islamic Universities in Borneo: A Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective

This critical discourse analysis aims to uncover what ideologies emerge in English language teaching at Islamic universities in Borneo, explain how discourse-based teaching is implemented, and why discourse-based teaching is necessary for English language teaching at Islamic universities in Borneo. This is qualitative phenomenological research using Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The primary data sources for this research are English language lecturers and college students at universities in Borneo, namely UIN Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda, UIN Antasari Banjarmasin, IAIN Palangkaraya, and IAIN Pontianak. The researcher used several research instruments to collect the data: interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is the interactive model from Miles et al. with the stages of data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion. This research concludes that English language education at Islamic universities in Borneo has an ideology of character development, influenced by several factors such as the shift in character values, the spirit of nationalism, and political policies of the Ministry of Religion to maintain national unity with a religious moderation agenda, and the vision to develop graduates who have solid Islamic character. In addition, English language education aims not only to master English language skills but also to compete in the era of information technology with critical thinking skills. Therefore, English language teaching at Islamic universities in Borneo is based on a discourse approach, from lesson planning and teaching implementation to teaching evaluation. This research implies that English language teaching should not only focus on English language skills or TEFL content but also on achieving learning outcomes from the goals of the study program, students’ needs, and the roles of lecturers as educators of Islamic and national character values.

Identification of Social Strata through Spoon Class Theory In the Parasite Film

Film is one of the works that can be used as a medium for communication and the delivery of messages and meanings, both implicit and explicit through an engaging storyline. Along with the development of films, particularly in South Korea, more diversified and excellent films and dramas are being made are. Parasite is a 2019 South Korean film directed by Bong Joon-ho and won the Oscar 2020. This film represents the social gap in the lives of The Kim Ki Taek’s and The Park Dong Ik’s in contemporary South Korea. The Parks are affluent family with a large house and live in upscale housing. The Kim’s, however, are poor family of four who reside in an overcrowded home that resembles a semi-basement. The story begins with Kim Ki Woo, the son of The Kim’s, who joins The Park’s as an English teacher. Eventually, he succeeds in bringing his entire family to work for The Kim’s and conducts a number of frauds and crimes. We are interested in researching this film because of the storyline which describes contemporary living, and the presentation of the clean cinematography. This study aims to look at the identification of social strata in South Korea through spoon class theory through this film by examining the process of nonverbal communication and stereotypes. In this qualitative descriptive study, the social context, text, and social cognition of films are examined using the Teun Van Dijk model of critical discourse analysis to analyse. The data is collected by watching the entire film.Keywords: Nonverbal Communication; South Korean film; Spoon Class Theory; Stereotype; Teun Van Dijk

Analisis Wacana Presiden Tiga Periode Perspektif Van Dijk Di Instagram Tvonenews

The researchers carried out the analysis was on news related to the three-term presidential discourse on the Instagram Tvonenews study 22 and 26 March 2021 using Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model. Based on this, there are 2 research focuses that the researcher will do here. First, how is the text structure of the three-term Presidential discourse on Tvonenews Instagram, second, how is social cognition and social context in the three-term Presidential discourse on Tvonenews Instagram. This study uses a qualitative research approach. Meanwhile, the type of research is library research. This study discusses the text, social cognition and social context of Tvonenews' Instagram posts related to the three-term Presidential discourse using the theory of critical discourse analysis by Teun A. Van Dijk. The source of the data that the researcher obtained was through the process of documentation and observation from Tvonenews Instagram posts related to the three-term presidential discourse.

»Ne srljajte kao guske u maglu!« Kritička analiza diskursa govora političkoga lidera na primjeru govora Stjepana Radića od 24./25. studenoga 1918. godine u Narodnom vijeću

Political discourse is a set of all speech acts that are determined and articulated in the form of verbal formations, whereby their content, subject and addressee fall under the purview of politics. Using Van Dijk’s model of critical discourse analysis, the paper demonstrates one of the possibilities of an integrated approach to qualitative research in historiography using Radić’s most famous speech as an example, which has not yet attracted the attention of communication studies and historiography to be adequately analyzed, interdisciplinarily evaluated, and syncretistically interpreted.

“Still Watching Cartoons?” Infantilization of Young Anime Fans in India: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Animated content is primarily included in the children’s shows category in India. As a result, young adult and adult Indian anime fans are affected by this categorization. To explore their sociocultural experiences in Indian society, fan responses to three questions – posted on Quora, an online question and answer (Q&A) platform – were critically analyzed using Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis. The three Quora questions selected for the study were What is it like being an anime fan in India? What is it like to be a manga and anime lover in India? And, why most of the people in India think that anime is for kids? The analysis revealed infantilization of Indian anime fans, mostly young adults or adults. Findings disclosed marginalization of and discrimination against Indian anime fans by the conservative older generation who look at any East Asian popular media from a racially biased lens. Invisibilization, mystification and stereotyping marked the discourse on Indian female anime fans who may not participate extensively in the male-dominated anime fan community on the online fora but consume anime by subversion and negotiated readings.

ANALISIS WACANA PEMBERITAAN MEDIA ONLINE KOMPAS. COM MENGENAI KASUS RAFAEL TRISAMBODO

The problem to be studied in this research is how the discourse is developed in the online news of Rafael Trisambodo case. This research aims to describe the text structure (macro structure and microstructure, social cognition, and social context in online news discourse). The method used is descriptive qualitative with Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model with reading and writing data collection techniques. Two strategies were carried out when analyzing the study data, namely identifying, clarifying, and interpreting the data. Researchers analyzed one trending news discourse, the Rafael Trisambodo case. Based on the findings of this study, it is known that the text illustrates the involvement of several discourse elements, namely semantic aspects, syntactic aspects, and lexicon stylistics. So that the description of the critical discourse analysis study is seen from the three discourse structures of Van Dijk's model and its elements regarding the text of the Rafael Trisambodo case. From the whole discourse critically analyzed in the online news text, the dialect in the news related to social cognition is used to influence and emphasize the Rafael Trisambodo case.

The Manipulation of Pakistani News Media Using Deletion in News Reports of Rape Cases

This study aims at investigating the manipulation strategy of Pakistani news media coverage by using ‘deletion’ from macrostructure for promoting victim blaming in rape cases. The study uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model of Van Dijk to examine the data collected from the most prominent Pakistani newspapers such as Dunya News, ARY News, Geo News, Dawn News, and The Express Tribune. The data was collected from their official websites. The study examined the impact of news media in reporting rape cases by using Van Dijk’s macrostructure model of CDA. The findings of the study revealed that the news media consciously uses ‘deletion’ as one of the four elements of macrostructure to conceal the truth in reporting the rape cases. One the basis of findings, the study recommends certain measures to minimize the issue of biased media coverage and victim blaming in Pakistan.

Analisis Wacana Kritis Tanggapan Megawati terhadap Persoalan Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng


 Megawati Soekarnoputri is the 5th former president of Indonesia and currently serves as chairman of the PDIP party. As an influential politician in Indonesia, all his actions and words can influence public opinion. At the online webinar entitled "Prevent Stunting for Golden Generation", Megawati alluded to the condition of the people who are facing the problem of scarcity of cooking oil. He responded to this problem by assuming that the community's reaction was excessive regarding the problem of scarcity of cooking oil. As a result of her response, Megawati received various criticisms from the public through various media. This research will focus on Megawati's response with the aim of knowing linguistic elements, the process of text production and consumption, as well as the socio-cultural conditions of society. This qualitative research uses the critical discourse analysis model of Norman Fairclough which divides the analysis into three dimensions, namely text analysis, discourse practice analysis and sociocultural analysis. The research results show that there are several cohesions and coherences that shape discourse and diction which indicate the communicator's view of the audience, the process of text production and consumption goes according to the topic being discussed but there are statements that make some groups feel unacceptable and the way of delivery is not wearing it, and social and cultural background that influences the formation of discourse and the response it receives because the discourse has something to do with sociocultural situations.
 Keywords : Critical Discourse Analysis, Megawati, Discourse.

From growth obsession to ecological promotion: The discursive construction of party image in Chinese political discourse on ecological civilization

The traditional definition of party image as being distinct, fixed, and receiver-determined, has been replaced by the understanding that party image is invested with more dynamic and complex features and is dialectically constructed by discourse to influence public perceptions. By adopting Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of critical discourse analysis, this study explores party images and how they are discursively constructed in CPC’s political discourse on ecological civilization. The discourse analysis reveals that five images have prominently been constructed: the goal-setter of future blueprints, lesson-taker of past development pattern, the coordinator of ecology and economy, the determined fighter against environmental disruption, and the systematic governor of ecological path. They are constructed through varying linguistic devices such as recontextualization, high-frequency repetition, and conceptual metaphors. The images and their construction are born out of the social cognition, the outcome of political system, changes of historical conditions, economic status, and cultural model, among which the emerging Chinese ideology of ‘moderate green’, and the consistent ideologies man is an integral part of nature (天人合一, tian ren he yi), Doctrine of the Mean (中庸之道, zhongyong zhidao), people-centeredness, and collectivism play a dominant role. This study helps find the fluidity of party images.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TEUN A. VAN DIJK'S APPROACH TO THE NEWS ARTICLE "SPREAD OF PMK, MUI CENTRAL JAVA REVEALS LEGITIMATE CONDITIONS FOR SACRIFICIAL ANIMALS"

Towards the celebration of Eid al-Adha in 2022, there was a lot of discussion in the media, both print and online, about the outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in livestock. The purpose of this research is (1) to describe the text structure of the news according to the critical discourse analysis approach by Teun A. Van Dijk, and (2) to describe the characteristics of critical discourse analysis in the news text. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research method using Teun Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The data source for this research was a news article titled "Critical Discourse Analysis using Teun A. Van Dijk's Approach on the News 'FMD Outbreak, Central Java MUI Reveals Conditions for Valid Sacrificial Animals'" published on jatengprov.go.id (Central Java Provincial Government Public Relations and Protocol Office) in June 2022. The data collection technique involved reading and note-taking. The data analysis used in this research was qualitative data analysis using an interactive model. The analysis process consisted of three steps: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) verification or conclusion. These three steps of data analysis were interconnected and had a sequential relationship. The results of the research showed that (1) the text structure of the news aligned with Van Dijk's theoretical structure, which includes macro structure, supra-text structure, and micro-text structure, and (2) based on the characteristics of critical discourse analysis, such as action, context, history, power, and ideology, several opinions in the newspaper text writing could be influenced. Keywords: Discourse analysis, Foot and Mouth Disease, Teun A. Van Dijk.

ANALYSIS OF EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION IN THE MYSTERY NEWS OF BRIGADIER JOSUA'S DEATH, NEW FACTS REVEALED, BHARADA E ADMITS BEING ORDERED TO KILL BASED ON THEO VAN LEEUWEN'S MODEL

Today's phenomena or events regarding ideology, politics, economy, society, culture, and law can easily be known through print or electronic mass media coverage. The objectives of this research are: 1) to determine who is marginalized by the Bangka pos.com mass media in their coverage of the Mystery of Brigadier Josua's death, New Facts: Bharada E Admits to Being Ordered to Kill, and 2) to analyze the language strategies used based on Theo Van Leeuwen's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The research method employed in this study is descriptive. The research objects are news texts regarding the murder of Brigadier Josua in online mass media outlets, specifically Bangka pos.com on August 8, 2022, and epanrita.net on Monday, August 8, 2022. The findings of the two news articles indicate that the content of the Bangka pos.com news marginalizes Bharada E as the murderer of Brigadier Josua. The content of the news article on epanrita.net on August 8, 2022, titled "Revealed! Bharada E's Confession: Ordered by Superiors to Kill Brigadier J," marginalizes Bharada E as well but introduces another actor that suggests Bharada E is no better than Brigadier Ricky Rizal. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that discourse operates to define something, legitimize something, and blame others. Keywords: exclusion, inclusion, Theo Van Leeuwen's model

Islamophobia in the Reporting of Siti Elina in Tempo.Co: A Critical Discourse Analysis Study

The mass media constructs events into news. It is not uncommon for the mass media to create a phobia effect in society when constructing certain events. This study aims to describe, interpret, and reveal Tempo.co's strategies in promoting Islamophobia in reporting on Siti Elina, a woman who brandished a gun in front of Istana Merdeka. This is a critical qualitative research. The research data is in the form of diction suspected to contain elements of Islamophobia. The data source is news on the Tempo.co online media that aired from October 25-28, 2022, and five articles were selected. Data collection used the observation method with the free participant observation technique and note-taking technique. After the data was collected, it was analyzed using the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA) model by Norman Fairclough. The results of this study indicate that (a) in the text analysis dimension, Tempo.co constructs Islamophobia towards Islamic clothing and attributes, Islamic organizations, Islamic teachings, and Islamic religious teachers; (b) in the discourse practice analysis dimension, Tempo.co marginalized the issue by reporting on Siti Elina's case in an unbalanced manner; (c) in the sociocultural analysis dimension, the Islamophobic discourse produced by Tempo.co cannot be separated from the political interests involved.

Exploring Stigmatizing Discourses of Mental Illness in Pakistani Newspapers through CDA Lens in Psychology

Mental health stigma remains a significant challenge in Pakistan, contributing to negative attitudes, behaviours and outcomes for people with mental illness. The present study aims to analyse stigmatizing discourses of mental illness in Pakistani English newspapers using the three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). A sample of newspaper headlines published between 2015 and 2023 was selected and analysed using the CDA framework. The results revealed that stigmatizing discourses were prevalent in these newspapers including labelling, anthologizing, stereotyping and marginalizing. These discourses reflected broader social and cultural factors such as cultural norms, beliefs and power relations. The findings also highlight the need for more effective policies and interventions aimed at reducing mental health stigma in Pakistan and promoting a more inclusive understanding of mental illness. The study also provides valuable insights into the role of the media in shaping public perceptions towards mental illness in Pakistan and can inform the development of more responsible media practices as well as more comprehensive mental health policies.

The Images of the First Lady of China and South Korea at the G20 Summit in Bali by Several Online Media

Online media is one of the most influential sources of information for today's society. This aim of this study is to reveal the image of the first lady of China and of South Korea based on the online news collected from the G20 Summit in Bali. The research data were the corpus from the online media texts collected from fragments of several online news which show the different images of the two first ladies (China and South Korea). The data were analyzed using three dimensions of Fairclough’s model of critical discourse analysis. Based on the study of text analysis, discursive practice, and socio-culture practice, the study shows that there are different images depicted by the online news for those ladies. Peng Liyuan, the first lady of China, is portrayed as a diligent person, enthusiasm for participating in various social activities. This image is closely related to China's image in Indonesia as one of the most developed countries after the United States. In different perspective, many media highlighted the physical beauty possessed by the first lady of South Korea, Kim Keon Hee. This image is directly proportional to the popularity of Korean dramas, which are very popular in Indonesian society today. One of the attractions of these dramas is the beautiful f aces of the actresses.

A critical study of ideologies in selected Boko Haram videos

Boko Haram insurgency has threatened the existence of Nigeria as the group has wrecked serious havoc on different parts of the country. This group has constantly claimed to stand against some issues, ideas, people, doctrines, and systems. They have demonstrated this in their activities. To further their engagements, they periodically release videos to the public and these videos communicate layers of meaning and ideologies. This study, therefore, highlights and discusses the ideologies inherent in Boko Haram Video. A total of five videos were selected from the Sahara Reporters TV, Premium Times, and legit.ng using a purposive sampling technique. The study adopted Fairclough’s Three Dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis as its theoretical leaning. Findings revealed that Boko Haram used both verbal and nonverbal semiotic resources in conveying their ideologies. Words like “infidels, tyrants, idiots, pagans and thieves” are used by Abubakar Shekau to show the negative out-group polarity of others while discourse elements like “we follow Allah, we obey Qur’an” are used to show positive in-group polarity. Various shots and expressions convey Boko Haram ideologies including monotheism, absolutism, anti-westernism, and masculinism. The study concludes that the semiotic resources used in Boko Haram videos covertly convey ideologies, power, (mis)representation and hegemony. Therefore, it is cogent that Nigeria’s federal government and the Nigerian military pay attention to the understanding of the operational ideologies of Boko Haram for effective deradicalisation of the sect and successful eradication of Boko Haram insurgency.

The Concepts of Discourse and the Theoretical Genealogy of Discourse Analysis

Discourse analysis has become an important research approach in humanities and social sciences, involving a wide range of disciplines, schools and theories. Among the research literatures, which are named “discourse” or “discourse analysis”, there are significant differences in conceptual connotation and analysis frameworks, which are actually different from the theoretical origin and genealogy. In early studies, in view of structural linguistics, discourse is defined as “language above the sentence”, and discourse analysis is focused on the structure of language. The discourse analysis from the functional perspective emphasizes the use of language, highlighting the language users, the purpose and intention of the language users, or the situational context, including form/function analysis and context analysis. In social science, in approach of post-structuralism, discourse is “a form of social practice in which language plays a central role”, and discourse analysis is dedicated to revealing the social contradictions, conflicts and fairness, as well as the constructive role of discourse in the macro-social, cultural and historical process. The convergence of functional perspective and post-structuralist paradigm of discourse analysis has led to critical discourse analysis, an interdisciplinary field which inherits the post-structuralist view of language, cares about social practice, and at the same time attaches importance to linguistic texts. van Dijk's “Discourse-Cognitive-Social” analysis model, Wodak's “Discourse/History” critical discourse analysis model, and Fairclough's “Social event, Social practice, and Social structure" analytical framework are the typical representatives of critical discourse analysis.

Discourse on Sukarno's Narrative in History Textbooks: Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis of the 3rd Grade History Textbook Curriculum 1975

The construction of an understanding of Sukarno is strongly influenced by how the discourse about Sukarno is produced. Discourse about Sukarno can only be traced through texts documenting the narrative about Sukarno. This study aims to describe how Sukarno is contained in the text. This research uses Qualitative research methods with a Critical Discourse Analysis approach. Critical Discourse Analysis uses Norman Fairclough's model with a model framework, namely, Text analysis, Discourse practice, and Sociocultural practice. The results of this study showed that: (1) texts about Sukarno in the Indonesian history textbook chapter of Guided Democracy in the 1975 curriculum were studied in the early stages, namely text analysis by looking at the relationship between words; (2) The text data that has been obtained is then analyzed using the second stage, namely Discourse practice, which is a stage to see how the production and consumption of the text; (3) The last stage in Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis model is Sociocultural practice, which is a stage where it looks at external influences in influencing a discourse.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Edible Oil Companies Advertisements

Media, nowadays, is an essential factor, and it evokes the feelings of the readers and viewers. People nowadays are more concerned about the issues and events happening in the country and worldwide. Media depicts the picture of the entire world to every individual, and it also shapes their ideas. This study aimed to analyze Pakistani edible oil company advertisements from the perspective of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The study ascertained how advertisers convince customers to buy the products using certain linguistic choices in a specific context. In order to achieve this purpose, the researcher selected ads from a Pakistani edible oil company named Kashmir Premium Gold Oil. The theoretical framework opted for this study was Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (1993). This framework has been used as it shows the connection between social practices and the properties of language. Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework includes three levels of discourse: text, discursive practices, and social practices. The findings show how the ideology of the consumer can be changed by repetition of the advertisement in popular local TV channels and local magazines. The advertisements show an ideal lifestyle and manipulate the customers’ mindset that whatever they have been shown and said through advertisement is true as the advertiser makes them realize that the product was only for their health and better life. Thus, the current study revealed that the language used in the advertisements served as a tool to control the minds of the people.