Model Of Critical Discourse Analysis Research Articles

Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri ve İngilizce Çevirisi Üzerine Cinsiyet Söylem Analizi

The Book of Dede Korkut is a Turkish epic significant in Turkish history, literature, and culture. It comprises a prologue and twelve epic stories that tell the lifestyles, customs, and traditions of Oghuz Turks. Up to the present, The Book of Dede Korkut has been translated into English three times, firstly by Sumer, Uysal, and Walker (1972), secondly by Lewis (1974), and lastly by Mirable (1990). It is a work rich in gender roles such as heroism, bravery, manhood, womanhood, fertility, and maternal instincts. For this reason, the present study utilizes Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model to highlight the deviations in translating the selected extracts involving gender discourse. The corpus consists of Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri by Orhan Şaik Gökyay (1938) and its English translation by Geoffrey Lewis in 1974. Additionally, the research findings have been evaluated within the scope of Gideon Toury’s (1995) translation norms. As a result, it has been observed that the translator tries to balance the two cultures, but in some cases, subjects himself to the norms that are active in the target culture. In this regard, the findings reveal that the translator is closer to the acceptability pole, besides proving that the target text cannot be merely adequate/acceptable.

From Rhetoric to Posture: a Comparative Study of George W. Bush, Barack H. Obama and Donald J. Trump’s Stances Towards DPRK Nuclear Issue

This article explores the postures of the last three former US presidents towards North Korean nuclear issue. The study applies Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA) model as a new approach to examine this topic. By analyzing 17 speech corpuses, this study sheds light on the foreign policy adapted G. W. Bush, Obama, and Trump to address North Korea Nuclear issue. Theoretically, the study uses both Waltz’s foreign policy analysis model and Aristotle modes of persuasion to analyze the findings. It also clarifies the original foundations of each presidents’ foreign policy based on the four American IR school of thoughts. Results indicate that the legacy of the Cold War continues to shape and influence the stances of US presidents toward DPRK, despite the differences in their rhetorical and political strategies. While this study focuses individually on presidents as the main unit of analysis, future studies can further expand the use of CDA analysis to examine the stances of other key decision makers in the presidents’ administration to fully understand the relation between discourses and power structure.

Critical discourse analysis of the second inaugural speech of Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed

The purpose of the study is to investigate language use in Abiy Ahmed’s second inaugural speech. The study aims to identify the critical discourse analysis elements reflected in the text, as well as the specific socio-cognitive elements used to facilitate communication. To meet these objectives, the study employs CDA as a research method and theoretical framework. As analytical frameworks, Van Dijk’s multidimensional critical discourse analysis and socio-cognitive model were used. The study revealed that at micro-level analysis, lexical items, pronouns, figures of speech, and sayings were used to construct unity—the dominant ideology. Similarly, themacrostructure analysis has shown that topics and macro structures were designed to show unity ideology. To create a unity discourse, cognitive elements such as authority, evidentiality, polarization, and victimization were used by the speaker. However, the text represents the in-groups positively and the out-groups negatively. In short, the language used in the inaugural speech has been used to build unity discourse. The speaker used history as a source of unifying rhetorical devices to persuade the audience and to achieve, exert, and maintain power over them. Furthermore, Abiy’s inaugural speech is primarily comprised of praise for his inner circle and criticism for his outer circle.

THE REPRESENTATION OF JOKO WIDODO IN THE JAKARTA POST'S ARTICLE: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

This study revealed the representation of Joko Widodo as one of the presidential candidates in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in one of the The Jakarta Post's articles. The data was one of The Jakarta Post's articles entitled 'Jokowi accuses Prabowo's team for enlisting foreign consultant'. The theories used in this study were Halliday and Matthiessen's Transitivity (2014) and Fairclough's three Dimension of Critical Discourse Analysis model. The findings have shown positive representations of Joko Widodo. The representations can be seen from the processes used imbued in newspaper discourse. Furthermore, this positive representation can influence voters to determine the selection in the presidential election.

Critical Discourse Analysis as a Literature Learning Model

Literature in the past became the main entertainment that was very popular with the community, literature was used for various purposes, such as education, writing history, or spreading teachings. Align with the development of technology; printed literature has been displaced by other entertainment through electronic media. However, literature remains a good medium for teaching as well as entertainment. Therefore, literature needs to be preserved and taught continuously to the next generations. This paper intends to examine the benefit to study literature with a literary model of critical discourse analysis. Through critical discourse analysis, students are ultimately expected to be accustomed for being critical and creative in responding to various phenomena and meanings contained in literary, as a product of the nation's culture. Students' understanding of the various meanings and values contained in literary discourse is the main priority of this critical discourse analysis model.

Analisis Wacana Kritis Femvertising Dalam Iklan Instagram MKS Shoes Edisi “What Makes Us Women”


 This study examines the femvertising discourse contained in the MKS Shoes advertisement in the What Makes Us Women edition. The depiction of the female figure is still synonymous with the practice of femininity where gender stereotypes still apply to divide the characteristics that women and men should have. The making of a text contains a certain discourse. The production of the text is also aimed at influencing a certain ideological construction which is in line with the interests of the text producer. This research will be examined through the critical discourse analysis model of Norman Fairclough which focuses on the text dimension, the dimension of discourse practice, and the dimension of sociocultural practice. The results of this study show that there is a femvertising discourse in advertisements through the five pillars of femvertising essence and the linkages of social construction conditions in gender stereotypes towards women which are the background for the production of this advertisement.
 Keywords: Femvertising, Streotypes, Women, Discourse Analysis

MULTILINGUISTICISM IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF TRANSPORTATION IN KUPANG

This article discusses the language form and the symbolic function of quotes or slogans on transportation around Kupang city. The data of this study were collected directly from the transportation around the streets. They were analyzed using qualitative methods, while the symbolic functions were analyzed using a critical discourse analysis model. It found that land transportation uses multi-languages, English, Indonesian, Kupang Malay, Uab Meto (Dawan), Rote, Sabu, Hebrew, Latin, and Betawi. Some use a particular style of language, such as p27den, and a combination of two or more languages or dialects. English is the most dominant language used. The lack of local languages shows massive cultural changes and people's attitudes toward local languages. The linguistic unit consists of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and acronyms. English is dominant in each linguistic unit except in acronyms. The quotes represent six themes: love, religion, music, power, family, and regionalism. In general, They carry two functions, power relations, and identity.

INTERPRETASI PEREMPUAN KEPALA KELUARGA DI CYBER JOURNALISM BERDASARKAN SARA MILLS MODEL OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

This research is elaborated with the intention of examining and critiquing whether cyber journalism today still exhibits a patriarchal attitude. Qualitative is a method applied by the Sara Mills Model of Critical Discourse Analysis as the basis for data analysis. The study results found that SindoNews.com is marginalized women-headed (widows) in their reporting. From January to March 2022, it was found that there were 60 news headlines about widows and 9 (nine) news headlines about widowers on the website. SindoNews.com reports in an unbalanced manner by disclosing the current percentage of widows but does not report the percentage of widowers in the same portion of news. In fact, when a divorce occurs, is not only the status of a widow, but also a widower. Then there are some news stories that discuss widowers and widows in the same portion of the news, but the titles that are highlighted are only widow status. SindowNews.com seems to prefer frying the word widow as the selling point of the news here. In addition, the status of widows was also found to be interpreted with negative tendencies, such as seductive names, thirst for sex life, women who should be pitied, perpetrators of crime, easy women, and other wild meanings. Based on the journalistic code of ethics, especially in articles (1) and (3), this kind of reporting is not feasible because the aspect of balance still needs to be fulfilled. However, the author does not deny that SindoNews.com also reports on widow cases with a positive tendency, although the intensity is small.

A pragma-discourse analysis of language manipulation for suppression: absence of male voice in female writings

The study examines language manipulation to conceal the victimization, suppression, and oppression of males. The dissembled side of the language has been dissected by qualitative data. Two female authors’ Bapsi Sidhwa and Anita Desai, texts were selected and analyzed to find the manipulation of language. Marginalized masculinity theory by Connell (1995) and Fairclough’s (1989) critical discourse analysis model were applied, and thematic analysis as an approach was used. In the second phase, data was analyzed pragmatically using inference and implicature techniques to hit on the hidden side of the story. Findings reveal that language is manipulated to highlight female victimization while concealing male victimization. Female writers frequently use their oppression to blame the male gender. The social interpretation of the text reveals that both genders suffer equally and have equal rights, which should be discussed and highlighted. This study recommends that victimization, suppression, and oppression can also be studied from the male perspective. It will be helpful for future researchers to speak out about the most ignorant and repressed gender in society.

Defining Political Ideologies: The Media Representation of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf with Reference to Panama Leaks

The Panama Leaks issue has created a hassle in the whole world, naming individuals, groups and companies. The issue has been equally chanted in the Pakistani Media, both print as well as electronic. Through this issue, individuals having major positions both at an official and national level have been put under fire. The Editorials written by both Daily Dawn and The News represent an insightful analysis and give their expert opinion on the issue. According to McCombs (1972), it is the role of the media to present the interesting aspects of the political parties and to convey the reason for a political campaign to gather public support. Van Dijk (1997) has provided his model for Critical Discourse Analysis in which he has illustrated some of the categories which, according to him, are essential for CDA studies. He is of the view that it often happens that the writer sometimes hides the agent and his identity if the agent is doing something wrong. He has given the concept of self and others. The newspapers framed two major ideologies one was of PTI, and the other was of PML-N. PTI’s ideology was to hold a strong opposition to the case leaving no way out for the Sharifs. On the other hand, Sharif’s announced their resolve to accept the decision of the court amid strong opposition.

Propaganda and Political Memes on Social Media in the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election

Political memes colored the 2019 Indonesian presidential election campaign on social media. Political memes have become one of the propaganda strategies to influence public opinion to gain political support from the public before the presidential election. This study aims to analyze and understand political memes as a medium of political propaganda in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. This study uses critical discourse analysis to uncover the meaning behind the text. The data collection technique uses documentation in the form of political memes of the two presidential candidates, both in images and political symbols scattered on social media in the January – March 2019 period. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model to find out the meaning of the text. This study indicates that social media plays an essential role in political communication in the 2019 presidential election campaign. Social media is a cheap and fast means of spreading political memes that reach potential voters widely and massively. Through political memes, Joko Widodo often talks about having links with the Indonesian Communist Party. Meanwhile, Prabowo Subianto is often spoken of by his political opponents as a supporter of the caliphate in Indonesia. These political memes are used as political propaganda to construct or deconstruct political presidential candidates' discourse and build or damage the reputation of presidential candidates to influence public opinion.

RELATIONSHIP OF POWER OF MC AND ADVERTISING COMMUNITY IN INCREASING BRANDING AT HOTEL BATU KARANG RESORT LEMBONGAN NUSA PENIDA BAL

Power Relations of Marketing Communication and Advertising Community. Advertising is one of the main commodities that becomes a bridge for producers to colonize and control the mindset of consumers. Various ways are taken by manufacturers so that their products sell well in the market. Starting from using famous actresses in advertisements, to giving promises that their products are the best and quality products. This research uses a qualitative approach with Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model. This type of research is observational research. The method used in this research is descriptive. The data in the text of this study are in the form of hotel advertisement images obtained from elections on the Batu Karang Instagram media. The research instrument is the researcher himself and the data collection technique is done by giving questionnaires to 15 managers in different areas at the Batu Karang Hotel. The results of this study found that (1) Advertising is one of the tools used by producers in offering their products, so that information about the product will arrive quickly and be easily remembered by consumers. (2) With the advertisement submitted on Instagram, it greatly affects the Branding of Hotel Batu Karang so that Hotel Batu Karang becomes more widely known both nationally and internationally. Hotel Batu Karang continues to actively advertise with various advertising methods to be able to make its products sell well in the market

The Portrayal of Violence against Women in Pakistani Urdu Newspapers

The study aims to highlight the violence against women depicted by Pakistani Urdu Newspapers. According to a recent study, the print media described women as weak, conquered, and deeply drowned in patriarchy. However, violence against women can take many forms, including domestic violence, rape, and honor killings. The study is qualitative in nature and the type of data is primary. The samples contain articles about violence against women from two different Pakistani Urdu Newspapers. Sample contains a total of four articles showing how the newspapers tend to portray violence against women. News that highlight the plight of violence against women comes from two different Urdu Newspapers i.e. Daily Jang and Express. The sampling procedure performed in this study is critical case sample and the study design is cross-cutting. The research tool used in the current study is Lazar feminist critical discourse analysis model (FCDA) (2014). The data is analyzed at various levels. First, it is translated into English using Nida’s Theory of Translation. Then, it is analyzed using Lazar FCDA at the vocabulary, syntax, and paralanguage levels, Lazars model (2014) is applied to effectively assess how the print media portrays violence against women. The results reveal that the Pakistani Urdu Newspapers are very tabloid, trying to portray women as weak, oppressed, oppressed, immobile, and vulnerable to violence. Women are more vulnerable to male violence because of the patriarchal structure embedded in our society.

“This Virus is a Common Threat to All Humans”: Discourse Representation of COVID-19 in Selected Newspaper Editorials

Existing studies on viruses with bias for COVID-19 have mainly been carried out from non-linguistic fields. Linguistics-related studies have not examined the media representation of COVID-19 since it is a recent development. This study, therefore, identifies the representational strategies, discourse structures and discourse strategies deployed by selected newspapers in representing COVID-19 and associated participants. Data were retrieved from selected COVID-19-related editorials from four purposively selected countries and continents across the world: New York Times (USA, North America), The Guardian (UK, Europe), China Daily (China, Asia) and The Punch (Nigeria, Africa), published in the early periods of the pandemic, and precisely from January 1 – March 31, 2020. Guided by aspects of van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of critical discourse analysis on ideological discourse structures, data were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The newspaper editorials unusually converged to negatively represent an issue – COVID-19 – because it is largely negatively viewed by all. Ten representational strategies (like economic cankerworm, threat to humans, common enemy), six discourse strategies (like demonising, criminalising, condemnation) and twelve ideological discourse structures (like Actor Description, Authority, Burden) and different participant representations and roles (like solver, potential super spreader) were identified in the study. The newspapers largely set the agenda on the negative representation of the virus and its potential havoc on all facets of human endeavours, thereby giving emotional and informational appeal to all to join hands in earnestly silencing the epidemic. Keywords: COVID-19, media representation, newspaper editorials, discourse strategies, discourse structures

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Selected Poems of “Maya Angelou” (“Equality”, “Cage Birds” and Other Poems as Examples)

Language users’ choices of linguistic forms and expressions are usually guided by their thoughts, feelings, attitudes and their stance in the real world. Language, according to CDA, is never neutral and it always has some implications of the world that surrounds us. Critical studies are concerned with scrutinizing power relations, ideological manifestations and hegemony in social practices. The current paper is a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of selected poems of Maya Angelou, who is an African American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. It sheds light on the figurative language of the poems that are selected randomly for the purpose of analysis. The five selected poems:  "Still I Rise, Equality, Caged Bird, On the Pulse of Morning and Phenomenal Woman."  are analyzed based on Fairclough’s model of CDA. The study tries to show the implicit figurative language in the poems and identify different figures of speech that have implicit meaning in the poems. It also examines how figurative language is used to enhance the meaning of the poems and communicating the ideas more effectively.                   .                                                                                     &nbsp

THE REPRESENTATION OF SOCIAL ACTOR STRATEGIES ENFOLDED IN AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPER

The purposes of this research are to explain how and why Sydney Morning Herald communicates its ideologies in such a way through the social actors represented in news reports. The data collected were analyzed by using Fairclough’s and Van Dijk’s model of Critical Discourse analysis (CDA) and Theo Van Leeuwen’s framework of the representation of social actors. The findings show that the newspaper viewed the Out group social actors which were Indonesian government, Indonesian army and Indonesian military officers and In Group social actors which were Australian, Papuan activists and those who support Papuan conflict, in terms of assimilation, nomination and categorization, functionalization and identification, Impersonalization. These categorizations serve different purposes. Those which are related to the Out groups express a purpose to emphasize their brutality, superiority and dominance towards the indigenous Papuans. However, In Groups social actors were indicated as peace makers. These findings illustrate Australia’s political ideologies and hidden agenda for Indonesia. Australia is liberal country which respects individual freedom; therefore, government must protect and get justice. That is why, it is also became Australia’s responsibility to give aids to Papuans who is seeking better place as stated in the international law. Furthermore, Australia’s attitudes in trying to interference the conflict by providing a place for the Papuan asylum seekers is a picture of how this country is concerned towards Indonesia

THE REPRESENTATION OF SOCIAL ACTOR STRATEGIES ENFOLDED IN AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPER

The purposes of this research are to explain how and why Sydney Morning Herald communicates its ideologies in such a way through the social actors represented in news reports. The data collected were analyzed by using Fairclough’s and Van Dijk’s model of Critical Discourse analysis (CDA) and Theo Van Leeuwen’s framework of the representation of social actors. The findings show that the newspaper viewed the Out group social actors which were Indonesian government, Indonesian army and Indonesian military officers and In Group social actors which were Australian, Papuan activists and those who support Papuan conflict, in terms of assimilation, nomination and categorization, functionalization and identification, Impersonalization. These categorizations serve different purposes. Those which are related to the Out groups express a purpose to emphasize their brutality, superiority and dominance towards the indigenous Papuans. However, In Groups social actors were indicated as peace makers. These findings illustrate Australia’s political ideologies and hidden agenda for Indonesia. Australia is liberal country which respects individual freedom; therefore, government must protect and get justice. That is why, it is also became Australia’s responsibility to give aids to Papuans who is seeking better place as stated in the international law. Furthermore, Australia’s attitudes in trying to interference the conflict by providing a place for the Papuan asylum seekers is a picture of how this country is concerned towards Indonesia

POBOYA GOLD MINE, POLLUTION AND WASTE: Critical Discourse Analysis on the Environmental Topic News on Radarsulteng.id

This study uses a qualitative approach with Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The basis of this research is to analyse the discourse on environmental pollution of gold processing waste at the Poboya gold mine in the news text of Radarsulteng.id. The object of the research is the media portal Radarsulteng.id and the unit of analysis chosen is the news text regarding the gold mine in it based on the predetermined criteria. We found that Radarsulteng.id supports the discourse on closing and stopping mining activities. However, Radarsulteng.id does not provide in-depth information about the social and economic conditions of the Poboya people who still depend on mining as their main livelihood. In analyzing the practice of discourse, we found that Radarsulteng.id tends to strengthen the arguments of those who reject PETI activities in Poboya. In the analysis of social practice, we connect the behavior of the Poboya community with the socio-cultural theory of Pierre Bourdieu. The behavior of the Poboya people still depends on the existing social conditions that their habitus is built based on social conditions. This condition is the interdependence of the Poboya community with mining activities that have been going on for a long time, making it difficult for them to escape from it.

Between Ecology and Economics: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Putri Mandalika Folklore

The purpose of this article is to discuss the positioning of the Mandalika folklore, between ecology and economics. This folklore text is described by combining Norman Fairclough’s theory and methods of critical discourse analysis (CDA) with an ecocritical perspective. In his analysis, Norman Fairclough uses a three-dimensional CDA model, namely text analysis, discursive practice, and socio-cultural practice. The results showed that in text analysis related to the analysis of language features in the form of vocabulary analysis (words and meanings) that represent the nobility, women, and the ecological system, the analysis of discursive practice interpreting the story text of Putri Mandalika is interpreted as a story text that produces tradition bau nyale. Furthermore, socio-cultural practices are related to the social relations of the people in relation to the bau nyale event being a cultural event, tourism event, and ecological event. The folklore text of Putri Mandalika presents the bau nyale festival. This celebration has an ecological and economic impact. Economically, the bau nyale festival is able to improve the people’s economy, but ecologically, the bau nyale festival can damage environmental sustainability due to the lack of public awareness of environmental care, as evidenced by leaving trash everywhere.

Ideational Metafunction Analysis of Power Domination in Joko Widodo’s Job Creation Law Speech on October 9th 2020: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This study aims to investigate the power domination strategy of Joko Widodo’s Job Creation Law speech on October 9th 2020. The current study utilizes Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model to unmask the power domination strategy through language use. The Ideational metafunctions of SFL is used in this research as the tool for analyzing the textual dimension and further investigation of discursive practice. The results prove the existence of power domination. From the interpretation or discursive practice analysis of the ideational metafunctions, the positioned of the participant clearly shown that there are power domination strategies of Joko Widodo in delivering his speech.