Mobile Multimedia Research Articles

Neuro-Fuzzy based Call Admission Control for next Generation Mobile Multimedia Networks

As the demand of the mobile users are increasing day by day, wireless/mobile multimedia networks still need advancement in terms of, reliable traffic performance, link availability, efficient bandwidth utilization, and user mobility, that can attain extremely consistent wireless communication and data transmission over the networks. Due to the emerging demand of multimedia services a high-speed network and call admission control (CAC) scheme is required, which not only guarantees the quality of services (QoS) for new and handoff calls but also results in optimum resource utilization in bursty traffic network environments. The main objective of this integrated neural fuzzy based CAC scheme is to improve QoS with decent resource allocation, such that it minimizes the probability of call dropping and call blocking in mobile multimedia networks. The proposed neural fuzzy CAC scheme is a hybrid approach that integrates the semantic rule ability of fuzzy logic (FL) controller and self-training capability of a neural network (NN) which is further enhanced to construct an efficient computational model for traffic control and fair radio resources allocation for new calls and handoff calls. The simulation results conclude that a neural fuzzy based CAC can achieve minimal call dropping probabilities and maximum resource utilization in high-speed networks as compared to fuzzy logic based CAC and conventional CAC or existing CAC schemes

Novel Fast User-Placement Ushering Algorithms and Performance Analysis for LTE Femtocell Networks

Nowadays, the sufficient quality-of-service (QoS) provision for multimedia mobile applications remains a major challenge to any wireless network. Conventional sufficient QoS provision techniques using resource allocation, data scheduling, and cross-layer optimization have been proposed to tackle this problem. Nevertheless, due to the unpredictable nature of wireless channel conditions, the QoS improvements resulting from the aforementioned approaches are often unsatisfactory. In this paper, we would like to further exploit our previous concept, namely user-placement ushering (UPU). A mobile user can be relocated to an optimal, or at least a better place to boost the QoS for a given application. The QoS is measured by the packet-success rate (PSR), which can be further computed from the code-block error-rate (CBER). Novel fast algorithms are devised here to usher (guide) a mobile user to an appropriate spot with sufficient QoS, which is nearby. We address the UPU problem to accommodate the realistic complex indoor environments, where obstacles are present. Our simulation results have demonstrated that our new fast UPU algorithms are capable of finding new appropriate locations satisfying the required QoSs for different wireless network applications.The preliminary results are presented in [1] .

Development of IEEE 802.11 Compliant Antenna with WLAN Mobile Multimedia Messaging Application for Emergency Communication Purposes

In emergency or disaster situations, when communications were interrupted due to damaged local network infrastructures, coordination are affected. Moreover, the deployment of specialized technologies such as satellite and shortwave communication network were found impractical. The objective of the study was first, to construct an improvised antenna that will be tested on an area with no cellular network and test the router’s operating range using it, and second, to design and develop a mobile multimedia messaging application that utilizes WLAN to send data. Results of the testing shows that improvised antenna achieved operating range of 192 meters, the range achieved 215 meters in area with no cellular network, and the application was capable of sending multimedia messages over WLAN.

Application of multimedia health education in patients with endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography minimally invasive treatment

Objective To evaluate the effect of mobile nursing workstation multimedia module applied to preoperative health education of patients with minimally invasive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) . Methods By convenience sampling, 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria in-hospitalized in Department of Digestive Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January to June of 2018 were selected and divided into the observation group (n=44) and control group (n=44) according to the random number table. Conventional education approach of oral teaching and distribution of teaching materials was adopted in the control group, besides of that the observation group received the intensive teaching approach through mobile nursing platform multimedia and open communication. The knowledge mastering status, satisfactory degree and anxiety scores were compared between the two groups after health education. Results In the observation group, the score of knowledge mastering status was (33.00±9.41) , satisfactory degree was (23.45±1.18) , both higher than the control group [ (28.82±7.48) , (17.61±1.95) ] with statistical difference (P<0.05) ; the observation group achieved lower score in anxiety than the control group with statistical difference (P<0.01) . Conclusion The use of mobile nursing platform multimedia teaching method can improve the quality of health education for patients with minimally invasive ERCP treatment and patient satisfaction, alleviate the anxiety of patients. Key words: Health education; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Minimally invasive treatment; Multimedia

End-to-middle-to-end solution for IMS media plane security

IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) is becoming the prevailing candidate for managing future mobile multimedia communications, including critical communications such as public safety, emergency professionals and corporate networks. IMS security and privacy has gained much attention in the few last years. The review of recent IMS security activities stresses the inclusion of intermediate nodes in the media path of secured communications as an open issue. This paper presents an end-to-middle-to-end solution which enables the usage of IMS media plane elements such as recorders, transcoders and novel cross-ciphering functions in a secure way. The proposed solution, which is fully compliant with IMS, includes the network architecture, the signaling plane for session signaling and key management, and the media-plane security characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution can provide media interoperability (both transcoding and cross-ciphering) with a cost of 17 % overhead to a standard IMS call setup in the signaling plane.

Intelligent computational techniques for multimodal data

This guest editorial introduces the special issue on “Intelligent Computational Techniques for Multimodal Data”. The goal of this special issue was to solve a variety of real-life problems which have uncertainty, imprecision, vagueness, resulting in high performance applications or prototypes for real time system. The special issue touched different hot topics related to Computer Vision, Computational Biology, Multimedia data mining, High-dimensional multimedia data, Deep convolution network, Deep semantic preserving hashing, High-dimensional multimedia classification, Deep CNN and extended residual units, particle swarm optimization, Cyberbullying detection on social multimedia, Multimedia detection algorithm of malicious nodes, Multimedia based fast face recognition, Diversifying personalized mobile multimedia application, Multimedia image edge extraction algorithm, Rumour veracity detection.

Mobile Multimedia Evaluation: Development of Stop Drugs Tutorial

This research is intended to evaluate the development of mobile multimedia based stop drug tutorial. This tutorial as a campaign to stop drugs, that should encourage people’s ability to integrate all information on mobile application. The tutorial focuses on how people understand about drugs and what to do if someone is drugs addicted. Stopping drug tutorial is created using ADDIE instructional development method, and during the developing stage, it is done using Multimedia Development Life Cycle according to Luther. Subjects of the research are experts in education, visual communication and information technology in the preliminary testing. Evaluation was conducted using the analytic descriptive method on mobile multimedia evaluation method, and interpreted in a narrative way based on the research findings. The evaluation of mobile multimedia application uses combination of multimedia evaluation that is used by educationalist with ISO 9126 that was used by software developer. The research findings show that mobile multimedia stop drugs application can be used with minor revision.

Performance Evaluation of Wordlength Reduction Based Area and Power Efficient Approximate Multiplier for Mobile Multimedia Applications

Hardware multiplier circuits decide the speed and power consumption in the execution of digital signal processing algorithms. The desirable feature of reduced area and power consumption for battery-driven multimedia gadgets can be realized by replacing the power hungry multiplier circuits with approximate multiplier circuits. The approximation techniques reduce the complexity of the design and improve the energy efficiency of the circuit. This paper proposes an area and power efficient approximate unsigned integer multiplier architecture based on wordlength reduction. It is designed to meet a pre-specified error performance with improved area and power reduction compared with similar designs. It is extended further for the signed multiplier architecture. The circuit characteristics are analyzed to establish the suitability of the proposed design for low-power applications. Synthesis results show that the proposed unsigned multiplier consumes 65% less power than the exact Wallace multiplier. The area requirement of the proposed multiplier reduces by 50% compared to an exact multiplier. The multiplier is tested for image filtering to establish the efficacy of the design in multimedia applications.

A mobile multimedia content handoff scheme based on proxy mobile IPv6 for VR/AR

This paper proposes a novel mobile multimedia content handoff scheme for a content delivery network (CDN) based on proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). PMIPv6 is a network-based mobility management protocol. In PMIPv6, when a mobile node (MN) that is currently receiving content from one domain moves into neighboring domain, it can maintain its existing session seamlessly. However, when the MN moves continuously, the content delivery path may become long, potentially leading to heavy network traffic and degradation of the quality of service (QoS) through delay and jitter. The proposed handoff scheme (PMIPv6-CDN Handoff) selects an optimal content server as a mobile node (MN) moves in a handoff and receives content. This scheme offers several benefits such as routing path optimization and a reduced transmission delay. Therefore, it can be applied to virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) services, which are sensitive to transmission delay.

Augmented reality application for location finder guidance

&lt;p&gt;Finding directions to a specific location can be troublesome especially when we are not familiar with a new area. Conventionally, we may want to ask people around or possibly we use Global Positioning System (GPS) navigator. However, using GPS navigator may not be the best solution if the address is not entered accurately. Therefore, this paper presents an augmented reality (AR) application for location finder guidance. Instead, a user is only required to scan the address indicated on a surface such as card or flyer using smart phone camera.The proposed application has utilized various components of AR technology including multiple image target, virtual button and markerless features. The development of the AR application follows phases of activities in Multimedia Mobile Content Development (MMCD) model. The proposed application is found to be very interactive and convenient in finding directions to specific location.&lt;/p&gt;

Metapholio: A Mobile App for Supporting Collaborative Note Taking and Reflection in Teacher Education

Mobile technologies open up new ways of fostering reflection in teacher education. With the intention of tying reflection closer to the actions in the classroom, facilitating multimedia recordings, providing prompts for reflection and fostering discussions between pre-service teachers, experienced teachers and university mentors, we developed the “Metapholio” app and tested it in the context of teaching internships. This app supports pre-service teachers in collecting noteworthy moments in the classroom by providing functionalities for individual and collaborative note taking. Notes can be created in the form of written text, photography, audio recordings and video recordings. Each note can be commented on and discussed with invited peers, experienced teachers and university mentors, who can also record moments themselves. Furthermore, the app makes it possible to select notes and attach them to more general written or spoken reflections on teaching and learning. Theoretical frameworks and writing prompts that are part of the app serve as scaffolds for such reflections. Peers, teachers and mentors can be invited to join the conversation on reflections. With the help of this app, pre-service teachers can, moreover, create their own multimedia mobile portfolio, which acts as a hybrid space for professional development in teacher education.

Diversifying personalized mobile multimedia application recommendations through the Latent Dirichlet Allocation and clustering optimization

The rapid development of mobile multimedia applications explosively increased the availability of the number of applications in the apps market. Among the crowd of mobile multimedia applications with diverse functions, identifying the appropriate application is a significant challenge. Hence, it is essential for the app stores to recommend the desired applications to the users in the surge of applications. Several research works lack to consider the interactions among the contextual information of applications such as application category and features in different aspects instead of user preferences. Thus, it is of significance to developing a practical approach that provides high-quality application recommendations for users according to personal preferences. This paper presents the DIversifying Personalized Mobile Multimedia Application Recommendation (DIPMMAR) by fusing the user ratings, review texts, application description, and application popularity. Initially, the DIPMMAR approach analyzes the user reviews and application descriptions by applying the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) based topic model. It employs the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) principal components are the continuous solutions to the discrete cluster membership indicators for K-means clustering among all the extracted features of the applications and retains the optimal latent features alone. Further, the DIPMMAR approach computes the user-specific local popularity score on applications and exploits the application-specific global popularity score to generate the top-N personalized recommendation. Moreover, by exploring the mobile application categories and sub-categories, the DIPMMAR approach ensures the relevance and diversified applications in the recommendation list. The experiments on the real-world mobile app store dataset demonstrate the accuracy of the personalized recommendation.

A Novel Networking Scheme for Mobile Communication Based on Phased Array Antenna

The increasing demand of mobile multimedia services has motivated the use of new communication technologies that could improve the utilization of spectrum resource. In this paper, we study a mobile communication network that adopts phased array technology to improve the reuse of spatial spectrum resource, in which each base station (BS) communicates with multiple mobile users (MUs) simultaneously in the same frequency channel by applying beamforming. We understand from analysis that in such a network, the parallel communications supported by phased array technology could produce interference to each other. Moreover, the interference level largely depends on the angles of beams. We then propose a novel networking method that let a MU select a proper BS according to both distance, which largely decides receiving power, and the beam angle, which is the main factor that decides co-channel interference, as compared to conventional networking scheme that requests a MU to select a proper BS simply according to distance. Both analysis results and simulation results show that the proposed scheme obtains advantage over the conventional scheme in terms of the network throughput.

An Efficient Social Attribute Inference Scheme Based on Social Links and Attribute Relevance

Social network is a critical component in mobile multimedia systems, where users share their videos, photos, and other media. However, the information (e.g., posts, user profiles, etc.) shared on the social network platforms usually reflects many users’ personal (private) information, which could be mined and abused for malicious purposes. To address privacy concerns, many social network service providers adopted privacy-preserving mechanisms, e.g., anonymizing user identity, hiding users’ profiles, etc. As a result, the attributes in user profiles are usually set up to be accessed only by friends to prevent privacy leakage. Several attacks have been proposed to infer the hidden attributes to Several the efficiency of current privacy-protecting mechanisms. Most of these solutions are based on the social links among users or their behaviors. In this paper, we systematically analyze the social features related to user privacy inference and found that there are relevances among social attributes, which has a great impact on inferring users’ hidden attributes. According to our findings, we propose an efficient social attribute inference scheme based on social links and attribute relevance properties. We develop a relevance attribute inference method (ReAI) using random walks with restart. We analyze attribute relevance on inference performance and use Kulczynski measure to quantify attribute relevance as edge weights of attribute nodes in an improved social-attribute network. We evaluate our method and compare it with the traditional attribute inference method. The results show that our method performs better than the traditional method. We also use Kulczynski measure and Information Gain Ratio to evaluate the improvements. The results show that the bigger relevance between attributes contributes to higher improvements.

Lightweight and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation for Mobile Multimedia Security

With the continuous development of multimedia technology, a growing number of multimedia applications have emerged. The demand for multimedia services continues to grow. But the development of multimedia services is still hampered by inherent security. Privacy and integrity of multimedia data are two key issues for implementing mobile multimedia security. At present, most data privacy-preserving solutions have a trusted third party, which may become the bottleneck of the system. And, the computational efficiency of the client is inefficient. In this paper, a lightweight and privacy-preserving data aggregation for mobile multimedia is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the terminal calculation is lightweight and there is no trusted third party in our scheme. Besides, multimedia big data and personal multimedia data are balanced by creating virtual aggregation areas and the system performance is improved by adopting batch verification in our scheme. Security analysis shows that the presented scheme can guarantee the privacy, confidentiality and integrity of the personal multimedia data. The performance analysis indicates the proposed scheme is lightweight.

An Energy-Balanced Joint Routing and Charging Framework in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks for Mobile Multimedia

In wireless rechargeable sensor networks for mobile multimedia services, the multi-hop transmission method is often used to reduce the distance of a single hop to save energy. However, the sensor nodes in special locations always carry more forwarding load,which causes energy holes. These sensor nodes in energy hole have the higher energy consumption and the less residual energy, which makes them very fragile and easy to exhaust energy. If a sensor node dies, the structure of the network will be changed and the original function will be affected. In this paper, an energy-balanced joint routing and charging framework is proposed to balance the energy consumption between sensors. By analyzing the network model, the proposed framework is decomposed into a routing strategy and a charging strategy. Considering the impact of the routing structure on sensors energy consumption, the goal of the routing strategy is designed to optimize the routing tree corresponding to the mobile charger staying at each sensor node. Furthermore, the proposed charging strategy prefers the charging path with the best balance of the total energy consumption of sensor nodes during one charging trip. In order to solve these optimization problems, the simulated annealing algorithms, including the proposed random solution generation method and acceptance rules, are used to obtain a fast convergence. The simulation results show that the proposed joint routing and charging framework has better energy balance performance than the traditional scheme.

Content Retrieval at the Edge: A Social-Aware and Named Data Cooperative Framework

Recent years with the popularity of mobile devices have witnessed an explosive growth of mobile multimedia contents which dominate more than 50 percent of mobile data traffic. This significant growth poses a severe challenge for future cellular networks. As a promising approach to overcome the challenge, we advocate Content Retrieval At the Edge, a content-centric cooperative service paradigm via device-to-device (D2D) communications to reduce cellular traffic volume in mobile networks. By leveraging the Named Data Networking (NDN) principle, we propose sNDN, a social-aware named data framework to achieve efficient cooperative content retrieval. Specifically, sNDN introduces Friendship Circle by grouping a user with her close friends of both high mobility similarity and high content similarity. We construct NDN routing tables conditioned on Friendship Circle encounter frequency to navigate a content request and a content reply packet between Friendship Circles, and leverage social properties in Friendship Circle to search for the final target as inner-Friendship Circle routing. The evaluation results demonstrate that sNDN can save cellular capacity greatly and outperform other content retrieval schemes significantly.

D2D Relay Communication Scheme Incorporating Multi-Dimensional Information in Multimedia Transmission

The rapid development of mobile multimedia services integrated with online and offline social networks has made the mutual transmission of smart devices more frequent. Device to Device relay communication (D2D relay communication) can extend the transmission range of shared multimedia services, further reducing the burden on the base stations. However, when multimedia services are transmitted by D2D relay communication, the selfishness of the relay nodes affects the quality of the transmission. In order to solve this problem, the integration of social factors has become a common research topic. However, social factors generally come from multi-dimensional information. The more kinds of information, the more hidden information, and the measurement of social relations will become extremely difficult. Hence, this paper focuses on the measurement of social relationships based on multi-dimensional information and then combines physical domains to choose relay nodes. Firstly, the transmission performance of D2D relay communication is analyzed in the physical domain. Then, in order to better integrate multi-dimensional information, we construct a hypernet architecture based on spatiotemporal-user-location-category and quantify the edge weights. Three categories of weighted super-edge structures are defined to capture a variety of hidden social relationships, and the social relationship strength of any two users is measured. Finally, a relay selection algorithm that maximizes the social rate is proposed, which combines social relationships of multi-dimensional information and quality of physical transmission. The simulation results show that the Based on Maximum Social Rate for Relay Selection Algorithm (MSRRS) proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in transmission quality and transmission stability for multimedia application compared with the traditional relay selection algorithm.

A Two-Stage Energy-Efficient Approach for Joint Power Control and Channel Allocation in D2D Communication

A large number of mobile multimedia terminals are prominent features of smart cities. Device-to-device (D2D) communication takes advantage of the limited bandwidth resources of cellular networks to accommodate more mobile devices. However, when D2D pairs reuse cellular users channels, serious interference leads to energy consumption, which dissatisfies the requirements of green communication. This paper focuses on energy efficiency maximization of D2D communication under the constraints of both D2D pairs and cellular users quality of service. The formulated resource allocation problem is NP-hard, which is usually difficult to solve within polynomial time. To make the problem easy to handle, we divide it into power control and channel allocation sub-problems. In particular, we propose a power control algorithm based on the Lambert W function to maximize the energy efficiency of a single D2D pair. The preference values of D2D pairs and cellular users are calculated using the power control results, respectively. A channel allocation scheme based on the Gale-Shapley algorithm utilizes preference values to match two sides, which aims at maximizing the signal to interference plus noise ratio of cellular users and the energy efficiency of D2D pairs. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could not only guarantee the transmission rate of cellular users but also improve the system and D2D pairs energy efficiency.

Deep-Q-Network-Based Multimedia Multi-Service QoS Optimization for Mobile Edge Computing Systems

By offloading storage and computing resources to the edge of networks, mobile edge computing (MEC) is emerged as a promising architecture to reduce the transmission delay and bandwidth waste for mobile multimedia services. This paper focuses on a multi-service scenario in the MEC systems, where the MEC server can provide three multimedia services including live streaming, buffered streaming and low latency enhanced mobile broadband applications for edge users at the same time. In order to satisfy various quality of service (QoS) requirements for different multimedia applications, the 5G QoS model is applied. Notably, the packets from the multimedia applications with the same or similar requirements are mapped into the same QoS flow, and each QoS flow is processed individually. Therefore, how to effectively schedule the limited radio resource for QoS flows is an intractable problem. To address the problem above, a QoS evaluation model is designed, and a QoS maximization problem is formulated. Furthermore, a deep reinforcement learning method, deep-Q-network, is adopted to make decisions to allocate radio resource dynamically. Compared with round-robin and priority-based scheduling algorithms, the simulation results validate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other resource scheduling algorithms for multi-service scenario.