Methods Of Linguistic Analysis Research Articles

PIDGINISATION AS LINGUOCULTURAL PHENOMENON (on the example of African linguoculture)

This article identifies the features of such a linguocultural phenomenon as pidginisation and creolisation on the example of African linguoculture. The scientific problem is caused by the influence of globalisation on the state of languages and cultures within the framework of intercultural and interlanguage interaction, on the one hand, and the need to preserve native languages and cultures, on the other hand. The purpose of the article is to identify the key properties of such hybrid languages as Pidgin English and Creole English which operate in the largest country in West Africa – Nigeria. The research work is based on a combination of linguistic and cultural analysis method, which revealed the peculiarities of language and culture in the process of historical development, and comparative analysis method, which is the key to distinguish similar and distinctive features of Nigerian Pidgin English in relation to British English. The research work systematised the key historical, linguistic and cultural factors that influenced the formation and Pidgin English and Creole English development in Africa, and identified its key characteristics. It was proved that English is a universal means of interethnic communication for all social groups, but Pidgin English has simple structure at all language levels – phonetic, grammatical, lexical ones – and suits for everyday communication perfectly. Adapting to local realities, Nigerian Pidgin English at the phonetic level is the subject to assimilation and dissimilation of consonants, quantitative and qualitative reduction of vowels. The grammatical structure of Nigerian Pidgin English is the subject to maximum simplification, this level is characterised by the omission of articles; the use of abstract nouns in the plural form; the formation of adjectives’ comparison degrees and adverbs on the principle of a monosyllabic adjective; the use of simple tense forms of verb. The lexical structure of Nigerian Pidgin English is characterised by the functioning of high-frequency lexemes of autochthonous languages, which is due to the desire to follow the norms of native culture. All deviations from British English are explained by the need to create an accessible form of communication for all social groups using minimal linguistic means.

Старинная немецкая песня в историко-культурном и переводческом аспектах (на примере баллады „Liebe ohne Stand“ из сборника А. фон Арнима и К. Брентано «Волшебный рог мальчика»)

The article is devoted to the problem of an old German song translation from German into Russian, which is relevant for modern linguistics. Aiming at an adequate poetic translation of the ballad “Liebe ohne Stand”, the author conducts a detailed pre-translation cultural and linguistic analysis of the original text. Using hermeneutical and comparative methods, as well as methods of structural and linguistic analysis, the author creates a basis for the further translation. As a result, a translation of the ballad with comments is presented, and the features of the poetic translation of a medieval song from German into Russian are established.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PECUARITIES OF THE EPITHET IN THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN FAIRY TALES (BASED ON THE TALES OF O. WILDE AND M.E. SALTYKOV-SHCHEDRIN)

Background. Studying and understanding stylistic devices, and, in particular, the epithet, is an integral part of the world linguistic picture. The epithet is inextricably linked with all literary works and is therefore a key part of any language. It reveals the attitude of native speakers to certain phenomena, which is manifested in the use of words stable for epithets. However, the lack of certainty in various aspects of the study of the epithet determines the need for its further study. The subject of the study is the linguistic and stylistic features of the epithet in English and Russian fairy tales. Purpose. The article identifies and compares the linguistic and stylistic features of epithets in the English and Russian fairy tales. Materials and methods: The material for the study comprises 150 epithets from the fairy tales of O. Wilde the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. When analyzing the material, the following methods of linguistic analysis were used: semantic, stylistic, cultural, comparative and quantitative analysis, as well as the continuous sampling method. Results. As a result of a comparative study, identical and distinctive pecularities of epithets in two languages were identified. It was determined that the stylistic characteristics of epithets are largely similar, but it is emphasized that the English-language epithets are more unique and concise than Russian-language ones, which, in turn, are characterized by repetition and figurative meaning. In the English-language examples, there was greater neutrality and an emphasis on the positive and neutral qualities of the characters. Negative connotations were noted in the Russian-language epithets. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the study of the courses in stylistics, foreign literature, as well as in foreign language classes.

The Syntax of the Genitive Case in Longus’ Novel Daphnis and Chloe

This study aims to explore the syntactic functions and characteristics of the genitive case in the ancient Greek novel “Daphnis and Chloe” by Longus, a text from the 2nd century AD, which exemplifies the “second sophistic” period of rhetorical development. The primary source for this research is the text of “Daphnis and Chloe”, which has been thoroughly analysed to ascertain the usage of the genitive case in various syntactic roles. The research employs descriptive and structural methods of linguistic analysis. The descriptive method identifies and explains instances of the genitive case within the text, while the structural method examines the relationships between these instances and other linguistic elements. The genitive case in the novel is found to perform multiple syntactic functions, including controlling verbs, nouns, adjectives, and expressing various semantic nuances. Detailed examples are provided to illustrate these functions and their impact on the text’s meaning. The findings offer a foundation for further studies of the genitive case in ancient Greek texts, providing significant insights for researchers and linguists interested in ancient Greek grammar and its syntactic constructions. The study enhances understanding of ancient rhetorical techniques and their application in literary texts during the “second sophistic” period.

Shifting Communicative Roles through Subcode Switching and Blending in Works of Zadie Smith

This study is part of the discourse on code-switching in conversational discourse. The aim of this article is to describe frequent instances of subcode switching and mixing in a multicultural environment, as well as to determine their involvement in communicative role exchanges within the literary texts of a contemporary English writer. The object of description is examples of (sub)code switching and mixing in the literary texts of Zadie Smith. The research employs linguistic analysis methods alongside observation, comparison, and interpretation techniques to highlight the significance of role exchange in the context of subcode switching and mixing. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of role exchange in a multicultural setting. The author emphasizes the pace of role exchange as a crucial indicator of interaction dynamics in heterogeneous cultural environments. The relevance of this research stems from the importance of understanding complex communicative frameworks that involve participants, social parameters, intentions, and speech communication situations. Definitions of subcode mixing and subcode switching are provided, with a clear distinction between code and subcode concepts.

AN ARTISTIC DIRECTION USING THE METHOD OF LINGUISTIC AND POETIC ANALYSIS IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING LITERATURE TO STUDENTS

The article discusses the scientific and theoretical foundations of the application of the method of linguistic analysis, which helps students of art education in higher educational institutions to delve into the content of a work of art, understand the meaning of a word, comprehend the art of poetry.

ABOUT BUSINESS E-MAIL AS A GENRE OF PROFESSIONAL INTERNET COMMUNICATION IN THE COURSE OF “LANGUAGE OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION”

The research focuses on exploring lexical-grammatical, syntactic, punctuation features of the text of business e-mail as a genre of professional Internet communication in the course of “Language of business communication”. The tasks are outlined as follows: 1) to reveal the contents of the course of “Language of business communication”; 2) to highlight the importance of the content module on professional Internet communication; 3) to analyze business e-mail as a genre of professional Internet communication. The descriptive method and various types of linguistic analysis are applied. Emphasis is placed on the motivational-practical (speech) component of the course as a defining feature of the “Language of business communication” discipline, which determines the approach to the thematic content of the four content modules. The proposed research highlights the fourth content module, which reveals the peculiarities of Internet business communication and encompass follows themes: “Internet communication: specifics, types, genres”, “Language organization of business Internet communication”. The analyzed content module involves familiarizing students with the concept of Internet style, types of network communication, genres of business Internet communication, types of posts in social networks, and the culture of Internet communication. To improve the practical skills of business electronic correspondence, an educational model (formulated in linguistics) was used, which consists in the synthesis of four interrelated aspects. The first aspect is based on mastering the theoretical foundations of the researched problem: philology students reveal the essence of the concept of an electronic business letter, systematize the basic principles of creating and rules for writing business e-mails. The second aspect is practical. It consists primarily in the formation of skills and abilities to analyze the texts of business letters. For example, the structural-compositional, lexical-grammatical, and punctuation features of an electronic Cover Letter and a Request Letter are considered. The third aspect is research. It involves independent processing of the text of an electronic business letter in accordance with the proposed algorithm. The fourth stage is creative. It provides for the independent creation of an electronic business letter taking into account the specified requirements. The results of the research can be used as materials for practical classes on the language of business communication, Ukrainian language for professional purposes, language culture, etc. Key words: “Language of business communication”, business e-mail, professional Internet communication, etiquette of business correspondence.

THE FORMATION OF COLOR ASSOCIATIONS THROUGH STABLE UNITS FORMED WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF WORDS EXPRESSING COLOR

This research investigates the formation of color associations through stable units formed with the participation of words expressing color. Language plays a significant role in shaping our perception of colors, and the formation of stable units—linguistic constructs involving color words—provides a framework for understanding how these associations are established and maintained. Through a combination of linguistic analysis and experimental methods, this study explores how stable units influence color perception, categorization, and conceptualization. By uncovering the cognitive mechanisms underlying the formation of color associations through stable linguistic units, this research contributes to our understanding of the intricate interplay between language and cognition.

Selection and application of building material suppliers based on the 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic number combined grey relational analysis method

The quality of building materials will affect the implementation effect of construction projects. To ensure the service capacity of building materials, it is necessary to do a good job in selecting suppliers. In the specific evaluation of building material suppliers, after evaluation, suppliers with poor quality are excluded to ensure the quality of material supply, reasonably improve the construction effect of the building project, meet the construction needs of the building project, and improve the quality of the building project. The selection and application of building material suppliers (BMSs) is a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) technique. In this study, the 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic number combined grey relational analysis (2TLNN-CGRA) technique is constructed based on the classical grey relational analysis (GRA) and 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets (2TLNNSs). Finally, a numerical example for building material supplier selection was constructed and some comparisons is constructed to illustrate the 2TLNN-CGRA technique. The main contribution of this study is constructed: (1) the 2TLNN-CGRA technique is implemented to cope with the MAGDM under 2TLNSs; (2) the 2TLNN-CGRA technique is implemented in line with the 2TLNN Hamming distance (2TLNNHD) and 2TLNN Euclidean distance (2TLNNED) simultaneously under 2TLNSs; (3) the numerical example for building material supplier selection is implemented to show the 2TLNN-CGRA technique; and (4) some efficient comparative studies are constructed with several existing decision techniques.

Identifying disputants’ attitudinal variations in family mediations: A data mining approach

This article combines linguistic analysis and data mining methods to explore variations in speakers’ evaluative meaning-making in conflict talks. It focuses on conflict style construction through evaluative language, specifically how disputants advance attitudes. The corpus consists of 230 minutes of family mediation talks involving 12 divorcing spouses. The research draws from the Appraisal framework to analyse evaluative meaning-making at a discourse semantics level, capturing both explicit and implicit attitudes, as well as the scaling and dialogic framing of attitudes. Data exploration uses clustering algorithms via RStudio to identify variations in disputants’ discursive behaviour. The findings uncover three conflict styles based on disputants’ preference for attitude advancement formulations, with varying degrees of assertiveness and forcefulness. This study’s contributions include a holistic treatment of evaluative meaning-making, the marriage of digital tools to nuanced linguistic annotation, and a novel interpretation for conflict style. The findings offer fresh insights into disputants’ discursive self-presentation in confrontational exchanges.

Функционирование реактивных прагматических моделей в непрофессиональном интернет-дискурсе

The response pragmatics in political Internet discourse is one of the most interesting and understudied aspects of modern virtual communication. This research featured a model of non-professional Internet discourse in the genre of political Internet commentary and its pragmatics. The resulting models correlated with the general model, which was based on the communicative intentions of the authors of political Internet comments. The empirical material involved feedback lines from readers of the RIA Novosti news agency. Determining the textual entity by its sender’s macrointension, the authors established the genre of Internet commentary as reactive. The pragmatic options for response patterns were based on the addressee’s communicative role and the reactive macrointension implemented in non-professional Internet discourse. The paper describes two reactive models of non-professional discourse: 1) reaction to a political event; 2) reaction to a pragmatic context. The method of linguistic and pragmatic discourse analysis revealed that the reactive models contained the following types of reaction: positive, negative, and twofold. However, the Internet comments also included an interpretative component. The reactive intention of the subjects of non-professional Internet discourse was combined with their intention to introduce a fragment of personal experience.

Features of the implementation of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising

The article is devoted to the study of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The slogan as an element of the advertising text plays a significant role in influencing the consciousness and behavior of the addressee. Slogans implement various speech strategies and tactics to ensure the success of advertising communication. The difficulty of studying this phenomenon lies in a short formulation with great strategic potential and its uncertain relationship with the main text of television advertising. The relevance of this study is related to the importance of the slogan in the advertising text and the prospects for studying speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The article aims to identify the features of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The method of linguistic and pragmatic analysis was used in the work, which makes it possible to identify speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television advertising of food products and describe the linguistic features of their implementation. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive examination of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan, taking into account the main advertising text. As a result of the analysis, corporate slogan, product slogan and festive slogan were highlighted in television advertising. The slogans of television food advertising highlight presentation strategy, convincing strategy, persuading strategy and reminiscent strategy, as well as tactics and techniques within the framework of relevant strategies. The linguistic means of verbalization of techniques used within the framework of appropriate speech strategies and tactics in television advertising of food are described. The correlation of their implementation with the main advertising text has been established. The slogan of a TV advertisement usually implements several strategies and tactics at the same time. The implementation of the convincing strategy in a product slogan is relevant to the main advertising text. The implementation of other strategies in the slogan is not related to the main advertising text.

POLYCODE HISTORICAL DISCOURSE FEATURES

The paper deals with the feature of verbal and visual semiotic systems peculiar to historical discourse. The relevance of the research is determined by the necessity to identify the correlation of verbal and visual means used by historians in the transmission of information. The methodology of the article is based on the research works of home and foreign scholars. The methods that have been used in the research are: the method of discursive analysis, the method of linguistic analysis, the method of interpretive analysis. As a result of the analysis of historical discourse it has been established that the appeal to various semiotic systems facilitates and streamlines the assimilation of information about the events of the historical past of mankind, preserving the memory of them in the images proposed by the historians. History, which is not given to historians in their immediate experience, is reconstructed by them by means of different semiotic systems. The verbal code reinforced by the visual one sets a certain perception of historical events as they are viewed by historians. In historical discourse, the use of different semiotic systems in the transmission of the most significant historical events is necessary to attract the attention of recipients to them in order to change not only their perception, but also to transform the basic dominants of their mental space, in which the events of the historical past that are not reproduced in experience are reconstructed.

Structural, grammatical and linguocultural aspects of the meteorolexeme "halun" in the Mongolian languages

The article analyzes the meteorological vocabulary in the Mongolian languages, which characterizes hot weather. The linguistic means of expressing hot weather in the worldview of the Mongolian peoples can be represented as integral and consistent natural phenomena that are systematically used by traditional speakers in direct, figurative, comparative, evaluative and metaphorical meanings. The object of the study is nominative units (words, phrases, phraseological units) in Mongolian languages that characterize hot weather. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the compatibility of the "halun" meteorological system. The bearers of a nomadic civilization are directly dependent on the natural and climatic features that determined the state of nomadic management, orientation and location of a person in nature and society. The relations of nature, man and the animal world, reflected in the ethnic consciousness of native speakers, had their own systemically categorical forms of expression in linguistic pictures of the world. For the Mongolian peoples, in addition to universal verbal forms of expression of these relations, the whole variety of linguistic and cultural approaches was used to express figuratively comparative and evaluative aesthetic means of language. This article uses a descriptive method, a comparative method, a method of linguistic and cultural analysis of lexical units. In the linguistic picture of the world of a traditional native speaker, the halun lexeme "heat, depending on the temperature regime, can denote different degrees of heat manifestation: from ordinary heat to incredible, exhausting heat, affecting the physical condition of a person. As examples, the author uses Mongolian lexicographic sources, texts of artistic and folklore works, in which lexemes denoting hot weather were analyzed from meteorological vocabulary. Meteorological vocabulary characterizing hot weather is considered in the article from the point of view of their composition, semantics, morphological-syntactic and lexico-semantic method of education. The peculiarity of artistic and folklore texts makes it possible to consider a specific lexeme in its various combinations, which makes it possible to fully reveal the features of the semantic structure of the word. In this aspect, meteorological names characterizing hot weather in the Kalmyk language are considered and systematized for the first time.

Phraseological units with the semantics of "human character" in Russian and Chinese

The object of this research is the phraseological field with the semantics of "human character" as a fragment of the linguistic picture reflecting the peculiarities of perception of the world by native speakers of Russian and Chinese languages. The subject of the study is national peculiarities and common features of cultural components of the meaning of phraseological units about human character in the Russian and Chinese languages. In the first part of the article, the author gives a brief description of the theoretical understanding of phraseology as a phenomenon of Russian and Chinese linguistics, draws parallels between the concepts of phraseological unit and chengyu, comparing the key characteristics of the two terms and specifying the subject of research. Having defined the theoretical boundaries of the concept of phraseology, the author of the article systematizes the research material in accordance with the semantic features. The second part of the study is devoted to the comparative linguistic, cultural and semantic analysis of phraseological units expressing the "character of a person" in Russian and Chinese. Methods of classification, lexico-semantic analysis, linguistic and cultural analysis, comparison, generalization are used. The sample of the study includes 400 phraseological units about the character of a person (200 Russian and 200 Chinese), which were studied using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The research contributes to the study of linguistic and cultural peculiarities of the perception of human character by representatives of Russian and Chinese cultures. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the application of comparative lexico-semantic and linguistic-cultural analysis to phraseological units with the meaning of "human character". Russian and Chinese studies of the quantitative correlation of phraseological and semantic groups in the phraseological field with the semantics of "human character" in Russian and Chinese, as well as the identification of cultural and historical features and patterns in the perception of human character traits in the Russian and Chinese language worldviews, revealed the presence of a universal and specific perception of human character. All this made it possible to establish a connection between different historical and social development, the influence of different religious and philosophical teachings in Russia and China, and the perception of human character reflected in the corresponding fragment of the phraseological field.

Syntactic characteristics of literary texts of the XIX century in the aspect of interlanguage translation

The subject of the study is to identify the syntactic characteristics that form the syntax features of the literary works of Russian literature of the XIX century. During the research, similarities and differences of syntactic units of the originals and translations of the novels "Anna Karenina" and "Poor People" were established, as well as the national specifics of their structural, grammatical and functional semantic organization were analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify the syntactic characteristics that form the syntax features of the literary works of Russian literature of the XIX century. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of the original novels by L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina" and F.M. Dostoevsky "Poor People" and their translations into English, made by K. Granett in 1901 and S.D. Hogarth in 1867, respectively, was carried out. The comparative method made it possible to establish similarities and differences of syntactic constructions in the originals of the novels "Anna Karenina", "Poor People" and their translations. The method of linguistic analysis makes it possible to identify syntactic constructions and linguistic units characteristic of literary texts of the XIX century. By means of the contextual analysis method, the dependence of the meaning of these units on the context is analyzed. Within the framework of the study, similarities and differences of syntactic units of originals and translations of the named literary texts were established, as well as the national specifics of their structural, grammatical and functional semantic organization were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to systematically describe syntactic features based on the texts of works of the XIX century written by different authors. The results and materials of the research can be used in the training of specialists in the field of translation, in teaching linguistic disciplines, as well as in the development of theoretical materials on the theory and practice of translation, intercultural communication, syntax, stylistics and linguoculturology. When comparing the originals and translations of novels, cases were identified when the emotional emphasis laid by the author is shifted or lost in the English-language text. One of the reasons is the discrepancy between the grammatical norms and structures of the Russian and English languages.

Speech and Genre Characteristics of Express Consultation as a New Phenomenon of Medical Discourse

Introduction. The aim of the article is to analyze an extramural express consultation as a genre of oral medical discourse. New telemedicine technologies expand the forms of communication, it results in transformation of the dialogue between a doctor and a patient when communicating online, which requires linguistic research.Methodology and sources. The article is based on the main theses of the theory of speech genres formulated by M.M. Bakhtin, T.A. Van Dijk, O.B. Sirotinina, T.V. Shmeleva and others. The author has taken the scientific works on the study of speech genres of oral medical discourse as the methodological basis of the analysis. This includes the works of V.V. Zhura, E.A. Ponomarenko, M.I. Barsukova and others. The study applies methods of linguistic analysis of recorded online consultations for speech-genre characteristics of express consultations.Results and discussion. The article gives a description of an express consultation, including the following parameters: communicative goal, utterance content, speech roles of communicators, linguistic embodiment of the genre. The author pays special attention to doctor's communicative style and gives its assessment in terms of achieving communicative and consequently professional success. The author also describes a speech-genre scenario of a medical online consultation and a chain of communicative moves in a doctor's speech.Conclusion. The study shows that doctor's every speech act is specified by a complex system of communicative targets, primarily related to informative goals (requesting information from the patient and providing information in the form of an explanation and recommendation) and therapy goals to maintain a patient's psychological and emotional well-being. Communicators' speech behavior is regulated by the institutional roles of «an agent» and «a client» of an institution, native speakers having their own invariants. The utterance content is specified by a patient's specific complaint and is organized in accordance with the stages of a medical consultation. The study concludes that genre competence as a part of communicative competence in the form of online communication is the most important professional tool of a consulting specialist.

Linguocultural and conceptual features in poetic works

Relevance. The relevance of the work is conditioned upon the need to study conceptual systems in national literatures from the standpoint of different approaches. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to explore and analyze modern literature, particularly Kazakh poetry, through linguistic and cultural lenses, aiming to elucidate the conceptual core and periphery of national identity while considering global influences and the integration of international concepts into the Kazakh poetic tradition. Methodology. The methodology of the article involves a comprehensive exploration of linguistic, cultural, and conceptual analysis methods applied to the study of Kazakh poetry, emphasizing the interplay between linguistic expression and cultural context, with a focus on identifying and interpreting key thematic and symbolic elements within the poetry of Zhyrau and other Kazakh poets, ultimately aiming to advance understanding of national identity and literary traditions. Results. In the article, the problems of analysing literary texts on the example of the poetry of Zhyrau and the creativity of Kazakh poets are thoroughly and voluminously comprehended, the conceptual systems of these authors with the key (basic) dominants of the steppe, Homeland, native land, home, childhood memories, natural philosophical sketches (description of the beauty of nature, the change of seasons) are represented. Conclusions. The materials used in the work may in the future become useful for continuing the in-depth study of the conceptual foundations of modern Kazakh poetry, analysing the reintegration of Eurasian concepts into a stable national system, tracking changes, opportunities for reinterpretation, developing the poetic arsenal in a semantic-linguistic and ideological way, understanding linguocultural, psycholinguistic, communicative, conceptual processes in the interdisciplinary study of Kazakh literary tradition.

The Ethno-Philosophical Context of Stative Verbs in the Germanic Languages

The aim of the research is to study the ethno-philosophical context associated with the stative verbs in order to determine the ways in which it reproduces cultural features, identity, and ways of thinking. The research employed the method of corpus analysis, the method of linguistic analysis, and the method of comparative analysis of two lan-guages. It is important to note that the use of different verbs to express a state in Eng-lish and German can have an effect on the perception of time and duration of a state. For example, in English “to be” can indicate the duration of a state, while “sein” in German can be used to express a state at a specific moment in time. This may reflect differences in the perception of time and emphasis on the temporality or duration of a state in each language. The analysis found significant differences in the expression of states, which reflect the cultural features and specifics of each language. This study opens up prospects for further research on the impact of cultural context on linguistic structures and may have important applications in the practice of translation. Further research can focus on a more detailed study of the semantic and syntactic features of expressions of state in languages.

Krytyczna analiza tezy o przydatności idei metafory konceptualnej w wykładni prawa

Since George Lakoff and Mark Johnson published a book entitled Metaphors We Live By, metaphors and their role in everyday life have been recognised. Metaphor has henceforth ceased to be a means only of poetic imagination and rhetorical embellishment. It began to be seen also as a form of human thinking, a tool of cognition. Metaphor began to be seen in areas of life where it had hitherto been absent. These areas included law. However, the enthusiasm of authors who see the great role of metaphorical imagery in law is not justified. An analysis of the examples of metaphors in legal texts given in scientific studies indicates too much freedom in qualifying certain expressions as metaphors and seeing their role or usefulness where there is none – that is, also in legal texts and in the interpretation of law. Metaphors are mistaken for phraseological compounds and for previously metaphorical expressions that have permanently lost this character as a result of conventionalization or lexicalisation. The potential effect of adopting a cognitivist perspective has previously been otherwise achieved in the legal sciences at the expected level. The results indicated as possible with the tools of cognitive science are nothing new, and the possibility of achieving them is either debatable or impossible. The conceptual metaphor, on the other hand, can play an important role when it comes to the justification of judicial or administrative decisions, the content of law textbooks, statements of doctrinal representatives with regard to the law Using the language of cognitive science, the radial structures of legal and ethical concepts can more promisingly be made the subject of research, which can enable the coexistence of humans and artificial intelligence. The research material was mainly investigated using the method of linguistic analysis.