Methodological Recommendations Research Articles

Actual issues of improvement of types of official training of police officers

In the article, the authors provided a description of the types of service training, namely functional training, general training, tactical training, fire training, physical training. It was concluded that in order to improve the professional training of police officers, it is urgent to implement the measures of structural revision of its varieties, as well as qualitative updating of its content, taking into account the modern challenges that exist in police activity, the development of the National Police at the current stage of state formation. Taking into account the content of training on functional training, it has been proven that it would be more correct to talk about “functional and legal training”, which is proposed to be defined as a set of measures aimed at the acquisition and improvement of police knowledge, abilities and skills in the field of regulatory and legal support of official activities, features of police activity, taking into account the specifics of the functional duties of police officers, necessary for the successful performance of their official duties. It was emphasized the need to improve the name of the “life safety” component of general training, replacing it with the name “policeman’s personal safety and life safety”. The expediency of mastering tactical medicine by police officers was determined, which was proposed to be added to the component of pre-medical training. The need to include issues of improving the tactics of driving a company car in tactical training has been proven; effective use of the main varieties of special equipment, technical devices, technical means and specialized software, in particular, the tactics of using UAVs; tactics of police actions under the influence of sources of ionizing radiation. The position of scientists regarding the need to form a new model of physical training within the framework of service training of police officers with the implementation of NATO standards is supported, for which the following measures are proposed: studying the positive experience of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in terms of developing methodological recommendations for individual physical training of servicemen according to NATO standards; review of standards for physical training; creation of a typical program of physical training within the framework of official training of police officers. The need to introduce a new type of training in the system of police officer training – “general military training” – has been proven.

Dynamic Interpersonal Processes at Work: Taking Social Interactions Seriously

Dynamic interpersonal processes are the core foundation of many phenomena of interest to organizational psychology and organizational behavior scholars. This article views the organization as a system of social interaction. From this vantage point, I present a selective review of the current literature that supports a behavioral interaction perspective of interpersonal processes at work. I organize insights into phenomena such as (emergent) leadership, team processes, change management, coaching, selection, and negotiation according to the respective interaction constellation (i.e., dyadic, group, or across the organizational boundary). For each of these constellations, I highlight key empirical insights into behavioral interaction dynamics at the core of each interpersonal phenomenon. I discuss gaps and derive commonalities across different interaction constellations. To promote the consistent pursuit of a social interaction perspective and theory-method alignment, I derive a future research agenda including methodological recommendations for identifying meaningful patterns of social interaction at work.

Lifestyle monitoring of declarants in a state of martial law

Lifestyle monitoring of declarants is one of the financial control mechanisms introduced in 2014 with the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”. The National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) was designated as an entity responsible for the lifestyle monitoring of declarants. By the beginning of the full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022, the NACP had completed only a few dozen monitorings. However, after the suspension of mandatory e-declaring as well as full audits of e-declarations due to the introduction of martial law, the NACP intensified its activities on lifestyle monitoring. Until the fall of 2023, the NACP had conducted monitoring based on the direct provisions of Articles 514, 522 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” and internal methodological recommendations. In October 2023, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine introduced several important amendments to the law on lifestyle monitoring. Following this, the NACP approved a separate Procedure for lifestyle monitoring of declarants which was registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The new Procedure defines key terms, establishes a list of information sources for monitoring, determines the manner of recording monitoring results and regulates a number of other procedural issues. Although the adoption of the Procedure is a positive development, the document has certain legal flaws. These include the absence of deadlines for the monitoring procedure, failure to establish auto-distribution of monitorings among NACP employees, and a controversial form of envisaging the final results of the monitoring. The law enforcement practice in lifestyle monitoring is actively developing. Only in 2023 the NACP launched 621 and completed 552 lifestyle monitorings. However, to guarantee full compliance with the principles of legality, legal certainty, and respect for private and family life, the NACP should eliminate the above flaws of the Procedure and adopt special lifestyle monitoring procedures for judges and judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of the law.

К вопросу о содержании заключения специалиста («рецензии») и проблемах его использования в судопроизводстве

The authors study the content of a specialist's opinion (review): a currently popular expert opinion evaluation method. It is noted that the name "review" does not fully refl ect the essence and content of the document prepared by a specialist based on an analysis of an expert opinion. The authors study in detail the content of specialist's analytical activities, mention the competence limits. The author suggests the structure of a specialist's opinion and notes some problems arising in the course of its use in the proving process. The paper arrives at a conclusion about the need to develop methodological recommendations for carrying out an analytical study of an expert opinion by a specialist.

Palliative Care Experiences Among Adults From Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Patients from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups (URGs) in the United States (US) experience disparities in accessing palliative care (PC) at the end of life (EOL). Additionally, little effort has been made to understand their experiences with PC. To identify and synthesize existing literature on PC experiences among adults from URGs in nursing homes, community settings, and hospitals in the US. Guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological recommendation and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, we conducted a scoping review. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global from inception to January 2024. We included five studies representing Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, African/Black American, and Chinese individuals. Data were organized around two themes: navigating PC pathway and choices and practices during PC. Navigating PC pathway theme highlights that despite the several barriers URGs face when accessing PC, they seek PC services due to their limited formal family assistance in managing their chronic conditions and pain. The choices and practices during PC theme emphasize the roles URG family members play in EOL care, the patient's care preferences, and their spiritual practices and beliefs related to EOL care. This scoping review reveals limited literature about URG experiences with PC and highlights the need for more studies to focus on making PC services more accessible to URGs and providing culturally sensitive care to meet the needs of the diverse growing US population.

Перспективы развития рынка мяса и мясной продукции России в условиях новых вызовов

Abstract. Topicality of adjusting the targets of agri-food policy and food security policy in Russia is determined by changes in both external and internal conditions for agri-food complex functioning. Macroeconomic forecasts create the basis for revising and adapting the directions of development of the main sectors of the agri-food complex. The purpose of this study is to develop alternative forecasts for the production and consumption of main types of meat and meat products in Russia to substantiate strategies for domestic market development. Methods. General scientific methods of cognition were used, such as dialectics, analysis and synthesis, and monographic methods. Forecast calculations were carried out using economic and mathematical methods. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: the development of a methodological approach to substantiate the prospects for the development of meat and meat products production considering the balance of the meat products market and the consistency of conflicting targets in the field of import substitution, physical and economic accessibility of food for the country's population. The methodological recommendations developed during the study can serve as the scientific basis for midterm development programs of individual segments of the Russian food market. Results. It was revealed that in the short term, new challenges related to economic sanctions and COVID-19 had minor impact on the meat and meat products market. Limiting barriers to development are systemic economic problems: demographic situation and low real income. Alternative forecasts for development of markets for the main types of meat were developed.

Определение селекционной ценности сортов и гибридов подсолнечника с помощью кластерного и факторного анализов

Abstract. The creation of highly productive sunflower varieties and hybrids adapted to the conditions of cultivation regions depends on the use of source material with high genetic diversity. The purpose of the study is to study the variability of agronomic characters in sunflower varieties and hybrids created in various breeding centers, their correlation, and to group genotypes according to a set of economically valuable indicators, using multivariate statistics methods. Methods. The research was carried out on the Right bank of the Saratov region on the experimental field of the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region in 2021–2023. The objects of research were varieties and new experimental hybrids bred by epy Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region (31 varieties and hybrids) and V. S. Pustovoyt All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (12 hybrids). To evaluate the breeding material, generally accepted methodological recommendations were used. Results. 43 varieties and hybrids of sunflower were assessed according to 8 agronomic characters. It was established a low degree of variability in yield (V=9.4%); as well as of plant height (V = 7.8 %); anthode diameter (V = 5.2 %); in unit (V = 5.3 %); and of oil content (V = 5.7 %). Average variability was revealed in the weight of 1000 seeds (V = 16.0 %); anthode area (V = 11.1 %); oil crop (V = 15.8 %). Correlation analysis made it possible to identify 8 significant connections at the 5.0 % level. High correlation coefficients were established between oilseed yield and unit (r = 0.7), as well as between anthode diameter and anthode area (r = 0.83). As a result of factor analysis, 8 characteristics were reduced to 5 factors (loading above 5.0 %) with a total variance of 90.95 %. Clustering by minimum Euclidean distances allowed the studied genotypes to be grouped into 10 clusters, including from 1 to 16 genotypes at the 33rd step. The identified clusters can be considered as independent groups for inclusion in the selection process. Scientific novelty. An attempt was made to group varieties and new experimental sunflower hybrids created in various breeding centers according to the similarities and differences of the main agronomic characters in the arid conditions of the Saratov region.

Using Two-Way Immersion Program in Teaching English in Kazakhstan: Teachers’ View

The Program of Two-way immersion is a form of integration students from two different groups and contemporary studying of two languages and subjects on these languages. The method as a method was appeared in Canada in the early 1960s. The program of TWI adherence to the following criteria: 1. The number of students is the same in two group; 2) groups gathered into one group according to the main subjects; 3) all main subjects are taught in two languages simultaneously. Two types of TWI program: 50\50; 90\10. This qualitative study aims to examine teachers’ views on the implementation the bilingual program into educational process of Kazakhstan. The literature review showed that Two-way immersion program is one of the innovative methods within the trilingual education of Kazakhstan, that not sufficiently studied and approved. It was hypothesized that TWI program makes an effect on trilingualism of Kazakhstan. For checking the awareness of this program, it was conducted an experimental work in Karaganda Buketov University, Kazakhstan. (103 teachers from the faculty of foreign languages, within five departments: Department of foreign philology; Foreign languages department; Department of translation theory and practice; Department of the theory and practice of foreign language training; Department of the practical foreign language course)The results demonstrate that this program is not sufficiently studied, becomes relevant in the educational process and informative, as well as to create the necessary methodological recommendations. The usage of TWI program improves the system of bilingual education in Kazakhstan, expands the level of professional readiness of teachers and students, develops high levels of academic competence and motivation.

How universities study the future: A critical view

Despite recent rapid advances in technology, a skilled workforce continues to play the most important role in the development of national economies. People’s roles as operators, managers, or innovators are rapidly evolving to meet changing social needs. Traditionally, universities and higher education (HE) systems have been responsible for supplying the required knowledge and human resources. However, in the modern world, the nature of these needs is constantly changing, and uncertainties are dominating the socioeconomic future. To address this need, many researchers have attempted to explore how HE can cope with future uncertainties and evolve as a social system, yet there is no comprehensive analysis of methodological guidelines that provide insights into how to develop HE future scenarios. To fill this gap, this research takes a deep literature review approach, conducted by the authors, to examine published and peer-reviewed studies in the area of HE scenario planning over the decade from January 2010 to 2023. This study investigates the exploration of plausible futures by research teams at three levels - global/international, regional/national, and local/university. The findings show that there is a lack of foresight knowledge, which increases the risk of failure exponentially over time. To address these shortcomings, this study proposes a framework for future studies, including environmental factors that will impact higher education and methodological recommendations to equip researchers for the challenges ahead. It also emphasizes the need to appreciate the complexity of HE systems and the role of wildcards and weak signals in shaping future disruptive trends. This research offers valuable guidance to researchers seeking to engage in scenario development for HE in the face of uncertainty.

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF PREDICTED FAILURES IN THE USE OF RUSSIAN VERB TYPES BY CHINESE STUDENTS

In Chinese, verb aspect is expressed by verbs in combination with various linguistic means. Based on the difference between the verb aspect system of Russian and Chinese languages and the possible expressions of verb aspect in Russian, this paper aims to predict possible errors in the use of Russian verb aspect. In order to check the correctness of our analysis, a special diagnostic test was conducted. The test results show that the errors made by Chinese students primarily do not stem from the influence of their native language, but from the fact that students are not able to assess the situation, cannot find or even see certain reference points, available signals, directly indicating the use of this or that verb aspect. Errors are explained by elementary ignorance of the verb forms, especially in such cases as брать — взять, ловить — поймать and ignorance of the formation of the verb form itself, for example, the formation of the imperative form, etc. This is the result of insufficient training of students. In this case, the problem is not in students, but, firstly, in the complexity of the topic itself, and, secondly, in the method of teaching. We believe that it is necessary to give students a clear scheme of verb aspect meanings and identify those signals that can help students choose the type of a verb adequate to the situation of communication; the course of studying the verb aspect should be long enough, because strong and stable skills of the correct use of verb aspect are formed only as a result of gradual and regular work on the types of the verb, made over a long period of time. The results of this work can also serve as a starting point for determining not only the content of verb types teaching exercises, but also for developing methodological recommendations for them.

IN MEMORY OF DOCTOR OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR SVITLANA IGNATOVA

Problem. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Svitlana Oleksandrivna Ignatova dedicated her entire life to several scientific institutions in Odesa: V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (1964–1970), All-Union Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (1970–1991), the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation (1991–1999 and 2012–2018), and the South Plant Biotechnological Center of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (2000–2012). Her life and work were inextricably linked to the development of agricultural biotechnology in Ukraine. Aim. The purpose of our research was to honor the memory of Professor S. O. Ignatova, to highlight the main biographical data and the results of her scientific and pedagogical activities. Results. S. O. Ignatova fruitfully worked on theoretical and applied problems of agricultural crops biotechnology and was a pioneer in the use of achievements in Ukraine regarding the successful application in the selection process of the source material obtained by in vitro methods of tissue, organ and cell culture. Under the leadership of Svitlana Oleksandrivna, the principles and complete technology of accelerated production of linear varieties of barley and wheat with the use of haploproducers were developed. The barley varieties – Odessky 115th and Prairie, which were sown on a large area in Ukraine, were created using this technology. The great attention of S. O. Ignatova was devoted to the training of scientific personnel (graduate students, interns and students). Conclusions. S. O. Ignatova’s scientific legacy was a long-term fundamental research in the biotechnology of major agricultural crops, which was a significant contribution to the development of advanced areas of Ukrainian and world science. Svitlana Oleksandrivna was the author of more than 300 scientific works, including monographs, patents, scientific and methodological manuals, methodological recommendations, author’s certificates and publications in leading scientific journals. The life story of S. O. Ignatova is continued by her students, remembering the bright image of their professor – an energetic, determined and inspired woman.

Дополнительное профессиональное образование как важное условие развития профессиональной компетентности государственных и муниципальных служащих

The article examines the role of additional professional education in professional development of state and municipal employees. The main advantages of obtaining additional education are considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze methodological recommendations for the training and retraining of state and municipal employees, taking into account the main directions of scientific and technological progress using the analysis and collection of statistical data on the educational level of state and municipal employees. In conclusion, the results are summarized and conclusions are drawn about the importance of professional development through additional education.

Conceptual and methodological recommendations for assessing the empirical validity of process measures of health care quality.

Conceptual and methodological recommendations for assessing the empirical validity of process measures of health care quality.

The Efficiency of Financing Environmental Protection Measures in the Context of Ukraine’s Future Membership in the EU

In recent decades, humanity has had a significant negative impact on the environment. This problem can be solved only by establishing a rational environmental management policy and ensuring an effective financial policy in the context of balancing emissions and expenditures on environmental protection measures. The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of financing environmental protection measures by determining the dependence of pollutant emissions on environmental protection expenditures in Ukraine and the European Union. The following methods were used for the study: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, specification, and statistical and graphical methods. The statistical information was systematized on the basis of open data from the Open Budget web portal, the State Statistics Service, and Eurostat. This study identified the dynamics of revenues from environmental taxes in Ukraine; taxes on air emissions prevail. Most of the expenditures are made from the state budget. According to the functional classification, environmental expenditures are mainly aimed at preventing and eliminating environmental pollution. The dynamics of capital investments in environmental protection were also studied. To assess the effectiveness of the state policy in the field of environmental protection, we analyzed the dependence of pollutant emissions in Ukraine, Poland, and Romania on the amount of environmental expenditures and investments in this area and revenues from environmental tax. In Ukraine, the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere depends mostly on investments in this area; in Poland—on revenues from environmental taxes; and in Romania—on expenditures on environmental protection. It has been established that the obtained models are adequate and can be used to build future forecasts of pollutant emissions. Directions for the development of financial and environmental policy are proposed. Post-war restoration of the environmental situation should be carried out on the basis of sustainable development, focusing on the European Green Deal A triple-task approach should be implemented, including environmental restoration, the minimization of negative climate change and balanced use of resources, and the expansion of powers of the relevant ministry with a focus on the strategic goals of the state policy. It is necessary to develop methodological recommendations according to international standards to assess the real state of the environment.

Regulatory and legal regulation of financing the activities of forensic institutions in the Russian Federation

The authors of the article, based on a comparative legal analysis of the system of sources of legal regulation of financing of forensic institutions, as well as domestic scientific literature, propose to “transfer: the signs of the system to the concept of a mechanism. Within the framework of the system analysis carried out, the authors of the article proceed from the definition of the system of financial and legal mechanisms for ensuring forensic expert activity as an object of public administration, which is a legal relationship regulated by the norms of law to achieve the set goals and objectives, the use of methods, tools and rules having monetary, organizational, accounting and control content. The article substantiates the need for an integrative approach to the definition of a system of financial and legal mechanisms for ensuring judicial expert activity as a single system subject to legal regulation. The authors propose to define the mechanism of financial support for the activities of a forensic expert institution/organization as a system of education from the norms and institutions of national law contained not only in regulatory legal acts relating to various branches of legislation, but also local acts of state and non-state institutions and organizations; legal and technical documents, among which should be mentioned instructional letters, regulations, methodological recommendations, technical standards, GOST standards, etc., as well as contracts of normative content that ensure international cooperation on forensic activities.

Study results of the spring vetch varieties (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Spring vetch is a valuable leguminous plant that serves as a source of high-protein feed for farm animals, and due to its ability to fix nitrogen, it is a good green manure. The cultivation of this crop plays an important role in solving the problem of plant protein deficiency; however, in the Cis-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan, productivity of vetch seeds and green mass is low and unstable over the years. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to estimate the potential productivity of spring vetch varieties that would be promising for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of our region. Field trials were conducted in 2021–2023. Weather conditions during the years of study were contrasting in temperature and moisture availability. The material for the study was a set of spring vetch varieties ‘Omichka 3’, ‘Orlovskaya 91’, ‘Lugovskaya 98’, ‘Lgovskaya 22’, ‘Yubileinaya 110’, ‘Uzunovskaya 8’, ‘Valentina’, recommended for cultivation in the Ural region of the Russian Federation. The estimation, records and measurements were carried out in accordance with the Methodological recommendations for the study of the grain legumes’ collection (1975) and the Methodology for the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops (2019). As a result, there has been found that in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan the spring vetch varieties ‘Lgovskaya 22’, ‘Omichka 3’, ‘Uzunovskaya 8’ with a vegetation period length of 74.3±11.6 – 75.7±12.1 days turned out to be the most earlymaturing. According to the indicators of the main yield structure elements, the varieties ‘Valentina’, ‘Uzunovskaya 8’, ‘Yubileinaya 110’ were the best in terms of ‘number of beans per plant’ (4.4±0.7 – 4.9±1.3 pcs.), ‘seeds per plant’ (18.1± 5.9 – 18.5±6.8 pcs.), ‘seed productivity’ (0.90±0.26 – 0.96±0.27g). According to our study, the most promising varieties for production in the Republic of Bashkortostan are ‘Uzunovskaya 8’ and ‘Valentina’, which were the best ones in terms of productivity of grain (1.25–1.29 t/ha), green mass (6.40–6.53 t/ha) and hay (1.61–1.65 t/ha) in 2021–2023.

Does conversation lead to better searches? Investigating single-shot and multi-turn spoken searches with children

Interactive speech technologies such as Siri and Amazon Echo allow people to search for information via speech. These systems generally take a single spoken statement or query as input, which may not be enough to fully capture the user’s information need. Therefore, multi-turn conversations have been proposed to establish more detail. A conversational approach can particularly benefit children who experience more difficulty formulating precise queries. We carried out a study with 32 children comparing multi-turn conversations with single-shot (or Query-Response) interactions. We compared the descriptions of the information needs, as well as children’s search experience. Findings indicate that more elaborate descriptions of children’s information needs (more keywords) were gathered through conversational search, leading to more focused search results compared with the Query-Response search. Further analysis of children’s responses yielded insights into their preferences for conversing with speech-based interfaces. This paper also offers design and methodological recommendations for conversational agents that support children’s information search.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МНОГОЛЕТНЕЙ ДИНАМИКИ ВНЕСЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ И ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ХАКАСИЯ ЗА 1966–2022 гг.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the application of mineral and organic fertilizers for arable land in the conditions of the Republic of Khakassia for the period 1966–2022. The object of the study is the long-term dynamics of mineral and organic fertilizers. Calculations were performed in accordance with the methodology set out in the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation “On approval of methods for quantitative determination of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas removals” dated May 27, 2022. Data are provided on the introduction of carbon in fertilizers for the period from 1966 to 2022. The area of arable land decreased from 732.0 thousand hectares in 1966 to 559.6 thousand hectares in 2022. The historical minimum and maximum were observed, respectively, for the area of arable land in 2004 (407 thousand hectares) and 1962–1988. (732 thousand hectares), for organic and mineral fertilizers in 2004 (644.1 tons) and in 1989 (37,830.6 tons). In 2022, the total amount of fertilizers applied was 65.1 tons for organic fertilizers, 3,620.6 tons for mineral fertilizers. The range of carbon values in fertilizers was 91.5–25,743.6 tons. There was a decrease in the amount of carbon supplied with fertilizers (from 9002.2 to 1133.1 tons). In 2022, an analysis of the gross values of carbon input with plant residues was carried out. In 2022, 1,501.8 t C ∙ year–1 was added to the arable land with plant residues. Most of them were introduced with wheat. Methodological recommendations were compiled to improve analytical reporting on carbon in agrocenoses, including support for farms implementing measures to accumulate carbon in the soil. It is proposed to create a carbon balance module for agroecosystems in a carbon sequestration database. The proposed solutions will allow monitoring the carbon balance of agroecosystems in the Republic of Khakassia.

Программный комплекс для дифференциальной оценки риска здоровью населения от воздействия шума железнодорожного и автомобильного транспорта

Objective: in the modern world, the number of vehicles on the roads is growing exponentially, and the infrastructure either remains unchanged or is changing, but it is not happening as fast as we would like [1]. Long-term effects of noise exposure, such as disorders of the cardiovascular system (high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, etc.), the nervous system (sleep disorder, cognitive impairment, vegetative vascular dystonia), diseases of the ear and mastoid process (conductive and sensorineural hearing loss), depression and other mental disorders [2, 3, 4], are more related to indicators that sum up the noise exposure over a long time. Both when conducting tests by accredited specialists and when choosing housing for buyers, you have to rely on an analytical or practical way to assess the noise pollution of a room. In order to provide a person with a simple and objective way to assess noise pollution, a software package has been developed that allows assessing the impact of noise pollution from transport on public health. Methods: quantitative risk assessment was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of MP 2.1.10.0059-12 “Assessment of public health risk from exposure to traffic noise”. Results: in order to automate calculations, unify the evaluation of results and reduce time costs, the authors propose a software package for differential assessment of public health risks from exposure to rail and road transport. The end product is a user-friendly, cross-platform application for operational risk assessment in the field for employees of test centers who measure noise from known sources of automobile, railway or combined traf fic flows. Practical importance: convenience and optimization of risk processing by noise measurements by employees of noise measurement laboratories using the application.

Оценка ущерба, наносимого загрязняющими веществами от выхлопных газов транспортных средств при реконструкции автомобильной дороги

Purpose: assessment of damage caused by pollutants from vehicle exhaust gases during highway construction. The roadbed is one of the most important elements of a highway structure, presented in the form of a mass of soil and receiving static and dynamic loads from vehicles. The increasing intensity of road transport has a negative impact on the environment. The main causes of environmental damage are overloads at intersections, and their effects are delayed in time. For example, when a city highway is laid through an uninhabited area, the damage incurred is less than when the highway passes through densely populated residential areas and is adjacent to urban areas. Poor traffic management leads to environmental damage. The volume of emissions of harmful substances is determined by the mileage of vehicles, depends on various factors and is related to the total fuel consumption. An urgent task is to supplement the Methodological Recommendations for the selection of rational roadbed structures and their feasibility study with an indicator that takes into account environmental pollution, including greenhouse gas emis such as this is required in accordance with [1]. Methods: Taking as a basis the existing methodological recommendations for the selection of rational subgrade structures on weak foundations and their feasibility study [2], calculations were made on the basis of which it is possible to draw a conclusion about the amount of exhaust gases emitted by reducing the flow rate during activities for the reconstruction of the highway. The main concept underlying the methodological document is the optimization of design solutions based on their comprehensive technical and economic assessment, carried out in terms of capital and operating costs, significant socio-economic effects and the duration of the construction period. Results: a feasibility study and a technical and economic comparison of design solutions for the reconstruction of the highway were carried out in terms of widening the roadbed built on soft soils. Practical significance: Calculations are included in the basis of practical recommendations for the use of design solutions for the construction of roadbeds on soft soils, which gives a clear idea of the technical and economic feasibility oftheir use in various operating conditions.