Metal Wire Mesh Research Articles

Optimizing energy absorption and peak force in metal/glass fiber sandwich panels with trapezoidal cores

Sandwich panels with trapezoidal metal/glass fiber cores are increasingly popular due to their lightweight and energy-absorption properties. This study employs response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design to investigate the effects of core angle, fiber orientation, and MCM-48 nanoparticles on the panels’ energy absorption and peak force, developing regression models with high R2 values of 0.9027 and 0.9228, respectively. Experimental tests were conducted to validate these models, showing minimal deviation from predicted values. Results indicate that increasing the fiber orientation angle from 30° to 90° enhances energy absorption and peak force by 72.18 and 46.9%, respectively, and adding MCM-48 nanoparticles up to 0.25% weight improves energy absorption by 60.8%. A core angle of 52° balances energy absorption and peak force, while integrating a metal wire mesh within the panels significantly enhances energy absorption and reduces core brittleness. The optimal parameters for maximum energy absorption and minimum peak force include a core angle of 58°, fiber orientation of 73.5°, and no nanoparticles. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of sandwich panels for various applications.

Heat transfer enhancement in pressurized solar cavity receivers with densely packed metallic wire mesh

Pressurized solar receivers are promising candidates as heat sources for integration with high-efficiency closed-loop air and supercritical carbon-dioxide based Brayton cycles. This paper focuses on the heat transfer enhancement of such a solar receiver using inline stacked wire mesh fibers in the heat transfer fluid flow path. The study involves modelling, characterization, and performance evaluation of a cavity-receiver with densely packed wire meshes. A new experimentally validated hybrid numerical approach is presented for modelling the inline stacked wire mesh layers. Initially, a direct numerical simulation at the pore scale on a representative elementary volume (REV) of the wire mesh geometry is performed for determining the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of the medium. Subsequently, these hydrodynamic and thermal properties are used to define a volume-averaged macroscopic porous medium. Experiments are performed using a rectangular channel stacked with stainless steel wire meshes, heated using a plate heater, and pressurized air supplied using a reciprocating compressor. Both numerical and experimental studies are performed for a Reynolds number range of 28 to 213 resulting in a Nusselt number range of 7.2 to 213. The porous medium model predictions for pressure gradient are within 17 %, while predictions for outlet air temperature are within 5 % of the experimentally obtained values. The study predicts a maximum heat transfer enhancement of five times in a channel stacked with wire meshes compared to the case of a clear channel, but incurring a peak pressure drop of only about 1.1 kPa.

Numerical Investigation on the Thermal Characteristics of Lightweight Metal Mesh-Based Reflector Antenna with Various Knitting Conditions

Proper prediction of the temperature variation in a metallic wire mesh for spaceborne large deployable reflector antennas is essential for evaluating the dimensional stability of the antenna under extreme on-orbit thermal environments. However, predicting the temperature of a mesh is difficult because of its complex yarn configuration. To analyze the thermal behavior of the spaceborne mesh antenna reflector, the thermal optical characteristics with various knitting methods of the metallic mesh were obtained experimentally in this study. Subsequently, to analyze the thermal sensitivity of the reflector based on its optical properties, an on-orbit thermal analysis of the mesh reflector was performed based on measurements of the mesh specimen. We also investigated the influence of deployable solar panels on the thermal gradient of the reflector.

Composite manufacturing of metal porous thin strip with metal wire mesh and powder

Porous metal materials are applied in various industries, among which powder rolling is the most widely used process for preparing porous metal materials. Then, metal porous materials prepared solely from powder as raw materials have the disadvantage of low mechanical properties, while wire mesh as reinforcement can effectively improve tensile strength. The preparation process of wire mesh powder composite is complex and requires the addition of adhesives. In this article, the mechanical properties of thin metal strips prepared by powder and wire mesh composite vertical rolling were much higher than those prepared by pure powder. Moreover, this thin strip had porous characteristics, and the preparation process was simple and easy to promote. This research could provide a reference for the powder metallurgy field, especially for the preparation of metal porous materials by vertical rolling.

1-Port Quality Factor Derivation Method for Enclosure with Metallic Wire Mesh

1-Port Quality Factor Derivation Method for Enclosure with Metallic Wire Mesh

Energy absorption in expanding metallic wire mesh tubes

The deformation process and energy absorption of metal wire mesh tubes under quasi-static expanding by a hemispherical-cylindrical indenter were investigated by experimental tests, finite element (FE) simulations and analytical modelling. Stainless steel and aluminum alloy tubes were tested on an MTS universal testing machine at a speed of 10 mm/min. The effects of mesh cell size and friction coefficient on the quasi-static force and specific energy absorption (SEA) were examined by FE analysis and analytical modelling. The analysis reveals that a combination of the mesh cell size and cross section dimension of the wire governs the energy absorption of tubes of equal overall dimension (diameter and length) and masses. In general, a decrease of the size of cells with constant height-to-width ratios leads to an increase of the specific energy absorption mainly due to the increased number of cells within the deformed region. An increase of the specific energy absorption is also achieved when the cell size is reduced by only decreasing the cell height. The maximum indenter force predicted by the proposed analytical model of the expanded tube deformation agrees well with the experimental results and FE simulations.

Study on the Particle Deposition Characteristics of Transpiration Cooling Structures with Sintered Wire Mesh.

Transpiration cooling based on a porous structure has an ultra-high cooling efficiency, which is expected to be one solution to improve the cooling technology of aero-engine turbine blades. However, particulate impurities in the gas flow channel continue to deposit on the surface of turbine components, blocking cooling holes, which causes great harm to the cooling of turbine blades. In this study, a sintered metal mesh plate was selected as the transpiration cooling structure, and the evolution of particle deposition quality and deposition thickness on the transpiration cooling surface with time, as well as spatial distributions of particle deposition thickness at different times, were explored through experimental and simulation methods. The results showed that, with the increase in spray time, deposition quality and maximum deposition thickness of the transpiration cooling surface gradually increased. Along the main-stream direction, when spray time was short, deposition thickness was higher in a narrow range upstream of the experimental specimen. With the increase in spray time, deposition thickness gradually decreased along the direction of the transpiration cooling mainstream. In the spanwise direction, when spray time was very short, deposition thickness in the spanwise direction was more consistent and, after spray time increased further, the deposition thickness distribution began to tend to a "∩"-type distribution. It can be seen from the simulation results of the metal wire mesh particle deposition that particles were easily deposited on the windward side of the metal wire in the main-stream direction, which agreed with the experimental distribution characteristics of the metal wire mesh deposition. Moreover, the increase in blowing ratio reduced the deposition of particles on the wall of the metal wire mesh.

Effect of horizontal insertion of metal wire mesh into the flame on the formation and suppression of soot in acetylene diffusion flame

A simple and efficient strategy to suppress soot from acetylene diffusion flames is reported for the first time. Horizontally insertion of metal wire mesh into the acetylene diffusion flame is found to greatly suppress the soot emission. The effects of experimental parameters such as acetylene flow rate, wire mesh height above nozzle (WHAN), material of wire mesh, mesh number, and inner diameter of the burner nozzle on soot suppression in acetylene diffusion flames are investigated. In addition, the collected soot samples are characterized by TEM, HRTEM, XRD, BET and Raman. The soot suppression efficiency can reach 100 % by horizontal insertion of the metal wire mesh in the acetylene diffusion flame. The WHAN has a great influence on the effect of soot suppression. In the first 210 s of horizontally inserting the metal wire mesh into the flame, the total mass of collected soot first decreases and then increases with the increase of WHAN. The minimum total mass of soot is achieved when the normalized WHAN (obtained by dividing the wire mesh height above nozzle by flame height without insertion of the wire mesh) is at 0.1. This position corresponds to the soot particle inception zone of the acetylene diffusion flame. The flame is divided into two parts when the metal wire mesh is horizontally inserted into the flame. The temperature of the flame below the metal wire mesh decreases from 1770 K to 1480 K. The temperature of the flame above the metal wire mesh increases from 1590 K to 1780 K. The soot collected on the metal wire mesh grows into a volcano-shaped carbon (VSC) structure. The results of the schlieren imaging experiments show that this structure can promote the mixing of air and fuel in the lower region of the flame thereby suppressing the formation of soot particles. The soot analysis shows that the horizontal insertion of metal wire mesh into the flame leads to high amorphous feature and low degree of structural order of the soot, which means that the oxidation reactivity of the soot increases.

Experimental study on the effect of inverted aperture plate temperature on frosting characteristics under rising flow considering edge effect

To reduce the negative impact of frost formation on cold surfaces in low-temperature environments, metal wire mesh can be set in the air flow direction from the cold surface to reduce air humidity. To quantitatively determine the effectiveness of dehumidification after passing through a metal wire, the frosting process needs to be studied. To analyze the mechanism of frost formation under the horizontal wire mesh surface, the wire mesh was simplified as a flat plate with holes, or aperture plate, with plate temperature varying at a range of -15.0 °C to -5.0 °C. The results show that, as the plate temperature decreases, the droplet condensation and growth and droplet solidification stages gradually decrease, the average frost layer thickness and frost layer growth rate rise, and overall frost layer surface roughness increases. For a frosting duration of 1,800 s, compared to -5.0 °C, the average frost layer thickness from -7.5 °C to -15.0 °C inside the hole increased by 56.68 % and 156.41 %, while the plate edge region away from the hole increased by 40.76 % and 169.92 %, respectively. The reverse melting frequency gap between the inside hole region and the plate edge region away from the hole increases with the decreasing aperture plate temperature. At -15.0 °C, the reverse melting frequency inside the hole is 5.00 × 10−3 Hz lower than in the region of the plate edge away from the hole. The results of this article are beneficial for understanding the frosting process of wire mesh or perforated-fin heat exchanger.

Study on the synergy inhibition of ultrafine water mist and metal wire mesh on the syngas explosion

Synergy inhibition of wire mesh and spray mist on syngas explosion was researched. The correspondence between the explosion parameters under success and failure conditions were analyzed, and its influence regular and inhibition mechanism were revealed. An evident difference appeared in the correspondence at different synergy results. Compared with the failure, the pressure of lower end only experienced an acceleration rise under the success condition although the propagation velocity of flame was slightly increased as it approached wire mesh. Corresponding pressure was also reduced. After passing through wire mesh, flame propagation was evidently accelerated due to the turbulence disturbance caused by wire mesh despite the strong endothermic effect of mist. The corresponding explosion reaction rate was also increased. Pressures of two ends did not appear obvious change under the success condition, but the pressure of upper end was evidently reduced compared with the failure. Due to the combined effect of wire mesh disturbance and mist heat absorption, the velocity history showed a change of increasing firstly and then decreasing as the spray time increased after passing through wire mesh. The synergy inhibition was attributed to the combined physical and chemical effects, and was related to the syngas concentration and spray amount.

Analysis of the Impact of Lateral Conduit and Metal Wire Mesh on Methane Explosions

To enhance the deflagration efficiency and protection level of combustible mixed gases in narrow spaces, a small square experimental pipeline system was designed. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of lateral vent pipes and metal wire meshes on the explosion characteristics of methane gas. This study examined the influence of changing the positions of the lateral vent pipes and metal wire meshes in the pipeline on the variation of parameters such as the flame shape, leading speed, and pressure of the methane/air premixed gas in the pipeline. The results indicated that the lateral vent pipes could effectively release part of the energy from the methane explosion, and the release effect was stronger the closer they were to the ignition end. This was significantly more effective in releasing the flame and pressure than when the vent pipes were placed in the middle or at the end of the pipeline. For lateral vent pipes close to the ignition source, their effective release of the not yet fully developed premixed flame allowed the heat absorption, wave absorption, and quenching performance of the installed metal wire mesh in the pipeline to fully exert their effects on the slow-spreading premixed flame. Furthermore, when a metal mesh was installed in the pipeline and the flame could not be extinguished, the flame penetrated the mesh structure, causing the flame front to become unstable and exhibit “irregular wrinkles”. That is, the flame front was no longer smooth, the wrinkles became more pronounced, and the degree of turbulence was enhanced.

Electrical resistivity tomography through reinforced concrete floor

AbstractThe electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method is often challenged by the presence of reinforced concrete (RC) in urban and industrial environments, because the embedded metallic wire mesh can severely distort the distribution of subsurface currents. We investigate one typical scenario in real applications, in which an RC floor overlays the natural topsoil or rock. Our synthetic forward simulations show that the embedded wire mesh behaves like a local good conductor in data of small source‐receiver separations and acts like an equal‐potential object that keeps the potential from decaying at large source‐receiver separations. Routine ERT inversions that ignore the RC cannot work properly because the thin and highly conductive wire mesh may be manifested as large uninterpretable low‐resistivity anomalies in the imaging results. Two remedies are adopted to improve the ERT resolution in such cases. First, we find a top layer with high conductivity in our model to adequately represent the wire mesh; then, we initiate the inversion with the top‐layer model as the starting and reference model. This warm‐start approach overcomes the difficulty of recovering the large conductivity contrast between metallic objects and regular earth materials. Second, underground electrodes are added to the survey array, so more information from depth can be obtained to fight against the dominance of current channelling in the wire mesh. Finally, our strategies are used to invert a real ERT dataset from an indoor manufacturing plant, where RC covers the entire floor of the building and electrodes are in contact with the soil through open holes in the floor. Our simulation and field data inversion verify our findings and demonstrate the effectiveness of our solutions in improving the resolution of ERT when the survey is carried out over RC floor in urban and industrial environments.

Thermo‐Mechanical Characteristics of a Sandwich Cylindrical Shell with Entangled Metallic Wire Mesh: Numerical and Experimental Analysis

As a novel lightweight composite structure with notable mechanical resistance and thermal insulation characteristics in high‐temperature environments, the sandwich cylindrical shell with entangled metallic wire mesh (SCS‐EMWM) has been growing interest in industrial applications. This study focuses on investigating the thermo‐mechanical behavior of the SCS‐EMWM in high‐temperature environments. The static mechanical properties of entangled metal wire mesh (EMWM) are first characterized, and the macroscopic mechanical properties are identified using the Ogden–Mullins model. Subsequently, the deformation modes at different densities and temperatures are analyzed through theoretical and finite element methods. The radial compression test of SCS‐EMWM is performed to characterize its energy dissipation (ΔW), loss factor (η), and secant stiffness (K). The quasi‐static loading‐unloading results of the EMWM reveal a positive correlation between temperature, density, and the mechanical behavior. In addition, as the density and temperature increase, the peak load of SCS‐EMWM continuously increases from 20 to 200 N. Under high‐temperature conditions, the radial compression test of SCS‐EMWM reveals a significant concurrence between experimental and simulation results regarding load variations. Furthermore, in comparison to EMWM, the loss factor of SCS‐EMWM exhibits an approximate increase of 0.1 and shows a positive correlation with temperature, while it decreases with increasing density.

Investigation of Metal Wire Mesh as Support Material for Dieless Forming of Woven Reinforcement Textiles

Within the rapidly growing market for fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), conventional production processes involving molds are not cost-efficient for prototype and small series production. Therefore, new flexible forming techniques are increasingly being researched, many of which have been inspired by incremental sheet metal forming (ISF). Due to the different deformation mechanisms of woven reinforcement fibers and metal sheets, ISF is not directly applicable to FRP. Instead, shear and bending of the fibers need to be realized. Therefore, a new dieless forming process for the production of FRP supported by metal wire mesh as an auxiliary material is proposed. Two standard tools, such as hemispherical punches, are used to locally bend a reversible layup of metal wire mesh and woven reinforcement fiber fabric enclosed in a vacuum bag. Therefore, the mesh aids in introducing shear into the material due to its ability to transmit compressive in-plane forces, and it ensures that the otherwise flexible fabric maintains the intended deformation until the part is cured or solidified. Basic experiments are conducted using thermoset prepreg, woven commingled yarn fabric, and thermoplastic organo sheets, proving the feasibility of the approach.

Reduction in Cold Stress in an Innovative Metabolic Cage Housing System Increases Animal Welfare in Laboratory Mice.

Housing in metabolic cages can induce a pronounced stress response. Metabolic cage systems imply housing mice on metal wire mesh for the collection of urine and feces in addition to monitoring food and water intake. Moreover, mice are single-housed, and no nesting, bedding, or enrichment material is provided, which is often argued to have a not negligible impact on animal welfare due to cold stress. We therefore attempted to reduce stress during metabolic cage housing for mice by comparing an innovative metabolic cage (IMC) with a commercially available metabolic cage from Tecniplast GmbH (TMC) and a control cage. Substantial refinement measures were incorporated into the IMC cage design. In the frame of a multifactorial approach for severity assessment, parameters such as body weight, body composition, food intake, cage and body surface temperature (thermal imaging), mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), fur score, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) were included. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were single-housed for 24 h in either conventional Macrolon cages (control), IMC, or TMC for two sessions. Body weight decreased less in the IMC (females-1st restraint: -6.94%; 2nd restraint: -6.89%; males-1st restraint: -8.08%; 2nd restraint: -5.82%) compared to the TMC (females-1st restraint: -13.2%; 2nd restraint: -15.0%; males-1st restraint: -13.1%; 2nd restraint: -14.9%) and the IMC possessed a higher cage temperature (females-1st restraint: 23.7 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C; males-1st restraint: 23.3 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C) compared with the TMC (females-1st restraint: 22.4 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.5 °C; males-1st restraint: 22.6 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.4 °C). The concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites in the TMC (females-1st restraint: 1376 ng/g dry weight (DW); 2nd restraint: 2098 ng/g DW; males-1st restraint: 1030 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 1163 ng/g DW) was higher compared to control cage housing (females-1st restraint: 640 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 941 ng/g DW; males-1st restraint: 504 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 537 ng/g DW). Our results show the stress potential induced by metabolic cage restraint that is markedly influenced by the lower housing temperature. The IMC represents a first attempt to target cold stress reduction during metabolic cage application thereby producing more animal welfare friendlydata.

Quantitative generation of ROS and their effective photocatalytic antibacterial activity of high-intensity universal P25 network films: The role of ROS

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and utilization were the foundation for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants or anti-bactericidal effect. Especially for solid-phase film photocatalysis, a simple and firm immobilization method that ensured exposure of active sites and effective production of ROS was the key. Presently, a P25 network films was achieved using water-based polyurethane acrylate (WPUA) as adhesive through a simple and convenient direct spraying method. The physical and chemical properties of the P25 network films were characterized and the results showed that P25 was firmly adhered on the metal wire mesh and fully exposed the active sites of P25. Dynamic generation of ROS on 304SS@P25 films interface was systematically investigated. The concentration of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on 10 cm × 3 cm 304SS@P25 after 2 h of UV irradiation were 9.4 ± 0.3 × 10−9 M, 7.6 ± 0.3 × 10−9 M, and 11.7 ± 0.9 × 10−6 M, respectively, which was similar with ROS generation of P25 nanoparticle suspensions. In addition, the ROS-mediated antibacterial effect of 304SS@P25 films was investigated, and a linear correlation was found between the concentration of ROS generated and the E. coli sterilization rate. Furthermore, 304SS@P25 films could be successfully applied in the air sterilizer to exhibit a good bactericidal effect. This ROS-oriented photocatalyst immobilization method opened up a new pathway for water and air purification and provided a new strategy in the field of photocatalytic antibacterial technology.

Effect of metallic reinforcement on the mechanical behaviour of a hybrid polymer composite- a review

Today's industries are actively seeking innovative materials that offer specific advantages, such as low cost, high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, fracture resistance, and excellent moisture resistance. One such advancement is the development of hybrid polymer composite materials, achieved through the combination of different fiber reinforcements like synthetic fibers, natural fibers, and metal wire mesh. This amalgamation of fibers has proven to be a promising method for enhancing the mechanical properties of composite materials. This review paper focuses on studies that have investigated the hybridization of composite materials and its impact on their static and dynamic properties. Notable improvements have been observed in specific tensile strength, low-velocity impact strength, resistance to crack propagation, and fire resistance. The review examines relevant literature that involves the use of metallic reinforcement in the form of wire mesh bound with fibers to create hybrid polymer composite materials. The effects of this hybridization on mechanical performance are assessed through various quasi-static and dynamic tests. Additionally, the paper explores the sustainability of these hybrid materials in various structural applications. Furthermore, the review includes studies on modern modeling and simulation methods used to understand the resulting properties attributed to hybridization.

Acceleration of metal plates by hybridization of electrical and chemical energy for potential application in high-velocity impact welding

Vaporizing foil actuator welding is employed to connect dissimilar metals by utilizing the energy of an electrical explosion as the driving force for flyer plate acceleration. Herein, the electrical and chemical energies of explosives were combined to increase flyer plate velocity. A metal foil or wire mesh was used as an actuator, and a small amount of explosives was placed on the foil. Uniform acceleration of the flyer plate on the actuator was recorded using a high-speed video camera. The electrical energy applied to the actuator was measured synchronously by filming. The explosion of chemical explosives was successfully initiated owing to the electrical explosion of the actuator. In all experiments, the combination of the electrical explosion and chemical reaction improved the acceleration of the samples, facilitating higher velocities. The impact of the actuator type (mesh or foil) and the electric discharge parameters on the performance was studied. While foil actuators were more efficient in experiments on electric explosions alone, mesh actuators were superior when the chemical explosive was added. Explosions of the mesh actuator could initiate low density pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) (the space-filling rate of PETN was approximately 30%). An explosive force of 0.3 g of PETN was converted into a driving force, imparting the flying plate with a velocity greater than 210 m/s. Electrical energy consumption for PETN initiation may be assumed to have an insignificant impact on flyer plate acceleration. In future, the proposed method may be used to connect heavier and thicker materials without expensive high-performance capacitors.

Effect of MWCNT/ Al2O3/ boron nitride fillers based natural/carbon/ innegra fabrics/ SS-WM/ Iron-WM reinforced UV resistant polyester composites

The wide application of natural fiber, inorganic particles, synthetic or metallic fabrics-based composites is the present trend in the field of research. The present investigation focuses on the reinforcement of natural (pineapple leaf, coir, and water hyacinth), inorganic (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide, and boron nitride) fillers, fabrics (jute, flax, carbon, Innegra, and basalt), and metallic wire mesh (stainless steel and iron) in ultra-violet (UV) polyester resin to enhance the physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. It was examined from the experimental results that BfWTMPR (Basalt fabric, water hyacinth, titanium carbide, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced polyester) sample showed higher mechanical properties with tensile, and interlaminar shear strength of 213.91, and 181.5 MPa, respectively. The uniform distribution of fillers, and fiber pull out have been examined from the tensile fracture of the sample using scanning electron microscope. The present investigation also determines the performance and forecasting of the artificial neural network (ANN) to model the material properties of polyester composites. The forecasting of the modeled outcomes was compared with the experiment and examined consistently with the collected values. Statistical analysis was also conducted to examine significance of results under 95% of confidence level. The reliability and importance of such laminates could support replacing the conventional material for automotive applications.

Experimental observation of sub-radiant longitudinal mode and anomalous optical transmission in metallic wire meshes

In conventional plasmonic media and plasmonic metamaterials, such as metallic wire meshes, a longitudinal mode of an electromagnetic wave manifests itself in frequency overlapping transverse modes, which impedes clear observation of longitudinal-mode-specific physical effects. Through interlacing two sets of wire meshes, an ideal band for the longitudinal mode is achieved ranging from zero frequency to plasma frequency, where transverse modes are completely forbidden. The unique spectral separation of modes facilitates the observation of pure longitudinal modes and related plasmonic effects in a bulk medium. We report the microwave experiment of anomalous optical transmission, induced solely by electromagnetic longitudinal mode resonance, below the plasma frequency in such a wire mesh medium.