Metal Wire Mesh Research Articles

Characterization of electromagnetic interference shielding composed of carbon fibers reinforced plastics and metal wire mesh based composites

The efficiency of many electronic devices and energy sources are negatively affected by the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the external sources. In order to enhance the efficiency and the security of those devices, materials having effective electromagnetic interference shielding property are employed as protectors. In this paper, stainless steel, copper or nickel wire mesh (wraps) were woven into carbon fiber reinforced plastics (wefts) to develop materials with the electromagnetic shielding ability. The shielding effectiveness, reflection and absorption losses are investigated for different combinations of metal wire mesh into the composites. It was observed that, the samples showed different behavior to attenuate the electromagnetic interferences depending on the side on which the input was applied. Average shielding effectiveness was found to be more than 94dB for all samples, while the lowest value was around 82dB. The combination of nickel and copper showed the highest shielding performance. The average absorption loss was found to be 79.8%, 80%, 84% for the combinations copper/stainless steel, copper/nickel and stainless steel/nickel respectively.

Light tunneling anomaly in interlaced metallic wire meshes

For long wavelengths three-dimensional connected metallic wire meshes are impenetrable by light and have an electromagnetic response similar to that of an electron gas below the plasma frequency. Surprisingly, here it is shown that when two opaque metallic meshes are spatially-interlaced the combined structure enables an anomalous light tunneling in the long wavelength regime. The effect is due to the destructive interference of the waves scattered by the two wire meshes, which leads to a Fano-type resonance.

Low turn-on and uniform field emission from structurally engineered carbon nanotube arrays through growth on metal wire mesh substrates

A simple and novel approach to improve the field emission properties from carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays is presented through the direct growth of CNTs onto metal wire mesh substrates. We utilized the curvilinear profiles of the wires to create a cleaved CNT array structure, which was uniformly distributed throughout the entire emitter array area. Investigation of the factors governing the emission properties showed that increased wire diameter, increased CNT array height, and decreased catalyst thickness led to decreased turn-on fields (TOFs) within our experimental range. In addition, we found that the underlying mechanism explaining these empirical results stemmed from the creation of sharp edges which were sufficiently spaced and homogeneously distributed throughout the emitter array. Through this method, a low TOF of ~0.95 V µm−1 for a 10 µA cm−2 emission current density was achieved, which is among the lowest values reported for field emission arrays.

Critical heat flux enhancement by single-layered metal wire mesh with micro and nano-sized pore structures

This study reports the results of critical heat flux (CHF) enhancements by using single-layered metal wire mesh with micro/nano-sized pore structures with no modification of the original heating surface. Pool boiling tests with the wire mesh showed a significant CHF increment of up to 84% compared with that recorded on a bare surface. And, we investigated the dynamic behavior of the liquid and vapor phases on the boiling surfaces using an IR thermometry technique. From the quantitative measurements of liquid–vapor-solid phase distribution on the heating surface, it was revealed that the presence of the wire mesh and its hydrophilic nature play a role in sustaining a liquid phase inside the heating area that prevents the excessive expansion of the dry spot, and strongly disseminates thermal energy generated by the heater. In other words, the thermal energy generated inside the heater is dispersed more uniformly under the existence of the wire mesh. Using this type of mesh with the micro-sized pore structures for CHF enhancement intrinsically can mitigate changes in thermos-physical and chemical properties, and losses in structural durability for original heating surface. We expect that the meshes can be exploited in applications to several thermal systems.

Stress modulation in desiccating crack networks for producing effective templates for patterning metal network based transparent conductors

A drying layer of a colloidal dispersion tends to produce cracks, often in a network, due to internal stress arising from the rearrangement of particles while the substrate adhesion resists such movements. The stress can be modulated using experimental agents such as electric field, humidity, and surface structuring. In this work, repeated wet-drying cycles of the cracking layer have been used as stress modulating agents taking an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin nanoparticles as the colloidal layer, offering cracks with widths in the sub-ten micrometer range. With increasing wet-drying cycles, the colloidal layer is seen to develop higher crack density and connectivity, as well as a well-defined hierarchy of formation. Thus developed crack layers have been used as templates for depositing metals (Cu and Au) to realize fine metal wire meshes. The latter serve as transparent conductors with excellent optoelectronic properties.

Mn–Fe bi-metal oxides in situ created on metal wire mesh as monolith catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Mn–Fe bi-metal oxides in situ created on a metal wire mesh are demonstrated as high-performance deNOx monolith catalysts.

Experimental study on the influence of wire diameter on the internal flow behaviour of woven metal screens

Sintered woven wire mesh structures are a classic porous medium. In this paper, we examined the internal flow behaviours of sintered metal wire mesh structures with 0.215mm diameter wires with different porosities. Following previous research results, the influence of woven mesh wire diameter on material penetrating quality was studied. The air that was applied by the gas source was used to investigate structure performance. The Reynolds numbers of the inlet changed from 8.2 to 66.1. The pressures and flow rate at the inlet and outlet were obtained to calculate the permeability and inertia coefficient of each specimen, as well as the friction factors. The experiment results showed that permeability increased and the inertia coefficient decreased as wire diameter increased. Moreover, structures with large wire diameters (ds= 0.215mm) showed better penetrating quality at the same porosity levels. Increases in pressure drop kept pace with increases in diameter. The friction factor decreased as the Reynolds number increased, and tended to be constant.

Simple and fast fabrication of superhydrophobic metal wire mesh for efficiently gravity-driven oil/water separation

Superhydrophobic metal wire mesh (SMWM) has frequently been applied for the selective and efficient separation of oil/water mixture due to its porous structure and special wettability. However, current methods for the modification of metal wire mesh to be superhydrophobic suffered from problems with respect to complex experimental procedures or time-consuming process. In this study, a very simple, time-saving and single-step electrospray method was proposed to fabricate SMWM and the whole procedure required about only 2min. The morphology, surface composition and wettability of the SMWM were all evaluated, and the oil/water separation ability was further investigated. In addition, a commercial available sponge covered with SMWM was fabricated as an oil adsorbent for the purpose of oil recovery. This study demonstrated a convenient and fast method to modify the metal wire mesh to be superhydrophobic and such simple method might find practical applications in the large-scale removal of oils.

Explosive loading of deformable gas-permeable axisymmetric structural elements

A mathematical model is proposed which describes the interrelated processes of unsteady elastoplastic deformation of stacks of woven metal wire mesh and wave processes in pore gas in a two-dimensional axisymmetric approximation. The nonlinear equations of the dynamics of two interpenetrating continua are solved numerically using a modified Godunov’s scheme. The problem of explosive loading of a multilayer shell with an internal permeable deformable layer is solved. The results of numerical solutions are compared with experimental data. The influence of the gas-permeable layer on shell deformation is determined.

Reduction of Deformations during Welding Metal Wire Mesh with Frames

Abstract The article presents an issue referring to a reduction of deformation during welding metal wire mesh into the frames. A problem of a possible reduction of deformations was described taking into account characteristics of a construction of a welded element. Technological tests and their results are provided. Technological recommendations relating to the reduction of deformations of the welded element are given.

Design of manned lunar rover wheels and improvement in soil mechanics formulas for elastic wheels in consideration of deformation

Most of the current lunar rover vehicle wheels are inconvenient for changing broken wheels and have poor shock absorbing in driving, so they cannot be used to carry people on the moon. To meet the demands for manned lunar transportation, a new wheel possessing a woven metal wire mesh tire and using hub-rim combination slide mechanism is designed in this article. The characteristics of the new wheel is analyzed by comparing with the same-size conventional rover wheels after demonstrating the validity of FEM simulation. The new wheel possesses lighter structure and superior shock absorbing. It also provides stronger traction because the deformation of the designed wheel increases the contact area between the tire and lunar terrain. In order to establish an on-line soil parameter estimation algorithm for low cohesion soil, the stress distribution along a driven deformable wheel on off-road terrain is simplified. The basic mechanics equations of the interaction between the wheel and the lunar soil can be used for analytical analysis. Simulation results show that the soil estimation algorithm can accurately and efficiently identify key soil parameters for loose sand.

Properties and filtration performance of microporous metal membranes fabricated by rolling process

We evaluated the filtration performance of microporous metal membranes fabricated by the rolling process. Metal wire meshes were rolled with thickness reduction ratios of 10, 20, and 30%. The pore size of the metal wire mesh membrane decreased with increasing rolling ratio, whereas the removal efficiency of the suspended solids and turbidity showed a very slight increase compared to that of an unrolled mesh membrane. The metal powder was dispersed on the surface of the rolled metal wire mesh membrane and bound with polyvinyl alcohol, then dried at 100°C for 1 h, and finally sintered at 1,000°C for 3 h. The mean pore size, suspended solids, and turbidity of the metal powder membrane at a rolling ratio of 30% were approximately 0.7 μm, 84% and 83%, respectively. Therefore, microporous metal membranes successfully fabricated by the rolling process were also sufficiently permeable filters.

Efficient H2 Production Using Ag2S-Coupled ZnO@ZnS Core–Shell Nanorods Decorated Metal Wire Mesh as an Immobilized Hierarchical Photocatalyst

Ag2S-coupled ZnO@ZnS core–shell nanorods heterostructures were grown on stainless steel wire mesh substrates along the c-axis by sulfidation of aligned ZnO nanorod arrays as immobilized hierarchical photocatalysts (Ag2S-coupled ZnO@ZnS/metal wire mesh) for photocatalytic H2 production. The effects of the sulfidation time and AgNO3 precursor concentration on the morphology, crystalline properties, optical property, photocurrent response, and photocatalytic H2 production activity of the photocatalysts under UV or visible light irradiation, together with the stability of photocatalytic activity for recycled photocatalysts were investigated. In comparison with ZnO/metal wire mesh under the same conditions, the ZnO@ZnS/metal wire mesh photocatalysts showed excellent photocatalytic H2 production activity that can be attributed to the formation of Ag2S-coupled ZnO–ZnS heterojunctions on conductive metal wire mesh substrate that favors the absorption of light, separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and...

Millimeter-Wave Short-Focus Thin Lens Employing Disparate Filter Arrays

This letter presents a millimeter-wave thin lens employing disparate filter arrays created by placing both metallic patches and wire mesh on the same plane. This disparate configuration of patches and wire mesh enables the coexistence of two different types of filter response, lowpass and bandpass, on the same plane. It is found that this disparate design can achieve improvement in the tunable range of phase shift of the spatial filter array with a limited number of metal and substrate layers so as to retain the thin feature of the lens. This arrangement enables higher focusing gain than prior thin lenses employing single-type spatial filter arrays for a short focus of $f/{\rm D} = 0.2$ , where $f$ is the focal length and $\rm D$ is the lateral dimension (aperture) of the lens. The design procedure for the proposed lens employing the disparate filter arrays is discussed. Full-wave simulation results demonstrate that the proposed lens can achieve more than 2 dB in gain enhancement over previous thin lenses made of only lowpass filter arrays. The fabricated lens is confirmed to have less than $0.05 {\lambda _0}$ in total thickness and up to 11 dB in gain for $f/{\rm D} = 0.2$ .

Characteristics of flame velocity of gas explosion with obstruction in pipeline

Summary The velocity of flame propagation caused by gas explosion is very difficult to be measured in experiment. A new image processing method is applied to calculate the velocity based on correlation coefficients of images. Experiment of gas explosion with 9.5% gas is carried out. The images photographed during the experiment are processed by the new method. And the change law of velocity of flame propagation is calculated. The results show that the velocity and structure of the flame are both unstable when it propagates in the pipeline. The propagation of flame is not away in acceleration state, but acceleration and deceleration are mutual alternation. And the velocity is in shock statement till the flame extinct during the whole flame propagation. The results also show that the metal wire mesh in the pipeline can accelerate the velocity of flame propagation but reduce the damage caused by gas explosion. And this method also covers the shortage of experimental method.

Про ефективну масу електрона за Пендрі

In 1996, J. Pendry, an English theoretical physicist put forward an idea about the dependence of the effective electron mass on the magnetic field, while interpreting the dielectric response of metal wire mesh structures. The idea was based on the well-known relation between the kinematic and canonical momenta of a charged particle moving in the magnetic field. In this paper, proceeding from the universal character of that relation, the applicability of Pendry's effective electron mass $m_{\text{eff}}$ to the problem of electrons in metal mesh structures, as well as to a wide class of problems for charges moving in the magnetic field, has been examined. The general properties of $m_{\text{eff}}$ following directly from its definition were found, and an analogy between the effective electron mass $m_{\text{eff}}$ and $m^{\ast}$ known in the solid-state theory was established. A physical interpretation of $m_{\text{eff}}$ was proposed. It was demonstrated in several examples that, despite the generality of the defining relation for the effective mass $m_{\text{eff}}$, the use of $m_{\text{eff}}$ beyond the problem of the dielectric response of metal wire mesh structures leads to incorrect results.

Experimental investigation of convective heat transfer in a vertical channel with brass wire mesh blocks

The present paper reports the hydrodynamic and thermal performance of brass wire mesh blocks in a vertical channel. Commercially available brass wire meshes are arranged side by side to act as a porous block. Convective heat transfer experiments in a vertical channel using an isothermal flat plate are conducted for a velocity range of 0–2 m/s. The plate is sandwiched with wire mesh block on either side so that the assembly completely fills the channel. The pressure drops across the filled region are measured for the velocity range discussed. The plate temperature is measured under steady state conditions. Empty channel experiments are also conducted under same conditions for purposes of comparison. The thermo-hydrodynamic experiments conducted showed a similar behavior to those seen in open-celled metal foams. The novelty of the present study is that a simple and cost effective method without any permanent bonding is developed for different porosities and the heat transfer enhancement studied. This situation represents the least performance of the porous structure. The effect of porosity in hydrodynamic and thermal performance is analysed. The performance of the porous blocks were also compared with other porous structures of similar porosity available in literature. Nusselt number correlations were developed to match with experimental data. Attempts to identify mixed convection regimes have been done. The paper also discusses the role of thermal dispersion in heat transfer enhancement using metallic wire meshes.

CPW‐fed monopole antenna with reduced radiation hazards toward human head using metallic thin‐wire mesh for 802.11ac applications

ABSTRACTThis article presents a planar monopole antenna with reduced radiation hazard toward human head using thin‐wire mesh which is needed in smart phone (mobile) for less crowded 801.11ac (5 GHz Wi‐Fi) applications. The antenna consists of a rectangular radiating element with a particular rectangular part being removed from it to increase the electrical length of the antenna for miniaturization. CPW—feed and radiating element are printed on the topside of the double sided PCB. Radiation hazards toward human head has been reduced using a metallic thin‐wire mesh in the backside of the PCB. Orientation of metallic thin wire mesh play a vital role. It has been placed in such a way to disturb the fringing field coupled toward head direction (positive X direction). The proposed antenna offers an impedance bandwidth of 1.47 GHz from 4.35 GHz to 5.82 GHz with resonant frequency 5.18 GHz when it printed on an FR4‐epoxy substrate with dielectric constant (εr) of 4.4. It is over all in dimension of 21.7 × 25.5 × 1.6 mm3. It has been designed and optimized using parametric study on the geometrical dimensions are investigated using electromagnetic simulation software HFSS 13.0 (High Frequency Structure Simulator). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2684–2687, 2015

Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis, regeneration, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivar TME14.

Routine production of large numbers of transgenic plants is required to fully exploit advances in cassava biotechnology and support development of improved germplasm for deployment to farmers. This article describes an improved, high-efficiency transformation protocol for recalcitrant cassava cultivar TME14 preferred in Africa. Factors that favor production of friable embryogenic calli (FEC) were found to be use of DKW medium, crushing of organized embryogenic structures (OES) through 1–2 mm sized metal wire mesh, washing of crushed OES tissues and short exposure of tyrosine to somatic embryos; and transformation efficiency was enhanced by use of low Agrobacterium density during co-cultivation, co-centrifugation of FEC with Agrobacterium, germination of paramomycin resistant somatic embryos on medium containing BAP with gradual increase in concentration and variations of the frequency of subculture of cotyledonary-stage embryos on shoot elongation medium. By applying the optimized parameters, FEC were produced for cassava cultivar TME14 and transformed using Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA2301. About 70–80 independent transgenic lines per ml settled cell volume (SCV) of FEC were regenerated on selective medium. Histochemical GUS assays confirmed the expression of gusA gene in transformed calli, somatic embryos and transgenic plants. The presence and integration of the gusA gene were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis, respectively. RT-PCR analysis of transgenic plants confirmed the expression of gusA gene. This protocol demonstrates significantly enhanced transformation efficiency over existing cassava transformation protocols and could become a powerful tool for functional genomics and transferring new traits into cassava.

An experimental investigation on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of sintered woven wire mesh structures

The structure of sintered woven wire mesh is one of classical porous medium. Internal flow fluid and heat transfer characteristics of sintered metal wire mesh structures with various porosities were investigated experimentally. All the test pieces made of stainless steel wires with the same wire (d = 0.14 mm) were sintered after woven. In the experiments, the air which was applied by the gas source was used to investigate the performance of the structure. Pressures and flow rate at the inlet and outlet were obtained to get the permeability and inertia coefficient of each specimen as well as the friction factors. The Reynold numbers of the inlet changes from 3.22 to 24.98. At the same time, the sintered metal wire mesh structure was heated electrically depending on the electric residence of the wire. The wall temperature of the test pieces was measured using infrared camera. For the flow behavior, the results showed that the permeability increases with respect to porosity, while the inertia coefficient shows the opposite trend. Friction factor decreases as the Reynolds number increases. The results also showed that the porosity shows an insignificant impact on friction factors defined in this study. A new empirical equation of friction factors was proposed to predict the flow behavior of the sintered metal wire mesh structures. For the heat transfer characteristics, increase of Nusselt number has always been keeping pace with the Reynolds number. At the same time, porosity affects the Nusselt number.