Metal Wire Mesh Research Articles

3-D Printed Microwave Patch Antenna via Fused Deposition Method and Ultrasonic Wire Mesh Embedding Technique

In this work, the design, fabrication and characterization of a 3-D printed microwave patch antenna is presented. The antenna is fabricated by combining fused filament fabrication method for the dielectric part and ultrasonic metal wire mesh embedding approach for the conductor part. Full wave finite-element simulations for different wire mesh structures and also the entire antenna have been done to make sure the embedded wire mesh has good performance at microwave frequency. A microstrip patch antenna working around 7.5 GHz is printed and characterized to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this technique. The measured reflection coefficient shows a good resonance peak at 7.5 GHz. The measured gain of this antenna is 5.5 dB at the resonance frequency. Good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained in both reflection coefficient and radiation pattern.

A Review of Corrosion Control Methods in Ferrocement

Ferrocement is a composite material consisting of layered wire meshes and rich cement-sand mortar which imparts high degree of ductility and energy absorbing capacity. Although ferrocement has proven itself as an excellent material for low cost housing, its durability continues to be a matter of concern owing to the corrosion susceptibility of the small diameter metallic wire meshes. Protection of reinforcement in ferrocement is usually achieved through the galvanized wire mesh, increased effective cover and dense mortar. These methods give only partial protection to the reinforcement against corrosion. This article reviews the studies undertaken to control corrosion in the ferrocement composites and thereby improving the durability of the composites.

Experimental analysis of concrete absorber solar water heating systems

In the present work, three different types of solar water heaters with concrete absorber have been fabricated with different collector design, experiments were conducted simultaneously and comparative performance study has been made. First collector has been fabricated with concrete embedded with aluminium pipes for water flow while in second design, thermal conductive material has been added with concrete. In third heater, instead of aluminium pipe, PVC pipes are used. Metallic scrap and wire mesh have been used as a thermal conductivity materials to increase the thermal conductivity of the absorber plate. The collectors were tested at the insolation levels from 300 to 900W/m during the month of March 2013–May 2013. Experiments were also conducted at different inclination angles of 0°, 18°, and 30°. Possibilities of using open terrace of the concrete buildings as solar waters has been explored.

Structural performance of ferrocement beams reinforced with composite materials

An experimental program was designed in the current work to examine the structural behavior of ferrocement beams reinforced with composite materials under three point loadings up to failure. The experimental program comprised casting and testing of twelve ferrocement beams having the dimensions of 120 mm width, 200 mm depth and 1600 mm length. The twelve beams were different in the type of reinforcements; steel bars, traditional wire meshes (welded and expanded wire meshes) and composite materials (fiberglass wire meshes and polypropylene wire meshes). The flexural performances of the all tested beams in terms of strength, ductility, cracking behavior and energy absorption were investigated. Also all the tested beams were simulated using ANSYS program. The results of the experimental tests concluded that the beam with fiber glass meshes gives the lowest first crack load and ultimate load. The ferrocement beam reinforced with four layers of welded wire meshes has better structural behavior than those beams reinforced with other types of wire meshes. Also the beams reinforced with metal wire meshes give smaller cracks width in comparing with those reinforced with non-metal wire meshes. Also the Finite Element (FE) simulations gave good results comparing with the experimental results.

Analysis of the Shielding Effect of Wire Mesh to Ion Flow Field From HVDC Transmission Lines

The electrification of objects under HVdc transmission lines due to space ions generated by corona discharge may lead to pernicious consequences. The shielding effect of the metal wire mesh to the drifting ions is investigated. First, the model of the ion flow field with the presence of wire mesh is derived, and then the flux tracing method is used to simulate the interaction between the wire mesh and the drifting ions. Second, the indoor experiments about the shielding effect of the wire mesh to the ion flow field are presented, and measurement results are compared with simulation results, which validate the simulation model and method. Last, the relationship between mesh parameters and shielding effect is analyzed in detail, and some suggestions are proposed to improve the shielding effect of wire mesh.

Spatiotemporal Accuracy of Real-Time 3D Echocardiography in the Neonatal and Pediatric Setting – Validation Studies using Small Dynamic Test Objects

The precision of real-time 3D-echocardiography (RT3DE) is not sufficiently validated for small, fast-moving structures such as the neonatal and pediatric heart. To assess the spatiotemporal accuracy of RT3DE in small, moving test objects. Small, calibrated test objects in the size of neonatal and pediatric heart chambers were made from polyurethane foam or metal wire mesh and moved in a water bath through a calibrated dynamic test system. Using matrix transducers (X7-2, ie33 and X4-1, Sonos 7500, Philips, Andover, USA), 2 D and live 3 D datasets under variation of the motion speed (0.033 - 0.133 m/s corresponding to 50 - 200 heart cycles/minute), the volume rate and transducer position were recorded and analyzed (QLab 7.0, Philips). 3 D datasets of the moving test objects showed relevant spatial distortion, which was obviously related to the sequential scanning technology of the matrix transducer. Different segments of a test object were not recorded simultaneously, but rather row-by-row, so that there was a time delay between the first and the last-recorded voxel of a single 3 D volume (mean±SD: 28.9 ± 7.82 m/s or 80 ± 7 % of the time duration of a 3 D volume). With increasing motion speed of the test object and reduced 3 D volume rate, the distortion artifacts increased significantly. 3 D acquisitions using matrix technology demonstrate relevant spatiotemporal inaccuracies. This may lead to misinterpretations during the evaluation of the synchronicity of valvular or ventricular motion and incorrect definition of volume estimations. In particular, at higher heart rates and higher rates of movement, these limitations have to be taken into account in clinical practice.

Characterization of the Orthotropic Elastic Constants of a Micronic Woven Wire Mesh via Digital Image Correlation

Woven structures are steadily emerging as excellent reinforcing components in dual-phase composite materials subjected to multiaxial loads, thermal shock, and aggressive reactants in the environment. Metallic woven wire mesh materials in particular display good ductility and relatively high specific strength and specific resilience. While use of this class of materials is rapidly expanding, a significant gap in property characterization remains. This research classifies the homogenized, orthotropic material properties of a representative twill dutch woven wire mesh through the use of in-plane uniaxial tensile experiments incorporating a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) strain measurement technique. Values for elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are calculated from the experimental data, and shear modulus values are identified by means of constitutive modeling. This approach establishes a reproducible method for characterizing the in-plane elastic response of micronic metallic woven materials via macro-scale uniaxial tensile tests, and shows that a homogenous orthotropic constitutive model may be employed to describe the macro-scale elasticity of this class of materials with reasonable accuracy.

Total hip arthroplasty for hip arthritis with protrusio acetabuli using autograft reconstruction and metal wire mesh

A 70-year-old female patient presented with left hip arthritis following longstanding painfully restricted hip movement for 2 years. X-rays showed protrusio acetabuli with avascular necrosis of head femur. The patient was operated for hip arthritis; hybrid total hip replacement was done with reconstruction of the medial wall with autologous bone graft of femoral head using stainless steel metal wire mesh on which cemented acetabular component with non-cemented femoral component was fixed. Cages and wire mesh are used to reconstruct the medial wall of acetabulum, but cage is a costlier option than wire mesh, with reproducible results. Very few cases have been reported, showing excellent results with the use of metal wire mesh.

Gnielinski Method in Calculating the Heat Transfer Coefficient for Metallic Solar Tower Absorber

This work is done to calculate the heat transfer coefficient of metallic wire mesh to air in an open volumetric thermal absorber. It is aimed to replace the actual ceramic with metallic which latter has better thermal properties in order to increase the efficiency of the concentrating solar power plant. The calculation of the heat transfer coefficient from porous wire structure to the air has been conducted to pursue the purpose. The structure that has been chosen is a set of metallic wires with aligned and shifted configurations. The variations of wire diameter together with various porosities from 0.10 to 0.50 have been calculated to obtain the best configuration for the absorber. The flow characteristic within the mesh structure in terms of Reynolds number and its relationship with the heat transfer coefficient has been obtained. The condition on mass flow rate of heat transfer medium and other aspects which influence the heat transfer are also discussed.

외부전기장 적용 섬유상 에어필터의 절연 전극 사용에 따른 여과특성

Applying an external electric field across air filter media is one of methods to improve the filtration performance. Metal wire meshes have been commonly used as electrodes situated on both sides of a thick filter pad. For a thin filter medium a short circuit, known as the biggest drawback for applying an external electric field to air filter, can occur at the closest point between electrodes. In this study several types of insulated meshes were prepared by coating #50 meshes with a dielectric material, Nylon 66, and the filtration property of air filter was evaluated at the presence of external electric field using those insulated meshes as electrodes and compared with that of filters using bared meshes. The collection efficiency of tested filter was increased from 78% to 95% for singly charged 100 nm particles by application of external electric field. As a result, there was no significant difference in collection efficiency between filters with insulated and bared electrodes. Similar results could be also seen from the tests using polydisperse particles. Finally, through this study, we found that the insulation of mesh electrodes doesn`t affect the filtration performance of fibrous air filter under external electric field.

Properties of plain weave metallic wire mesh screens

Porous structures made of metallic wire mesh screens are receiving renewed interests from researchers due to their large potential for enhancing heat transfer. Accurate estimation of key porous parameters undoubtedly helps understand heat transfer mechanisms inside those porous structures. This study presents a new methodology for calculating volumetric porosity, specific surface area, and in-plane thermal conductivity for porous structures made of square-shaped and diamond-shaped wire screens. Analytical models were developed accordingly. Affecting factors including mesh number, wire diameter, compactness factor, and stacking patterns were systematically studied. This work, for the first time, considers the cases when the wire mesh screens are cold compressed. The models developed in this study are compared with typical existing models. Satisfactory agreement was shown.

Optimization of Microphone Array Wall Mountings in Closed-Section Wind Tunnels

The objective of the present paper is to improve the implementation of microphone arrays on the wall of closed-section wind tunnels. A test campaign has been conducted in the ONERA F2 1.4 m × 1.8 m wind tunnel to investigate the performance of thin and smooth metallic clothes to protect the microphones from the hydrodynamic fluctuations in the turbulent boundary-layer flow and, still, to preserve the transmitted acoustic signal. Three microphone mountings have been considered : individually recessed microphones in (i) cylindrical and (ii) conical apertures and (iii) a recessed, screened, large-scale microphone mounting plate (microphones flush with the plate). It was found that by covering the top of the cylindrical and conical microphone apertures with a wire-mesh, the strong self-noise due to the interaction of the boundary-layer flow with the cavities can be suppressed. The most significant noise reduction is obtained when the large-scale microphone mounting plate is recessed behind the metallic wire-mesh. A reduction by up to 20 dB is then obtained with respect to a flush-mounted, unscreened, microphone. This microphone mounting out-performs the cone-nose-protected and Kevlar-protected microphone mountings, two conventional low-noise devices. Thanks to an original calibration technique, the acoustic response of the tested microphone mountings could be evaluated in presence of flow (� 80 m/s). The recessed, screened, microphone mounting plate has an oscillating acoustic response (in function of the frequency) by less than 5 dB deviation. This attenuation can be post-corrected by using a very simple acoustic model.

Tailoring the synthesis of stainless steel wire mesh-supported ZnO

The aim of this work was to synthesise different nanostructures of zinc oxide supported on a stainless steel wire mesh, using hydrothermal processes in which several conditions were applied. The effect of the different synthesis parameters on the final properties of the samples (yield and geometrical dimensions) were analysed and discussed. The ZnO nanomaterials obtained exhibit a homogeneous distribution over the metallic wire mesh, with mass yields in the range of 3–30wt.%, a prismatic morphology with a hexagonal cross-section, lengths between 700nm and 6μm and widths in the 70nm–2.3μm range. These nanomaterials are intended to be applied in photocatalytic reactions and as catalyst supports.

Response of weaner rabbits to diets containing graded levels of processed velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens)

An 8-week study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding graded levels of cooked velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens) on growth performance and blood of weaner rabbits. 24, 6 week-old hybrid (Chinchilla x New Zealand white) weaner rabbits with initial average weight of 0.52 kg were housed in a hutch which accommodated two rabbits, partitioned with metallic sheets and wire mesh, and fitted with metallic trays. The rabbits were divided into four treatment groups of six rabbits each and randomly assigned to four diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20 and 30% cooked Mucuna seed meal (MSM) processed by boiling for 60 min starting from the boiling point of water, dried and grounded with hammer mill. Measurements taken were average daily weight gain, final live weight, feed and protein intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), etc. The results showed that there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among the treatments in feed intake, protein intake, daily weight gain, FCR and PER. There were significant (P 0.05) differences among the treatments RBC, mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among the treatments in cost of daily feed intake and feed cost per kg weight gain. The cost of daily feed intake of rabbits on 20 and 30% MSM diets were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of rabbits on 0 and 10% MSM diets. Feed cost per kg weight gain of rabbits fed 30% MSM diet was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of rabbits on other dietary treatments. The results obtained in this study revealed that up to 30% of the cooked MSM can be included in the diets of weaner rabbits without any deleterious effect on rabbit performance. Key words: Processed Mucuna seed meal, diets, rabbits, response.

Novel Stacked Wire Mesh Compact Heat Exchangers Produced Using Cold Spray

This study examines the feasibility of using the pulsed gas dynamic spraying (PGDS) process to deposit metal powder on the outer surfaces of metal wire mesh wafers for use as high-performance compact heat exchangers. Plain-square weave woven mesh produced from stainless steel wires were stacked and sintered to form wire mesh bricks, which were then cut into wafers. The outer surfaces of the wafers were sealed using the PGDS deposition technique as opposed to the more traditional brazing sheet solution. This approach provides more intimate contact between the mesh wire tips and sealed surface, thereby promoting conduction through the outer walls and improving the heat exchanger efficiency. In addition, PGDS is an attractive alternative to brazing sheets for this application because of its potential for reduced manufacturing costs. Burst and tensile tests of the PGDS coated wafers were carried out.

Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer in Parallel Microchannels With Diffusion Brazed Wire Mesh

Flow boiling is an important process in energy conversion applications such as power generation and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems. Recently, it has drawn interest in the high heat flux electronics cooling community. Flow boiling enhancement, in addition, has the benefit of early onset of nucleate boiling, potentially lowering wall superheat, and increasing the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF). The objective of this paper was to investigate the use of fine metal wire mesh screens to enhance nucleate boiling in microchannels. Contact resistance between the wire mesh and channel heating surface was essentially eliminated by employing a diffusion brazing process to attach the screen to the wall. The parallel microchannels were 1000 μm in width and 510 μm in depth. A dielectric working fluid, HFE 7000, was investigated during this paper. Flow boiling results were compared for channels with and without wire mesh. According to the flow boiling curves obtained in this investigation for the bare and mesh channels, the amount of wall superheat was substantially reduced for the mesh channels at all four stream-wise locations. This indicated that nucleate boiling in the mesh channel was enhanced due to the increase of nucleation sites the mesh introduced. The mesh channels also displayed a higher flow boiling heat transfer coefficient. Both the nucleate boiling dominated regime and convective evaporation dominated regime were identified, with the overall trend of increasing the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient with respect to vapor quality until this quantity reached approximately 0.4. The CHF for the mesh channel was also significantly higher than that for the bare channel. The flow boiling enhancement was achieved with no apparent pressure drop penalty. The results presented here provide a practical means to implement this surface enhancement technique.

Basic functional electrical stimulation (FES) of extremities: An engineer's view

The historical development of electrical stimulators producing contraction of paralyzed muscles is briefly presented. The influence of electrical stimulation parameters (amplitude of pulses, frequency, pulse duration, and duration of a pulse train) is explained. Special attention is paid to the description of the muscle recruitment curve. The phenomenon of reversed recruitment order, resulting in fatiguing of electrically stimulated muscle, is presented. The properties of surface electrodes (electrode size, polarity, resistance, and distance between electrodes) are examined. The use of surface electrodes made of metal plate or wire mesh, silicone impregnated with rubber, and conductive adhesive gel are discussed. The design of electrical stimulator circuits is also presented.

Mechanical properties of the lithium aluminate matrix for MCFC reinforced with metal oxide materials

In this study, the electrolyte matrix was reinforced by metal wire mesh which has a thickness in the range of 0.30–0.33 mm. Both pure LiAlO 2 matrix green sheet and the matrix reinforced by metal mesh were prepared by tape casting and hot pressing methods, respectively. Mechanical properties and resistance against cracking of each matrix samples were investigated in 650 °C by differential pressure and single cell test. When applying both differential pressure and single cell test in the reinforced matrix, N 2 cross-over percentage was maintained in 0.1–0.9% constantly. In conclusion, metal wire mesh is a good additive to increase mechanical strength and durability of ceramic composites.

Total hip stem failure due to weld procedure and material selection misuse

Abstract Total hip arthroplasty has been one of the most successful techniques in orthopedics providing good results for long term. The rate of fatigue failure of total hip arthroplasty stem today is very low due to improvements of the technique along many decades. However, any rare case of stem fracture should be treated carefully due to the problems that can result in the revision for the patient. This paper presents failure analysis of three cemented hip stem which experienced fatigue with less than 5 years in use. The failure is associated to design concept which includes a weld procedure at the proximal third of the stem to attach a metallic wire mesh aiming to improve the bonding to the cement mantle. The failure also is associated with the misuse of AISI 316 L as implant material.

The efficiency of diffusional particle collection onto wire grids in the mobility equivalent size range of 1.2–8 nm

The diffusional deposition efficiency of monomobile, singly charged nanoaerosols onto electrically grounded metal wire mesh was measured on the basis of electrometer current data. The overall experimental uncertainty was of the order of 1% of measured penetration and 1% of measured particle mobility. The aerosol was either WO x produced by evaporation/condensation and classified with a special high flow DMA into mobility classes between 1.2 and 8 nm—or electrosprayed THAB ions with a mobility equivalent diameter of 1.44 or 1.76 nm for the monomer and dimer, respectively. The experimental data were compared first to a model by Cheng and Yeh for diffusion deposition onto wire screens. Very good agreement was found down to approximately 3–4 nm, however, with a progressive deviation toward lower than predicted penetration values (predicted by pure diffusion theory (over −25% at 1.2 nm)). The WO x data agree very well with penetration data obtained for THAB monomer and dimer. For the larger size range above 4 nm, our data are also in excellent agreement with recent data by Thomas et al. It can be concluded that, no thermal rebound effect exists for charged particles in the electrical mobility diameter size range down to 1.2 nm. Lower than predicted penetrations measured below about 3 nm are most likely due to a small contribution by the image charge effect coupled with diffusion. Comparisons between the electrical and diffusional mobility of THAB ions show that the monomer is split into at least two different electrical mobility peaks, however, with the same diffusion coefficient, thus indicating the possible existence of structural isomers for the THAB monomer.