Nominal Mean Research Articles

Binary Opposition “Man-Machinery” in R. Bradbury Science Fiction Works: A Cognitive Linguistic Approach

This paper focuses on cognitive-linguistic features of the binary opposition “man-machinery” in the science fiction works by R. Bradbury. The article aims to determine the means of the verbal representation of “man-machinery” and build frame models of its components in Bradbury’s science fiction writings. The study contributes to the stylistic and linguo-poetic analysis of binary oppositions in fiction texts, idiostylistics and genre theory. The study relies upon linguistic, stylistic, and discursive analyses as well as cognitive linguistic analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of the obtained results. Furthermore, four-stage algorithm methodology used in this research allowed the author to define a general literary context of the analyzed works, select the research material, analyze the identified means of binary opposition “man-machinery,” and model frames of its components. The obtained results reveal that the linguistic embodiment of the components of the binary opposition “man-machinery” is based on the use of the lexical – direct and figurative, stylistic, and discursive means of nomination. The study reconstructs the concepts – the constituents of the megaconcepts man and machinery and on the basis of anthropocentric perception compares their conceptual domains, namely as physical, psychological, mental, and social phenomena. The research reveals conceptual binary opposition man-machinery as a tool for constructing a science fiction model of the world in Bradbury’s texts within three parameters: space-time coordinates, cause and effect relationships, and valorative indicators. The introduced methodology of binary opposition analysis is perspective within the scope of science fiction, fiction texts and films.

Nominal formation and meaning

Em Enunciação e relações linguísticas(2018), Luiz Francisco Diasnos apresentauma incursãoenunciativa sobreas articulações constituintes das formações nominais.A obra éresultado de um percurso de trabalho e pesquisa que somamais de dez anos de investigação, e que foi construído a partir do empreendimento científico do autor no âmbito dos estudos enunciativos, com especial interesse pelas relações de significação.

Особенности названий гостиниц города Якутска

The paper aims to reveal specificity of the Yakut hotel names taking into account their structural, semantic and functional features. The article describes means of ergonyms formation, identifies their structural types, considers composite nomination models and provides a functional-thematic classification of ergonyms. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the Yakut hotel names are for the first time analysed in the structural-semantic and functional aspects. The research findings are as follows: the authors identify the most productive means of the Yakut hotel names formation, reveal the most frequent means of composite nomination, consider semantic features on which nomination is based, as well as functions typical of ergonyms of a certain semantic group.

Terminological Nomination in English and Ukrainian Dental Terminology

The present article deals with the study of structural peculiarities of dental terms in English and Ukrainian. The emergence of new scientific notions raises the requirements for implementation of the nominative function of natural languages. Contemporary dental terminological system is an example of rapid development of a special language. Within the past years, due to the introduction of new technologies and methods of treating patients, the English and Ukrainian dental terminologies have become replenished with new terms. A lot of them have penetrated into the international glossary of dental terminological system, but, due to their specific structural characteristics, in the majority of cases they remain intelligible to the dentists throughout the globe. The relevance of our research is determined by insufficient study of dental terminological system, which, being in constant development, undergoes structural and semantic transformations in order to adapt to the demands of the contemporary world. The comparative approach to the study of term formation is an extremely important aspect of our study. The objective of our investigation is to conduct a comparative analysis of structural means of terminological nomination in English and Ukrainian dental terminological system. The material for the research is represented by the selection of terminological units extracted from contemporary English and Ukrainian dental dictionaries. In our research we focus on morphological and syntactic ways of terminological nomination in modern English and Ukrainian dental terminology. The article is aimed at the study of the types of affixation in the terminology of dentistry of two languages. The investigation of the syntactic method of term formation is carried out by analyzing terminological word-combinations in the studied languages. The obtained results are compared in order to establish dominant tendencies in dental terminology.Keywords: term, terminological system, morphological way of term formation, syntactic way of term formation, dentistry, affixation, terminological word combination.

Французький мовний субстрат в англомовному мемуарному дискурсі Володимира Набокова: стилістична гра чи текстотвірна закономірність?

The paper deals with the memoirs discourse which is regarded as a separate type of discourse whose nature is specified by the «memory factor». In order to investigate the role of «memory factor» in memoirs text-formation the author analyses one of the most famous case in memoirs practice of XX century — Vladimir Nabokov’s «Speak, Memory» (1966). This third version of Nabokovian memoirs written in English is fulfilled with numerous French and Russian insertions which provoke the discussion on multilingualism and code-switching, a topical issue in the modern study of Nabokov’s verbal practice and his text-forming techniques. The major object of analysis in the paper concerns French lexical and syntactical units which form as a whole a certain substratum in the repertoire of the multilinguistic means represented in this text. The description of the French substratum concluding various units (words, word combinations, phrases, quotations, phraseological units, sentences) with different functions in the sentence allowed to identify 8 types. They were interpreted according to the memoirs text-formation model proposed in the earlier publications of the author, and the analysis showed that almost all French insertions represent the substructure of Nabokov’s text which is determined by the «memory factor». Most of these nominative means in their functioning in the text contain the reference to some significant situation, event, or picture of the past and in their verbal images they are conceptualized by the memoirist as an inalienable part of the referential situation. The study of the data also proves that the use of French insertions in this memoirs text is nothing to do with the ludic aspect of text-formation, with linguistic games which are often considered as a constant of Nabokov’s works.

THE MOST PRODUCTIVE SUFFIX -ی [I] OF THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE MEANING OF GRAMMATICAL PERSON AND THE WAYS OF ITS EXPRESSION IN RUSSIAN

This article considers the suffix -ی [i], as the most productive suffix in the Persian language, in terms of productivity and formation of structures that express grammatical person. Given the wide range of meanings and the various roles of this suffix in a sentence, the authors focus on studying those words that, in combination with this suffix, express the meaning of person (nominal meaning). In Russian, as in Persian, among affixes, suffixes occupy a special place in terms of the effect on the word belonging to the components of the word. Therefore, given the importance of this suffix in the Persian language and the similarity of the position of suffixes in both languages, the suffix -ی [i] in the Persian language is considered. By translating the examples given in Russian, the similarities and differences of the equivalents of this suffix in both languages are discovered.

A hybrid categorial approach to question composition

This paper revisits two fundamental issues in question semantics—what does a question mean, and how is this meaning compositionally derived? Drawing on observations with the distribution of wh-words in questions and free relatives as well as quantificational variability effects in question-embeddings, I argue that the nominal meanings of short answers must be derivable from question denotations, which therefore calls for a categorial approach to defining questions, including embedded questions. I provide a novel hybrid categorial approach to compose questions. This approach overcomes the problems with traditional categorial approaches in defining bare wh-indefinites, composing multi-wh questions, and accounting for coordinations of questions.

Disparities in Distribution of Particulate Matter Emissions from US Coal-Fired Power Plants by Race and Poverty Status After Accounting for Reductions in Operations Between 2015 and 2017.

Objectives. To investigate potential changes in burdens from coal-fired electricity-generating units (EGUcfs) that emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5, defined as matter with a nominal mean aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm) among racial/ethnic and economic groups after reduction of operations in 92 US EGUcfs.Methods. PM2.5 burdens calculated for EGUs listed in the 2008, 2011, and 2014 National Emissions Inventory were recalculated for 2017 after omitting emissions from 92 EGUcfs. The combined influence of race/ethnicity and poverty on burden estimates was characterized.Results. Omission of 92 EGUcfs decreased PM2.5 burdens attributable to EGUs by 8.6% for the entire population and to varying degrees for every population subgroup. Although the burden decreased across all subgroups, the decline was not equitable. After omission of the 92 EGUcfs, burdens were highest for the below-poverty and non-White subgroups. Proportional disparities between White and non-White subgroups increased. In our combined analysis, the burden was highest for the non-White-high-poverty subgroup.Conclusions. Our results indicate that subgroups living in poverty experience the greatest absolute burdens from EGUcfs. Changes as a result of EGUcf closures suggest a shift in burden from White to non-White subgroups. Policymakers could use burden analyses to jointly promote equity and reduce emissions.

Comparative studies of methyl orange adsorption in various metal-organic frameworks by nitrogen adsorption and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

Abstract In this work, typical metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL-101-Cr, MIL-53-Al and ZIF-8 with high specific surface areas were synthesized and applied in the removal of anionic dye methyl orange (MO) from water. Nitrogen adsorption and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) were applied to study the pore characteristics of MOFs and their adsorption of MO, respectively. The specific surface areas of the synthesized MOFs are in the order MIL-101-Cr > ZIF-8>MIL-53-Al. The pore sizes of MOFs obtained from PALS are essentially the same as those from their crystal structure, suggesting that PALS is a useful probe to characterize the pore properties of MOFs. After MO adsorption in MOFs, the nominal mean pore sizes for MIL-101-Cr-MO and MIL-53-Al-MO from nitrogen adsorption are mainly attributed to the interspaces between grains because their inherent pores were occupied by MO molecules as revealed by PALS, while that of ZIF-8-MO represents the inherent pores and interspaces between grains. Langmuir adsorption of MO was found to occur in the MOFs, whereas the MO adsorption behaviors are different depending on the unique pore structures of specific MOFs. MIL-101-Cr and MIL-53-Al show the MO adsorption capacities of 196.08 and 100.0 mg/g due to their large specific surface areas and accessible pore windows, which can provide more accessible unsaturated metal sites. However, despite that the specific surface area of ZIF-8 is larger than that of MIL-53-Al, MO adsorption capacity in ZIF-8 is rather low because the size of its pore windows is smaller than MO dimension, which results in MO molecules inaccessible to the pores. Results showed that methyl orange anions (MO−) were electrostatically attracted by unsaturated metal sites in the cages/channel pores of MIL-101-Cr and MIL-53-Al in aqueous solutions, whereas MO was only adsorbed in the interspaces between grains in ZIF-8.

Investigating the Classification Accuracy of Rasch and Nominal Weights Mean Equating with Very Small Samples

ABSTRACTMaintaining equivalent performance standards across forms is a psychometric challenge exacerbated by small samples. In this study, the accuracy of two equating methods (Rasch anchored calibration and nominal weights mean) and four anchor item selection methods were investigated in the context of very small samples (N = 10). Overall, nominal weights mean equating slightly outperformed Rasch equating for three of the four anchor item selection methods, but Rasch equating slightly outperformed nominal weights mean equating when anchor items were selected to be near the cut score. The results largely confirmed previous research on the utility of nominal weights mean equating for very small samples. In addition, the results provide useful guidance for small volume programs who wish to consider using Rasch for building and equating new forms. Lastly, the results underscored the importance of being mindful about the method for selecting anchor items when building new forms.

PPOPER NAMES AS ONE OF THE WAYS OF EXPRESSION OF THE AUTHOR'S POSITION IN THE SYSTEM OF MEANS OF TEXT-FORMATION IN “THE SIXTH HOUR” (CHAS SHESTYI) TRILOGY BY V.I. BELOV

The article deals with the study of proper names as means of nomination, images of reality, and functional units of the main textual categories. The analysis of transformations of characters' names in various narrative forms in the subject organization of the novel allows to reveal the role of a character's proper name in the semantic aspect of the text.

Варіантність в офіційному жіночому іменослові України: між нормою й аномалією

The article deals with sociolinguistic analysis of modern official female onomasticon of Ukraine. Its dynamics reflects processes, which are taking place in language system, and changes in society, social demographic and ethnic pattern, cultural markers and values, even the extent of legal regulation of social relations. Sociologists are interested in personal names as a means of social categorization and differentiation of individuals. Legists see them as a tool for one’s legalization and as an object of legal protection. Anthropologists study them as special units of communication and interaction between generations. For linguists they are a specific typexplore them linguists – ists of means of lexical nomination. Linguistically onomasticon is a valuable source of information on the current state of language norms, level of linguistic culture of the population, and the status correlation between languages in society. According to the date of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the repertoire of newborn girls’ names in 2015–2019 exceeded half a thousand units. It’s due to the magnitude of globalization processes in naming, restoration of national naming traditions, rising social freedom in choosing names, and, sometimes, the decay of sense of responsibility in naming and insufficient language culture. About third part of female names appears as phonetic, orthographic and morphological variants. Ukraine is a multinational state and representatives of other nationalities and national minorities maintain their own naming traditions. Ukrainian spelling of these names in documents often is inconsequent. Often variants arise due to the ambiguity of transliteration, Ukrainian-Russian language interference and violation of Ukrainian spelling standard. Much less it is a result of alive alternation in the Ukrainian language. Rows of variants of the same official female name consist from two to five or six units. Among them there are normative and anomalous variants. In first case main and optional variants can be distinguished. Optional variants are not conventional in language practice but they do not violate the essential features of national language system (over time, some of them may become more popular than the main variant). Linguistically such variants are the same unit, the natural manifestation of potentialities of language system. But legally, person’s name can’t be spelled differently in her documents.

Лінгвометодичні та лексикографічні аспекти термінологічної лексики

The research of construction machinery term system has been carried out in systematic functional and lexicographical aspect in the context of extra linguistic factors which influence the formation of any branch term system. Linguistic means of the terms nomination have been investigated in a complex way. The main paradigmatic characteristics of the construction machinery term system have been defined. It should be noted that a branch term system is the kind of a mirror. It reflects the character, the mentality and the activity of the community. It is the most adaptable and responsive to changes in a sphere of production. The rapid advances which are being made in construction, the appearance of new machines and tools create a continual demand for the formation of new terms to express new ideas and to name new objects. Terms are the necessary tools which help us to convey thoughts or a new name to an item. When a new product, new conception comes into the life of people it definitely finds a name in their language. To obtain better and more acute results different methods have been used. Combinatory methods of T. Lomtev along with some elements of generic and aspectual methods of T. Kandelaki were used to single out microsystems of different levels in the investigated term system. These methods have also contributed to the possibility to define differential and integral features of term meanings. Various reference books and manuals in construction machinery («Earth moving machines», «Hoisting machines and equipment» etc.) were used to conduct research of term definitions. The types of terminological thematic groups and the peculiarities of synonymic and antonymic relations have been determined and analyzed. Enriching the building terminology by the semantic method and by borrowing words from general language in the process of nominating a new item has been examined in the article. Taking into consideration our experience of compiling term dictionaries, we propose a special training dictionary containing an alphabetical and field arrangement of terms with their definitions and translation. It will be of great help for students and it can be considered as the main linguistic component in a process of professionally-oriented teaching of foreign languages.

SUBDIALECT ANTHROPONYMICON OF KOSTROMA VOLGA REGION (ON THE BASIS OF THE SKETCHES OF V.YA. SHISHKOV)

The article analyzes the calendar names in dialects along the lower course of the Kostroma river based on the essays “Volga Region” of V.Ya. Shishkov. Based on the opinion of the narrator, their synchronous-diachronic status is determined against the background of other nominative and communicative speech means. The conclusion is made about the richness and diversity of the anthroponymic of the described ethnodialectic zone and its ability to be an areal marker.

Binary Opposition 'Man-Machinery' in R. Bradbury Science Fiction Works: A Cognitive Linguistic Approach

This paper focuses on cognitive-linguistic features of the binary opposition “man-machinery” in the science fiction works by R. Bradbury. The article aims to determine the means of the verbal representation of “man-machinery” and build frame models of its components in Bradbury’s science fiction writings. The study contributes to the stylistic and linguo-poetic analysis of binary oppositions in fiction texts, idiostylistics and genre theory. The study relies upon linguistic, stylistic, and discursive analyses as well as cognitive linguistic analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of the obtained results. Furthermore, four-stage algorithm methodology used in this research allowed the author to define a general literary context of the analyzed works, select the research material, analyze the identified means of binary opposition “man-machinery,” and model frames of its components. The obtained results reveal that the linguistic embodiment of the components of the binary opposition “man-machinery” is based on the use of the lexical – direct and figurative, stylistic, and discursive means of nomination. The study reconstructs the concepts – the constituents of the mega concepts MAN and MACHINERY and on the basis of anthropocentric perception compares their conceptual domains, namely as physical, psychological, mental, and social phenomena. The research reveals conceptual binary opposition MAN-MACHINERY as a tool for constructing a science fiction model of the world in Bradbury’s texts within three parameters: space-time coordinates, cause and effect relationships, and valorative indicators. The introduced methodology of binary opposition analysis is perspective within the scope of science fiction, fiction texts and films.

Перспектива як засіб візуалізації інформації в публіцистиці В. Яворівського

The article analyzes the peculiarities of perspective expression in the journalistic works of V. Yavorivsky of the early, middle and mature period of creativity, reveals the features of the dynamics of the idiolect. Consideration of journalistic works of V. Yavorivsky early and mature period of creativity shows that the perspective as a means of visualization of information is a constant category, but the prospects of these periods of creativity of the Master of the word has its own characteristics, which is noticeable when choosing the themes of works, systematization of relevant information, selection of means of nomination of persons and events, represented by the connotation of the text. Worldview values, characteristic of the second half of the twentieth century, are transmitted through the prism of the author's vision or beliefs of the heroes of the essays. The means of expressing a point of view are direct or implicit direct speech, comparison or opposition of several points of view, their overlap, motivation of proper names, etc. Journalistic essays of the books „What kind of people are we?” (works of the mature period of creativity) are united by one macrotheme, although each time one of the problems of this theme is raised. The worldview perspective in these works is realized first of all by the structure of the political discourse itself, the publicist's polemic with the respondents, the authors of the letters. The category of point of view here is represented by the author's evidence, the selection of appropriate arguments, passionate emotional reflections, in which the narrator takes over the function of a commentator. The author expresses his thoughts with sincere confidence in the correctness of his beliefs, which he defends, seeking to „look the truth in the eye”. The status-role perspective is conditioned by the realities of the present and past life of Ukrainians, revealed in the powerful axiological nature of the text, which is often achieved by selecting accurate paraphrases. The situational perspective in these works is revealed primarily due to the change of participants in the discussion, quoting letters in which the contributors express their point of view.

Темпоральна мережа лірики Адель

The article deals with the temporal multi-direction as a property of a language in which all temporary forms are implemented: present, past and future. Specialized means of expressing categories of time in a language are forms of verbs that generalize its functioning, but do not always fully convey the objective time flow of actions. It is noted that the song texts of the 21st century and their functional features remain studied fragmentally. The object of this study is Adele’s song texts, and the subject is their temporal organization. The purpose of this study is to generalize and describe the expression of temporary relationships in contemporary songs of the British singer Adele. She is the owner of 15 Grammy awards, 8 BRIT Awards statuettes, a 5-time triumphant of American Music Awards and other music awards. In the article, temporality is treated as a semantic category that covers all varieties of the meaning of time. The song is defined as one of the first genres of human creativity. A song is a lyrical work in which expression is always inherent, a vivid expression of emotions, feelings, moods. The main nominative means of expressing temporality in a song text is grammatical time. The characteristic is also that they function in a complex, and not separately, supplementing and clarifying the temporal significance in the context of the proposal. Simple prevails in the temporal network of song lyrics Adele - 95%, because it is characterized by a form of easy transmission of information. The Continuous form is 4%. The use of Perfect system tenses is an exception and occurs in 1%, and more precisely in the Present-Perfect temporal form. Perfect-Continuous is not used at all, since it is not characterized by the function of easy information transfer.&nbsp

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ СУЧАСНОГО АНГЛІЙСЬКОГО ТЕКСТУ ПРО ТУРИЗМ (МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ)

The article is devoted to the methodology of studying the modern English text on tourism. Scientific interest in a multimodal text on tourism indicates the emergence of a form of writing, which is characterized by the latest features and characteristic style, including a combination of verbal and nonverbal components. The study of tourism discourse goes beyond specific disciplines, attracting the attention of specialists from various fields, such as linguistics, sociology, cultural and critical geography, economics, etc. Nevertheless, theories and methodologies for the study of multimodal phenomena (semiotic resources, modes and their interaction in multimodal discourse) – just as there are theories of language in the field of linguistics. A multimodal text on tourism is a complex semiotic system that requires comprehensive research. It should be noted that such a text is characterized by non-standardized language, foreign borrowings, slang and foreign language inclusions, abbreviations, compression, the tendency to save nominative means or their redundancy, citation, inclusion of other texts, nonlinearity.While studying the text, we distinguish two main directions: from the author → the study of the formation of the idea and the creation of the text; or from the reader → an analysis of the perception of the text and its idea by the recipient. All elements of different semiotic systems presented in the English-language text on tourism interact and appear as a single structural, semantic whole. The aim of this article is to study the features of the methodology of studying the modern English text on tourism. The object of research is a multimodal text about tourism. The subject is to determine the methodology of studying the modern English text on tourism.To analyze the multimodal nature of the English text on tourism and its components, it is productive to use such methods as semiotic analysis, method of intermedial analysis and method of intertextual analysis. In this research we have analyzed verbal and non-verbal elements and their interaction in the English text on tourism, in particular, graphic images in contemporary text on tourism.

BIASPECTIVES SEMANTIC DISTRIBUTION BY UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The verb link is an important modern Ukrainian language component in the nominative means system. In modern linguistics, more and more attention is paid to the features verb tokens as sentence-forming units study, because the verb semantic structure in general projects the whole sentence organization. Verbs grammatical categories differently characterize the actions, processes and being in states course. In traditional grammar, the form was defined mainly as a basic morphological or general verb grammatical category, because it is inherent in all verb formations and forms: in a certain context, each form expresses the either imperfect or perfect form meaning. Type is a verb grammatical category that acts as a central to a more general verb category – aspectuality. The action aspect is directly related to the verb semantics, the meanings of which are determined by the whole language grammatical structure and the semantic-paradigmatic lexical connections system. The determining the place difficulty of the action aspect (broader actionality) in the verb categories system is explained by the fact that they intersect lexical, word-forming and grammatical features, between which it is not always possible to draw a clear line. The most common is the action interpretation as a semantic category, because the action genres are not word-forming categories, although some of them are characterized by certain morphemes. The Ukrainian language uses a number of verbs in which the same base can simultaneously express the perfect and imperfect form meaning, which is why they are called two-type verbs or biaspectives. Issues related to the biaspectives study are extremely relevant and little studied. An attempt is made in the proposed exploration to shed light on the biaspectives semantic distribution by Ukrainian language.

ПОЛДЕНЬ, ПОЛНОЧЬ В АСПЕКТЕ НОМИНАТИВНОЙ ДЕРИВАЦИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ВОСТОЧНОСЛАВЯНСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ)

The article considers the nominative-derivational potential of the words polden and polnoch in the East Slavic languages. The nominative-derivational potential is understood as the ability of lexical units to produce nominative means. The objectives of the study include identifying the composition of the indicated vocabulary and the range of concepts they express for Old Rus and modern times. The analysis has involved about 200 units of nomination and showed that the East Slavic languages significantly developed these word families, with their nominative-derivational capabilities mainly realized in folk speech through rich lexical synonymy. The comparison has revealed a greater power of the word family polden compared to polnoch, as well as a greater formal-semantic variety of its derivatives, which is explained by its numerous meanings due to the special role of daylight in human life. The semantics of the source words determined the nature of the nominative spheres marked with derivative units (“Time”, “Nature”, “Man”), reflecting the accumulated socio-worldview experience of closely related peoples, their close relationship. The structure and meaning of derivatives in different languages have both common and special features. The commonnes is expressed by the unimodel formations and their synonymy (Rus. opolnoch, Ukr. opivnich, Bls. aponachy, Rusin. opivnich, upunochi), specificity – by their formal and meaningful uniqueness: Rus. mezhpolden ‘south side’, odnopoldenok ‘light time of day’, poldenoshnik‘milking bucket’, Ukr. adverbs pivdennishe, pivnichniche, Blr. names of mythological creatures, Rusin. dopoludnyar, ‘shepherdʼ, upidpoludne ʽ in the first half of the day’ and others. Together, they demonstrate the nominative-derivational potential of the names of the light and dark day time climax, which developed, inter alia, under the mutual influence of closely related languages.