Matrix Patch Research Articles

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TDDS OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM CONTAINING NATURAL PENETRATION ENHANCER

Transdermal drug delivery system is the system in which the delivery of the active ingredients of the drug occurs through the skin. Transdermal drug delivery system can improve the therapeutic efcacy and safety of the drugs because drug delivered through the skin at a predetermined and controlled rate. Skin is an effective medium from which absorption of the drug takes place and enters the circulatory system. The present investigation was aimed to prepare, characterize and evaluate transdermal matrix patches, Diclofenac Sodium for non-steroidal anti-inammation and pain related disease. Based on results of various evaluation parameters like thickness, strength, elongation, better compatibility and stability the transdermal matrix patches was successfully designed and developed by trial and error method and evaluated for physicochemical parameters like thickness, weight variation, moister content, and drug content value. Transdermal matrix patched ware papered by using different concentration of ethyl cellulose. And it was concluded that the concentration of polymer increase the thickness of patches weight uniformity and folding endurance increase.

A statistically homogeneous pixel selection approach for adaptive estimation of multitemporal InSAR covariance matrix

Multitemporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology is extensively applied in earth observations. As a critical processing step, the estimation of covariance matrix directly affects the accuracy of its final result. Adaptive multilooking is proven to be an efficient estimator employing statistically homogeneous pixels (SHPs). In this context, the SqueeSAR initially introduced the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to select SHPs. Furthermore, many test methods were developed based on real-valued data. Therefore, only amplitude is used and complex coherence is typically ignored. In this paper, a new SHP selection algorithm is proposed based on covariance matrix patch, named CMP. In particular, the complex patch is estimated using temporal samples rather than spatial samples. The Kullback-Leibler divergence is employed to evaluate the similarity between two complex patches. Then, the SHP set is initially determined by performing thresholding operation, and an iterative methodology is used to obtain a refined SHP set. Further application of CMP to estimate covariance matrix is investigated. The derived products include the filtered amplitude, interferometric phase and coherence. A series of experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed SHP selection method, especially suitable for cases with only interferometric phase differences. Moreover, due to the high computational cost, this method is generally recommended for small-sized stacks. The experimental results of filtered images also suggest its high performance in both noise suppression and detail preservation.

Development and Evaluation of Transdermal patches of Piperine hydrochloride

The fundamentals οf a successful pharmaceutical fοrmulatiοn depend οn the delivery οf the medicament tο the target site at therapeutically relevant level, with negligible οr minimum discοmfοrt and side effects tο the patient. Low dose maintenance therapy of Piperine HCl has the capability to reduce potential side effects and improved patient compliance which are more common with conventional drug delivery. The developed formulation of Piperine HCl is expected to improve the patient compliance, form better dosage regimen and provide maintenance therapy to patients suffering from inflammation and allergy. These promising results showed the feasibility of delivering Piperine HCl through transdermal matrix patch. The developed transdermal patches of Piperine HCl may prove to be a better alternative to conventional dosage forms in allergy as revealed by the results

Global Compressive Loading Is Helpful For Enthesis Healing. A Novel Combination Of Ultra-Thin PEEK Button

We developed a novel fixation method for rotator cuff tear utilizing the concept of the TOE technique and delivered an enveloped porcine dermal matrix patch and ultra-thin PEEK button to improve the area and extent of tendon-to-bone compression.

Fabrication of Transdermal Matrix Patch of Lercanidipine Hydrochloride Using Natural Polymer and Essential Oil

The goal of the present research work was to develop and characterize a transdermal matrix patch of Lercanidipine hydrochloride (L.H.) for controlled drug delivery using the solvent evaporation method. To achieve controlled drug release, polymers such as Psyllium and HPMC K15M were optimized. Moreover, the skin permeation effect of essential oils such as linseed oil, jojoba oil, and pumpkin seed oil was investigated on Wistar rat skin. A 32 full factorial design was applied to optimize two formulation variables: concentration of essential oil as a permeation enhancer and polymer fixed-weight ratio. To study drug-excipients incompatibility, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) had employed, which showed the absence of chemical interaction. All formulations were evaluated for Physico-chemical parameters, ex-vivo drug release study, an in-vivo skin-irritation study on Wistar rats, and stability study. Developed matrix patch showed optimum Physico-chemical properties with the absence of skin irritation. An Ex-vivo drug release study revealed that both formulation variables show an effect on drug release from matrix patches. The effectiveness of the oils as the permeation enhancer was found to be in the following descending order: Pumpkin seed oil > Linseed oil > Jojoba oil. Therefore, pumpkin seed oil was selected as a permeation enhancer in the final Formulation that shows the highest flux (164.09±1.49 µg/cm2/h) and desired drug release for transdermal administration. Stability study shows that the patch was stable up to 6 months at 40±2 ˚C and 75±5 % R.H. and 30±2 ˚C and 65±5 % R.H. The present investigation demonstrates that the prepared matrix patch can deliver therapeutically effective controlled release dose of lercanidipine hydrochloride (L.H.) via transdermal route using pumpkin seed oil as the permeation enhancer.

Is Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosal Extracellular Matrix (ECM) a Suitable Material for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction in Association With Pulmonary Valve Replacement?

Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction is a common congenital cardiac operation. Porcine submucosal intestinal-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) patches have been used for RVOT reconstruction. We present 2 adult patients with Tetralogy of Fallot who underwent PVR with RVOT reconstruction utilizing ECM. Both cases required reoperation due to patch dehiscence causing a large paravalvular leak. One patient also had a pseudoaneurysm associated with ECM dehiscence. There may be a propensity for ECM dehiscence in this application and, based on these cases, we recommend avoidance of ECM in RVOT reconstruction with PVR. PVR patients repaired with ECM should be monitored for this complication.

Low-Symmetry MOF-Based Patchy Colloids and Their Precise Linking via Site-Selective Liquid Bridging to Form Supra-Colloidal and Supra-Framework Architectures.

Colloids with surface patches (or patchy particles) can bind and assemble with directionality. However, the bonding between the usually high-symmetry, dome-shaped patches is not precise, as it cannot lock the exact position and orientation of the relevant particles. This issue prevents the assembly of well-defined colloidal superstructures by design. Herein, we introduce low-symmetry, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based patchy colloids, which feature a polyhedral matrix and flat hexagonal patches, along with anisotropic surfaces and compositions. Guided by the encoded shape/chemical information and mediated by a site-selective liquid-bridging interaction, the distinct patchy particles self-assemble into supra-colloidal (or supra-framework) structures with unprecedented precision. In this case, the valence, position, and orientation of the particles within assemblies are fully coordinated and precisely aligned. The dynamic nature of the liquid bridges also allows us to investigate the unique assembly kinetics. Our strategy not only defines new modes of colloidal bonding, but also provides a powerful means toward creating hierarchical and multi-component MOF materials.

Low‐Symmetry MOF‐Based Patchy Colloids and Their Precise Linking via Site‐Selective Liquid Bridging to Form Supra‐Colloidal and Supra‐Framework Architectures

AbstractColloids with surface patches (or patchy particles) can bind and assemble with directionality. However, the bonding between the usually high‐symmetry, dome‐shaped patches is not precise, as it cannot lock the exact position and orientation of the relevant particles. This issue prevents the assembly of well‐defined colloidal superstructures by design. Herein, we introduce low‐symmetry, metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based patchy colloids, which feature a polyhedral matrix and flat hexagonal patches, along with anisotropic surfaces and compositions. Guided by the encoded shape/chemical information and mediated by a site‐selective liquid‐bridging interaction, the distinct patchy particles self‐assemble into supra‐colloidal (or supra‐framework) structures with unprecedented precision. In this case, the valence, position, and orientation of the particles within assemblies are fully coordinated and precisely aligned. The dynamic nature of the liquid bridges also allows us to investigate the unique assembly kinetics. Our strategy not only defines new modes of colloidal bonding, but also provides a powerful means toward creating hierarchical and multi‐component MOF materials.

Urethral Tissue Reconstruction Using the Acellular Dermal Matrix Patch Modified with Collagen-Binding VEGF in Beagle Urethral Injury Models.

Objectives Urethral tissue reconstruction for hypospadias is challenging for urologists. In this study, bovine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) patch loading with collagen-binding vascular endothelial growth factor (CBD-VEGF) was used to repair the urethral injury in beagles. Methods The safety and effectiveness of the scaffold implantation were carefully evaluated by comparing among the urethral injury control group, ADM implantation group, and ADM modified with CBD-VEGF implantation group during 6 months. Urodynamic examination, urethral angiography, and pathological examination were performed to evaluate the recovery of urethral tissue. Results Stricture, urethral diverticulum, and increased urethral closure pressure were observed in the control group. Fistula was observed in one animal in the ADM group. By contrast, no related complications or other adverse situations were observed in animals treated with ADM patch modified with CBD-VEGF. The average urethra diameter was significantly smaller in the control animals than in scaffold implantation groups. Pathological examination revealed more distribution of proliferative blood vessels in the animals treated with ADM modified with CBD-VEGF. Conclusions Overall, ADM patches modified with CBD-VEGF demonstrated an optimized tissue repair performance in a way to increase tissue angiogenesis and maintain urethral function without inducing severe inflammation and scar formation.

Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal patch of Methimazole

Transdermal patch is a drug delivery device in which the drugs are incorporated and is design in such a way that it releases the drug in sustained and at predetermined rate to deliver the drug through the skin to the systemic circulation painlessly. The aim of this research study was to formulate a controlled and sustained release transdermal matrix type patch of Methimazole. The matrix patch was prepared by solvent casting method using a various polymer in different concentration, HPMC (hydrophilic), Eudragit RL100 and Ethyl cellulose (hydrophobic) polymer. Total 9 prototype formulation were prepared and it was subjected for various evaluation test; weight uniformity, Folding endurance, thickness, Drug content, percent moisture content, percent Moisture uptake and In-vitro drug release study using Franz diffusion cell. The in-vitro CDR% data was fit into kinetics model to see the release kinetics from the patches. The Formulation F5 was choosen as a best formulation according to in-vitro drug release study. The in-vitro release was found 81.12 % in 12 hours, it followed zero order kinetics. The nature of polymer and concentration ratio of polymers plays a crucial role for obtaining a good transdermal patch design; therefore optimisation is very important step to formulate a desired TDDS. Therefore the result of the study encourages a further study and is hopeful that the present study would contribute to the recent pharmaceutical research for formulation development.

More Than 400 Uses of an Intestinal Submucosal Extracellular Matrix Patch in a Congenital Heart Program

BackgroundRepair of complex congenital heart disease frequently requires use of a patch as an anatomic substitute. The study’s aim is to evaluate the use, effectiveness, and safety of using small intestine submucosal extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM) patches in a congenital cardiac surgery program. MethodsThis is a single-center, retrospective, cohort study of surgeries using SIS-ECM between 2012 and 2019. The SIS-ECM data were categorized by use and type (four-ply and two-ply). All reinterventions and complications were reviewed by an independent surgeon, a practicing congenital heart surgeon, and a pediatric cardiologist. ResultsIn all, 408 SIS-ECM patches were used in 309 patients (188 male, 121 female; median age 8.5 months). Use of the patches consisted of 314 arterioplasties (77%), 22 venoplasties (5.4%), 63 intracardiac repairs (15.4%), and 9 valve repairs (2.2%). The most common use was for pulmonary artery repair (n = 181; 44.4%). Median follow-up time was 3.9 years (range, 3 days to 7.4 years). Ten patches (2.5%) required surgical reintervention (2 in the first 30 days and 5 in the first year) and 27 (6.6%) required percutaneous reinterventions (2 in the first 30 days and 22 in the first year). Between four-ply (n = 376) and two-ply (n = 32) SIS-ECM, the rate of surgical (2.1% [n = 8] vs 6.3% [n = 2], P = .18) or percutaneous reinterventions (6.4% [n = 24] vs 9.4% [n = 3], P = .46) was not different. There were no deaths related to the SIS-ECM patch or reports of calcification. ConclusionsThe SIS-ECM is a viable patch option that can be used in various cardiac and vascular reconstructive surgeries with low risk of failure and calcification. Long-term, positive outcomes may be maximized by using consistent techniques and understanding the appropriate applications of the patch.

Pulmonary artery augmentation using decellularized equine pericardium (Matrix Patch™): initial single-centre experience.

The aim of this study was to report our initial experience when using Matrix Patch™ a cell-free equine-derived pericardium for the augmentation of branch pulmonary arteries (PAs) in children. Between September 2016 and September 2019, Matrix Patch was used for the augmentation of branch PAs in 96 patients and implanted in 147 separate locations. The median age at implantation was 3.2 years (interquartile range: 0.9-8.4), and 33% of patients were infants. The patch was used mainly in redo surgeries (89.6%). Intra-procedural feasibility and reinterventions were analysed. Primary end points were death or patch-related reoperation/stent implantation. Explanted patches were stained for recellularization/calcification, or to reveal proliferation/inflammation. A total of 81 patients, who received patches in 119 separate locations, were followed within a median of 20 months (interquartile range: 10.2-30.2). Patients with early reoperation/stent implantation were excluded from follow-up. No patch-related death was noted. Survival at last follow-up was 88% (95% CI: 78.8-93.7%). Overall probability of freedom from reoperation/stent implantation per location, 12 and 24 months after initial surgery was 85.8% (95% CI: 76.2-91.7%) and 78.7 (95% CI: 65.9-87.2%), respectively. At 20 months, superficial proliferation with discrete macrophage activity was seen in explants; however, no signs of calcification are observed. The initial experience with the Matrix Patch in PAs showed comparable results to other xenogeneic patch materials. Long-term follow-up data are needed to prove the desired durability of the patch in different locations.

STUDY OF KINETICS MODEL OF FLAVONOID TOTAL RELEASE IN PATCH OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE HERBS

The liquid extract of antihypertensive herbs could reduce blood pressure equivalent to Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg based on research conducted in “Hortus Medicus” clinic, Tawangmangu, Central Java, but parameters of herbal medicine taste, design, and packaging had the lowest scores. Transdermal patch was chosen as an alternative to resolve those problems. Polymers determined the effectiveness of the active substance release from the formula. Patch was formulated from combination of hydrophilic hydroxy methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethylcellulose natrium (CMC-Na) polymer which would produce a fast release profile. The objective of this research was to study the kinetics models of total flavonoid release and to study the total number of flavonoids released from the antihypertensive herbs patch for 5 hours, as well as to determine the optimum formula for observing the weight, pH and loss on drying. Herbs were infused with distilled water at 90 ° C for 15 minutes, filtered then evaporated. Release kinetics model used a modified type-5 dissolution apparatus equipment with a cellophane membrane. The optimum proportion of HPMC and CMC-Na was 220:180 mg. Patch was dark brown, circle shaped, moist and flexible. It had pH value of 7.29 ± 0.09, folding endurance of >350, and thickness of 0.64 ± 0.05 mm. The average percentage of total flavonoids released from the matrix patch was 37.23% for 5 hours. The release kinetics followed the Higuchi kinetics model with a diffusion mechanism.

Maintaining high vegetation structural diversity in the landscape promotes arthropod diversity in dynamic production areas

Species occurrence in transformed areas (or matrix) can be enhanced by reducing the contrast in vegetation structure between the matrix and remnant natural patches. Contrast depends on both structural features of remnants and that of the matrix, which can be dynamic and determined by harvesting practices. We assess whether structurally equivalent vegetation, as determined by structural features of the matrix relative to that of remnants in the landscape, promotes species diversity and abundance in the matrix. Furthermore, we assess the relative importance of structurally equivalent vegetation compared to features of the immediate adjacent remnant patch. Arthropods were sampled from 34 sites situated in alien forestry plantation blocks of different ages, dissected by corridors of natural grassland and/or closed canopy woody habitats. We analysed how arthropod assemblages within plantations were influenced by structural features of remnant vegetation in the landscape, and that of remnant patches directly adjacent. The amount of structurally equivalent vegetation at the landscape level promoted arthropod abundance and diversity within plantations and was more important than either the structural contrast or biotope type of the immediate adjacent patch for promoting diversity in the forestry blocks. Landscapes composed of a mosaic of structurally distinct vegetation best contribute to promoting diversity within dynamic production areas. Harvesting practices that radically change the structural features of the entire plantation should be avoided. We recommend use of rotational harvesting, so creating a variety of plantation tree ages for improved arthropod spillover from both natural grassland and woody habitats.

The combination of simplex lattice design and chemometrics in the formulation of green tea leaves as transdermal matrix patch

Aim: This study was aimed to formulate a transdermal matrix patch using green tea leaf extract. Materials and methods: The transdermal matrix patch formulation was optimized by the simplex lattice design method. The correlation between responses was analyzed using chemometrics. The observed responses were: 1. the physical properties of the matrix patch, and 2. the percentage of dissolution efficiency of catechins, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate released from the patch. The determination of drug release kinetics was based on the curve-fitting analysis using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Results: The results showed that the optimal formula was obtained using the mixture of HPMC K100, HPMC K4M, and PEG 400 at a ratio of 4.0: 4.5: 0.5. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that %DE300 values of catechin caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate positively correlate. A similar condition was observed between the weight and thickness of the matrix. Drug release kinetics follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.

The pharmacokinetics of a fentanyl matrix patch applied at three different anatomical locations in horses.

Matrix fentanyl patches have not been investigated in horses and may represent an effective means of providing analgesia over an extended time period without venous catheterisation. To describe the pharmacokinetics of a matrix transdermal fentanyl patch in horses. Randomised experiment, Latin-square design. Six adult horses were given each of three treatments with a 96-hour washout. For each treatment, two 100µg/h matrix fentanyl patches were applied to the inguinal region (TXA), metacarpus (TXM) or ventral tail base (TXT) for 72hours. Blood samples for fentanyl analysis were obtained and heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured at various time points for 96hours. Fentanyl plasma concentrations were measured with LC-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic analysis. A mixed-effects model was used to analyse pharmacodynamic variables. The time to maximum plasma concentration, maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve extrapolated to infinity were 10±3.79, 14.3±5.13 and 10.3±4.8hours; 2.07±0.74, 1.55±0.53 and 2.07±0.72ng/mL; and 46.6±9.3, 44.6±6.0 and 46.2±7.68nghours/mL for TXA, TXM and TXT respectively. There was no significant difference among groups. There was no significant change from baseline or among treatment groups with regard to HR, RR or RT (P>.1 for all). There was no intravenous treatment group for determination of bioavailability. Fentanyl was rapidly absorbed and persisted in the plasma for up to 96hours. No adverse effects of treatment on HR, RR or RT were observed. Further controlled prospective studies are needed to determine what plasma concentration, if any, of fentanyl achieves an analgesic effect in horses when administered via a transdermal patch system.

Reconstruction of functional uterine tissues through recellularizing the decellularized rat uterine scaffolds by MSCs in vivo and in vitro

Infertile people who suffered from loss of uterine structures and/or functions can be treated through gestational surrogacy or uterus transplantation, which remains challenging due to the ethical and social issues, the lack of donor organs as well as technical and safety risks. One promising solution is to regenerate and reconstruct a bioartificial uterus for transplantation through the engineering of uterine architecture and appropriate cellular constituents. Here, we developed a well-defined system to regenerate a functional rat uterine through recellularization of the decellularized uterine matrix (DUM) patches reseeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Engraftment of the recellularized DUMs on the partially excised uteri yielded a functional rat uterus with a pregnancy rate and number of fetuses per uterine horn comparable to that of the control group with an intact uterus. Particularly, the recellularized DUMs enhanced the regeneration of traumatic uterine in vivo because of MSC regulation. The established system here will shed light on the treatment of uterine infertility with heterogeneous DUMs/cell resources through tissue engineering in the future.

Extracellular Matrix Patches for Endarterectomy Repair.

Patch repair is the preferred method for arteriotomy closure following femoral or carotid endarterectomy. Choosing among available patch options remains a clinical challenge, as current evidence suggests roughly comparable outcomes between autologous grafts and synthetic and biologic materials. Biologic patches have potential advantages over other materials, including reduced risk for infection, mitigation of an excessive foreign body response, and the potential to remodel into healthy, vascularized tissue. Here we review the use of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) for cardiovascular applications, particularly endarterectomy repair, and the capacity of these materials to remodel into native, site-appropriate tissues. Also presented are data from two post-market observational studies of patients undergoing iliofemoral and carotid endarterectomy patch repair as well as one histologic case report in a challenging iliofemoral endarterectomy repair, all with the use of small intestine submucosa (SIS)-ECM. In alignment with previously reported studies, high patency was maintained, and adverse event rates were comparable to previously reported rates of patch angioplasty. Histologic analysis from one case identified constructive remodeling of the SIS-ECM, consistent with the histologic characteristics of the endarterectomized vessel. These clinical and histologic results align with the biologic potential described in the academic ECM literature. To our knowledge, this is the first histologic demonstration of SIS-ECM remodeling into site-appropriate vascular tissues following endarterectomy. Together, these findings support the safety and efficacy of SIS-ECM for patch repair of femoral and carotid arteriotomy.

Retraction: Transdermal Delivery of Insulin by Amidated Pectin Hydrogel Matrix Patch in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on Some Selected Metabolic Parameters.

Retraction: Transdermal Delivery of Insulin by Amidated Pectin Hydrogel Matrix Patch in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on Some Selected Metabolic Parameters.

Long-term Results With CorMatrix Extracellular Matrix Patches After Carotid Endarterectomy

BackgroundPrevious reports of extracellular matrix (ECM) patch use after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have noted an approximately 10% rate of pseudoaneurysm (PSA) formation. PSA-related rupture of ECM patches has also been described after femoral artery repair. In these studies, different thicknesses (4-ply versus 6-ply) and no standard length of soaking the patch in saline before implantation were used. Herein, we describe our experience with ECM CorMatrix patches in 291 CEAs with 6-ply patches. MethodsThe records of 275 consecutive patients undergoing 291 CEAs with CorMatrix 6-ply patches beginning in November of 2011 and extending until 2015 were reviewed. Only 6-ply patches and a 1 min hydration time in saline were used in all patients. No shunts were used. ResultsThere were three deaths within the first 30 d secondary to subsequent cardiac surgical procedures. Nine patients experienced a perioperative stroke (3.1%), only one of which occurred secondary to an occluded internal carotid artery. One patient had a transient ischemic attack with a patent endarterectomy site.In follow-up, 11 patients (4.5%) developed severe recurrent stenoses requiring reintervention. Only one patient (0.34%) developed a PSA at 2 years possibly secondary to chronic infection. The median follow-up was 72 mo. ConclusionsOur experience with 6-ply CorMatrix ECM patches and a brief period of soaking demonstrated that these patches performed well in patients requiring a CEA. Only one PSA was noted.