Lomonosov Moscow State University Research Articles

Mathematica Montisnigri journal is 30

The article is dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the publication of the journal Mathematica Montisnigri. The founders of the journal are the Association of Mathematicians and Physicists of Montenegro and the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics of University of Montenegro, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KIAM). The chief editors of the journal are prof. Žarkop Pavićević (University of Montenegro) and prof. V.I. Mazhukin (KIAM). The first issue of the magazine was published in May 1993. The history of the organization of the institution and the publication of the journal is traced. The role of the rector of Lomonosov Moscow State University аcademician V.A. Sadovnichy and prof. of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Lomonosov Moscow State University V.I. Gavrilov in creating the journal. The development of the journal and the role of mathematicians of the University of Montenegro and mathematicians of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of RAS in this process.

Temperature monitoring of the soil condition at the Zvenigorod biological station of Lomonosov MSU

The article presents some results of working out the methodology for monitoring the state of frozen rocks, which are conducted as part of observations at the Zvenigorod biological station. One of the methods of presenting experimental data on the dynamics of the temperature regime and the thickness of the active layer over a 3-year period of field observations is also considered. The presented data can serve to verify the predictive numerical simulation of these processes at the Zvenigorod Biological Station of Lomonosov Moscow State University. This makes it possible to use this methodology for assessing the thermal state of frozen grounds and the stability of foundations and buildings and linear constructions located on them in the conditions of the North and mountainous territories. Therefore, the presented methodology can serve as a good help for monitoring and preventing the destruction of the observed structures in the conditions of climate warming.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ УНИВЕРСИТЕТА

The article dwells on the specifics of Surgut State University formation. Public opinion of the city residents, which contributed to its formation, is analyzed. The article discloses the content of the discourse, which took place between the city authorities and the city-formation organizations in relation to the model of the university, and presents the democratic solution of the issue. The work expands on the part of mind sports, held in Surgut in the 1980s–1990s, and the role of Georgy Shchedrovitsky, Professor of Lomonosov Moscow State University, in the methodological justification of the need for the university center of the system of education and the socio-cultural environment of the city. Special attention is paid to the significant role of Georgy Nazin, the first Rector of Surgut State University, in its establishment.

The Legislation of the USSR and the RSFSR on Natural Resources and on Nature Protection in 1982—1985: Its State and Main Development Features

The article is devoted to the legislation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on natural resources and on nature protection in 1982—1985. Based on the analysis of normative legal acts and other documents adopted during this period, a description of its state and main development features is given. The article is dedicated to the 270th anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University. It was prepared using the Consultant Plus legal information system.

). Interuniversity Scientific and Practical Conference “Traditional spiritual and moral values as the basis of legal development in the XXI century”

The material of the Interuniversity Scientific and Practical Conference “Traditional spiritual and moral values as the basis of legal development in the XXI century”, held at the Faculty of Law of Lomonosov Moscow State University, is presented. An attempt is made to show the connection between the values of the people (including the Russian people) and its political and legal institutions. In particular, it is noted that the concept of spirituality includes public consciousness, is permeated with value imperatives (religious, ethical, political, aesthetic). It is pointed out that, although every ethnic group has its own value imperatives, not every one of them was able to create a state. It is argued that the spirituality of the Russian people has become the basis of a thousand-year statehood – one of the greatest in world history.

Polycultural Component in the Study of Russian and French Literature Parallels by Master Students from China

The article is devoted to the experience of polycultural education on the example of the subject “Cultural Parallels of Russian and French Literature” within the master’s program “Russian and French Languages and Cultures”, implemented at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Regional Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of French Language and Culture and Department of Comparative Analysis of Languages. Intercultural interaction as a source of knowledge in the context of teaching a foreign language has become the subject of research by V.I. Fatyushchenko, S.G. Ter-Minasova, A.V. Pavlovskaya, T.Yu. Zagryazkina, J. Duverger, V. Tellier and others. In addition to the polycultural component, the article highlights the perception of Russia and France by Chinese students, studied by an online survey. The questionary showed the following results: 1) Chinese literature is close to subjects about the “superfluous person”, love, virtue, images of masculine and feminine characters, relationships between generations; 2) the discussion among master students was caused by questions of infidelity, betrayal, cunning and morality.

Техногендік зиянды қалдықтарының топыраққа әсерін рентгенофлуоресценттік әдіспен талдау

As the technogenic load increases from year to year, the soil loses its ability to provide plants with various nutrients, air, water, heat, biological and physico-chemical environment. The reason is an increase in heavy metal compounds in the soil, which leads to its degradation. The presence of heavy metals in the ecosystem, such as Pb, Cr, As, is toxic to humans and biosystems even at low concentrations. Anthropogenic pollution of the environment by heavy metals (industry, mining and smelting of ores, transport, agriculture) increases over time. Currently, soil contamination with heavy metals and its impact on the biosphere are increasingly being studied. This is especially observed in large industrially urbanized regions, where there is a large accumulation of hazardous waste that does not decompose in nature and is stored for a long time. To identify anthropogenic pollution of the environment with heavy metals, samples were taken from various soil horizons of the city of Zhezkazgan and adjacent regions. The chemical compositions of the taken samples were determined by X-ray fluorescence. Analytical work was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University. We analyzed the quantitative content of chemical elements in the soils of Zhezkazgan and adjacent zones I (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Se), II (Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, Cr), III (Ba, V, W, Mn, Sr) hazard levels.

Stratigraphic Drilling in the Northern Kara Sea: First Case and Preliminary Results

Abstract —Until recently, the sedimentary cover age and composition of the marginal North Kara Basin (northern part of the Kara Sea, Russian Arctic) remained uncertain because of the absence of direct data from parametric and exploration wells. Taking into consideration the absolute importance of these issues for understanding the regional geology of the Arctic shelf and evaluating its petroleum potential, Rosneft Oil Company, together with AO RosGeo, drilled ten shallow stratigraphic wells in fall 2020 using the research vessel (RV) Bavenit to reveal the complete stratigraphic range of the North Kara Basin. The ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) seismic survey was carried out by the RV Kapitan Voronin to adjust the well site locations and integrate the well sections into the regional geological model based on 2D seismic data during the drilling campaign. As a result, 300 m core was recovered from 11 Paleozoic and two Mesozoic stratigraphic units, previously investigated by 2D seismic and outcrop studies of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. Lab analyses (biostratigraphy, lithology, sedimentology, geochemistry, and other types of core analysis) were performed at Lomonosov Moscow State University. We present obtained lab results confirming that the main part of the North Kara Basin section belongs to the Paleozoic; late Cambrian–Late Devonian rock ages have been derived. Several Paleozoic units tend to be older than those in previously published models. Core samples include mainly terrigenous rocks with insignificant carbonate presence. Paleozoic units are overlain by a thin Mesozoic terrigenous section dated from Middle Triassic to Middle Jurassic above a distinct angular unconformity. After a thorough analysis of all the lab results, we will obtain data on the ages of sedimentary units, as well as their lithology and depositional environments, and establish elements of the hydrocarbon system (source rocks, reservoirs, and seals) to evaluate the North Kara Basin petroleum potential with lesser uncertainty. We suppose that our results will significantly contribute to establishing a stratigraphic framework, reconstructing the basin history, and evaluating the petroleum potential of the whole Arctic region.

Intellectual Immigration to Russia: the Present and the Future (by the Materials of the Round Table at the Lomonosov MSU)

The article provides an overview of the event which was organized and conducted by the Department for Demography of the Graduate School of Contemporary Social Sciences of the Lomonosov Moscow State University with the participation of representatives of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. The review examines the current trends and new research methods, features of the legal framework and state regulation, new forms of organization of scientific research in the field of intellectual immigration to the Russian Federation, which were discussed during the meeting.

The Conference “Young Leaders in Library Science” is a Platform for Ideas and Discussions

The International Scientific and Practical Conference “Young Leaders in Library Science” was held for the first time by the Russian State Library (RSL) in September 2022 as part of celebration of the 160th anniversary of the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum with the participation of the National Library of Russia (NLR) and the Section 31 on scientific research work of the Russian Library Association (RLA). The idea of the conference — to identify the present and future leaders of scientific projects and research in the modern library and information sphere of the country — has no analogues.The conference was attended by representatives of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, the National Research University — Higher School of Economics and the leading universities of Moscow that train staff for libraries — the Moscow State Linguistic University and the Moscow State Institute of Culture. For the first time, the results of the All-Russian monitoring of the staffing needs of libraries in 2022 in terms of the presence of young and qualified specialists in the sector were presented to the wide audience.For two days, three sections worked at the conference site: “Scientific research: in libraries, about libraries, for libraries”, “Applied scientific research in the library field: modern approaches and results” and “Library personnel: higher and additional professional education”. The latter was timed to the 100th anniversary of organization of specialized professional training of librarians within the RSL (1922—2022).511 participants from 9 neighbouring countries have previously registered to participate in the conference. 68 reports and papers of specialists from federal, regional, municipal, university libraries, universities, scientific organizations from 24 regions of Russia and three CIS countries were presented. The speakers were students and postgraduates, 8 doctors of sciences and 29 candidates of sciences, as well as managers and practitioners engaged in applied research as part of their direct work. Following the results of the conference, the collection of the best reports will be published in 2023.243 full-time participants attended the conference; the broadcasts of the events were viewed 2,243 times only at the time of its closure.The result of the conference was to identify the most relevant topics of scientific research in the area of library science, bibliography science and book studies, as well as specialists who will develop library science in the coming years and who will work in these scientific areas.

Russia in the Context of the Global Crisis

The article examines the features of the current situation in the world and the existing threats to Russia in its confrontation with the collective West. It is shown that the current global crisis is caused by the change of historical epochs and the transformation of the world system into a qualitatively new state. The old patterns stop working, it’s time to design the future. In these conditions, Russia has a chance to propose its own world order project and become one of the leaders in the new historical reality. But this requires a purposeful and wise policy.Aim. The aim of this article is to analyze the current situation in the world and substantiate Russia’s policy in the current conditions.Tasks. During the research, the following tasks were solved: modeling and forecasting world dynamics in the 21st century, identifying global trends, analyzing the features of the current crisis situation; analysis of the modern confrontation between the collective West and Russia; analysis of the tasks that Russia faces in the short, medium and long term, and justification of ways to solve them.Methods. The methodology for solving these problems is based on the identification of patterns of historical development using modern methods of modeling and forecasting world dynamics, developed at Lomonosov Moscow State University under the guidance of Academician V. A. Sadovnichy.Results. The results of mathematical modeling have shown that humanity is currently moving to a fundamentally new phase of historical development, when the old economic and social technologies (liberal capitalism, classical socialism) no longer work. There is a transition of human society into a new phase state, the shape of which has not yet been determined. In these conditions, we are not talking about forecasting, but about designing the future in new historical conditions. The struggle of world projects begins. Russia’s strategy should be formed on the basis of understanding the specifics of the current situation.Conclusions. The current global crisis creates serious threats to Russia’s development, exacerbates the pressure on it from the collective West. However, at the same time, new opportunities are opening up for Russia: it gets a chance to propose its own world order project and become one of the leaders in the new historical reality. To realize this chance, a purposeful and wise policy is needed. The article suggests a number of measures to implement this policy.

The Era of Cancel Culture and the Burden of Humanitarian Timelessness

An overview of the discussion held on October 19, 2022 in hybrid format at the Faculty of Economics at Lomonosov Moscow State University at the theoretical seminar «Debatable problems of modern social and economic thought» on the topic: «The era of cancellation and the burden of humanitarian timelessness», dedicated to V.A. Kutyrev memory. Economists, philosophers, historians, political scientists who took part in the seminar presented a range of opinions on the «era of cancellation» prevailing in the Euro-American world and the state of modern humanities

Comparative studies by Rodolfo Sacco

The work was written within the framework of the project of binary lectures of the Faculty of Law of the Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Kutafin University, or rather the module «Comparative Studies in persons» of the course «Comparative Jurisprudence» and is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding comparative scholar Rоdolfo Sacco.Rоdolfo Sacco was an honorable professor at Turin university department of law whose inestimable contribution to the science of law and comparative law fell on the second half of XX century, the time of intense political and legal changes. The time of his activity can be described as a major milestone of comparative law.The article examines the main ideas of European comparative law.The article describes and analyses legal formants which were outlined by Rоdolfo Sacco. The authors draw attention to the doctrine of legal formats as a confirmation of the complexity of law, and also pay attention to the peculiarities of using the comparative method in law.

Forecast temperature regime of Northern Railway embankment (in tundra near Hanovey station)

The article presents the results of field studies near Northern Railway embankment (Hanovey station) in fieldwork area of Geocryology Department (Lomonosov Moscow State University), where performed: cone penetration test, measuring thickness of active layer of and soil temperatures, monitoring settlement of embankment, laboratory tests. Mathematical model was compiled in the Qfrost program based on these data taking into account the unevenness of the snow cover in the study area. Calculations of the temperature regime of the embankment until 2050, carried out taking into account climatic changes (according to the RCP 4.5 scenario), showed that the thickness of the talik at the embankment will increase 40% in 30 years and without taking this factor into account — 17%. The article also discusses the features of the position and structure of the embankment, the composition and properties of frozen soils, which significantly affect the stability of the embankment.

Quality of fresh groundwater of the Crimean Mountains (the Bodrak River Basin)

The quality of fresh groundwater in the foothills of the Crimea, including that used for the water supply of the Crimean base of St. Petersburg State University and the Crimean educational and scientific center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, is considered. The results of longterm monitoring of the chemical composition of fresh water used for drinking purposes are presented and priority pollutants are identified. Hydrochemical modeling was carried out to calculate transport forms of chemical elements and subsequent assessment of their toxicity. The study area is located in the area of active water exchange, so in the groundwater most of the chemical elements are contained in concentrations below the level of biologically significant.

Energy transition as a factor influencing energy legislation: Overview of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Moscow, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, June 20, 2022

The article provides an overview of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Energy Transition as a Factor of Influence on Energy Legislation”, held on June 20, 2022 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, co-organized by the Faculty of Law of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Perm State National Research University, Belgorod State National Research University, and Ulyanovsk State University. The authors describe the main areas of the sections’ activities of the conference, where a comprehensive discussion was given to the issues of rethinking the energy transition in terms of the changed realities, the role and transformation of legal regulation in the framework of the energy transition, legal challenges of ensuring relations in the energy sector, impact of relations on institutions and other branches of law in the energy sector, etc.

TEACHING POLITICAL ECONOMY: PRACTICES AND THE FUTURE (BASED ON THE REPORT AT THE PLENARY SESSION OF THE VI INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY CONGRESS — IPEC-2022)

The article analyzes the experience of teaching political economy and disciplines developed on the basis of political economy methodology. The factors that determine the demand for political economy on the part of students and the research community are systematized. A brief description of the activities of international associations in the field of political economy and international scientific journals and publications is given. The features and main characteristics of the course “Political Economy” and disciplines developed on the basis of the methodology of political economy taught at Lomonosov Moscow State University for students of economics, as well as for students of non-economic areas and specialties, are considered. Directions for further development of teaching political economy and disciplines based on political economy methodology are outlined.

FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DYNAMICS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE RUSSIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

The article is addressed to a wide range of readers — research economists, as well as teachers and students of the economics of industry markets, is devoted to the study of factors of the development of industry dynamics of companies in the manufacturing sector of the Russian industry. It is stated that the dynamics of enterprises is important for economic growth, it plays a significant role in the long-term industrial transformation and technological development of the manufacturing sector. Using various indicators characterizing the state of consumer demand, entrepreneurial activity, investment process, etc., the assessment of the state of development of industry dynamics in the Russian manufacturing industry is given. It was revealed that the positive dynamics of enterprises in the period 2013–2015 changed to negative in the period 2017–2020. Along with changes in some of the above factors, the influence of a number of negative circumstances of the macroeconomic and geopolitical situation was also noted. It is stated that today the Russian processing industry may find itself in a situation of isolation from the global financial and consumer markets, a shortage of essential production resources. The article substantiates the need for accelerated adoption of programs to effectively support investment projects in key manufacturing industries, as well as the development of state industrial policy measures aimed at unhindered entry of new knowledge and competencies into the manufacturing sector, stimulating the influx of young and innovative companies. The materials of the article are used in the process of teaching the theory of industry markets at the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

МЕТЕОРИТНЫЕ ЭКСПЕДИЦИИ СОТРУДНИКОВ МУЗЕЯ ЗЕМЛЕВЕДЕНИЯ В 2022 Г

The paper briefly describes the results of the 2022 spring and summer search expeditions to the village of Tsarev, the Volgograd region (the meteorite shower “Tsarev”) and the Kamensk-Shakhtinsky district of the Rostov region (the Kamenskaya impact crater). The purpose of the expeditions was to search for and collect meteorites and impactites to replenish the exposition of the Earth Science Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University with samples.

Digital Ark of Knowledge

The general problem of creating and using encyclopedic knowledge in the digital civilization is considered. The creation and use of a digital encyclopedia are an example of intellectual activities of a collective expanded personality. The basic principles concerning the creation and functioning the “Digital ark of knowledge” at Lomonosov Moscow State University are described in the case of mathematical sciences. The arising problems and their solutions are discussed.