Labor Resources Research Articles

Територіальний розподіл населення і трудових ресурсів Чернігівської області: просторово-часові трансформації, зумовлені повномасштабним воєнним вторгненням

Chernihiv region – the third largest by territory in Ukraine, ranks among the lowest population size. It directly experienced the full-scale invasion of Ukrainian territory by russian armed forces on February 24, 2022. This led to massive migration movements within the country and beyond its borders. In the Chernihiv region, these movements took one of the most threatening forms. Prior to the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, this region was characterized by depopulation, which occurred both through natural population reduction and mechanical movement. The security factor, determined by its proximity to the state border with the aggressor state and belarus, thus posing a high threat of shelling, presents new challenges for the region. As of February 1, 2022, the population of the region was 957,665 people. This population was distributed very unevenly. All of the aforementioned factors determined the choice of the research object, which focuses on the population and labor resources of the Chernihiv region. This publication characterizes the features of their territorial distribution and the changes they undergone due to the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. The study involved collecting data on the population and labor resources of the Chernihiv region, which entailed processing and forming a proprietary database. The collected data was presented in the form of graphical materials using the QGIS application. Based on these statistical data and information from official sources, an analysis of the population and available labor resources of the Chernihiv region was conducted. Spatial differences in employment opportunities were investigated, and factors determining the existing disparities were identified. Among the districts of the region, three groups can be distinguished by population, labor resources, and employment opportunities: the first group includes the Chernihiv district (western part), the second group includes the Nizhyn and Pryluky (southeastern part), and the third group includes the Koriukivka and Novgorod-Siverskyi districts (northeastern part). In term of the total number of new vacancies in settlements, the existence of the Chernihiv-Nizhyn-Pryluky axis can be highlighted, which serves as a center of attraction for the labor resources of the region.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ БАНКІВСЬКИХ ІННОВАЦІЙ У СВІТІ

This work focuses on the fact that the rapid development and spread of new information and communication technologies has led to radical changes in the information sphere at the global level, which has a significant impact both on financial markets as a whole and on various sectors in which banks play an important role as financial intermediaries. It is noted that modern banks operate in conditions of rapid and irreversible changes in technology, competition in the market for banking services, the growth of non-banking organizations, changes in customer behavior and regulatory changes. This work analyzes the strategy of building the e-Stonia information society, the main principles of its functioning and the main components. Some characteristics of innovations introduced into the banking environment are determined. The most common types of innovative banking products are presented. The process of digitalization of relations between banks and other financial market participants is analyzed. It is noted that the interest in the banking system in the conditions of the digital economy is due to the need to solve a number of specific issues outlined in this article. The main changes in the functioning of the banking system as a result of the digitalization of the economy are analyzed. The need for further research into the security of banking operations is emphasized, taking into account the instability of world financial markets, technical progress and the potential of financial crises.. The article defines the classification of threats that pose risks to banking security in two directions. A list of conditions guaranteeing the financial security of banks is also given, and the principles reflecting the process of ensuring financial security in the banking sector are detailed. The main components that make up the bank's financial security have been determined. It was established that the factors affecting the financial security of banks lead to the loss of the bank's resource base (capital, labor resources and client base), lack of access to digital technologies and the full functioning of the financial institution. It is believed that the direct impact of digitalization on economic growth is related to the level of its innovativeness.

СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПЕРЕВАГ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Companies want to occupy better positions in the market than competitors. For this, they use different methods. One of these ways is the social focus of business. Many foreign and domestic companies have long understood that their responsibility to society is an important factor that directly affects work results. It is positive that such activity is conscious and voluntary, well perceived by consumers of products and services. Any enterprise wants to have competitive advantages. They represent such a system, which has an exclusive value and makes it possible to stay ahead of competitors in various fields of activity. Competitive advantages are individual for each company, but have common features. The classification of competitive advantages makes it possible to consider them by areas of activity: organizational, functional, etc. It is these of the listed ones that cause the greatest interest. Organizational competitive advantages are formed thanks to a better geographical location, proximity to locations of raw and labor resources, distribution of products. Work experience, the size of the enterprise and the presence of branches are also taken into account and have a positive effect. Competitive advantages by functional sphere of activity have the following varieties: marketing, production, personnel. Marketing allows the source of competitive advantages to have relationships with suppliers and intermediaries, consumers. The image of the enterprise is also a component of marketing competitive advantages. The production sphere is the basis for gaining competitive advantages due to modern production technologies and the state of equipment, quality of raw materials and products. The last variety is based on a high-quality staff and their ability to work with new technologies and modern technological equipment. These areas of activity when considering competitive advantages are important, but do not take into account the social component. But it is she who can strengthen the advantages that the company has already acquired. It is proposed to consider the social orientation of business according to the directions of responsibility proposed by A. Carroll: economic, legal, ethical and discretionary. These types of liability, if the company has them, allow you to get additional benefits. Chief among them will be the loyalty of society and consumers. They will affect the company's performance and strengthen its market position.

Analysis of The success of Construction Projects Based on Labor Productivity

The success of a construction project is often achieved when it meets the set targets with various limitations in cost, time, and quality. To achieve and sustain project success, companies must acknowledge the significance of human or labor resources as factors directly linked to labor productivity have a direct impact on project success. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between labor productivity and the success of construction projects. The population for this study consists of contractor companies in Banda Aceh City that are members of the GAPENSI association. The total population was determined to be 30 contractor companies, each with a sample of one Project Manager (PM) from the respective company. The research method is quantitative, with primary and secondary data sources. Data gathering involved the distribution of closed questionnaires to the participant. Data analysis technique using multiple linear regression analysis method. The results showed the magnitude of the influence of labor productivity with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.911. This means that labor productivity can account for approximately 91.1% of the variation in project success, while other variables outside the variables of this study explain the remaining 0.9%.

ВИТРАТИ І ВИДАТКИ: СУТНІСТЬ, ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОБЛІКУ ТА АНАЛІЗУ

State financing requires control over the availability and movement of budget funds, the implementation of estimates, therefore it can be argued that the most important objects of accounting and analysis of the activities of budget institutions are costs and expenses. The article presents a theoretical generalization and solution of the scientific task, which consists in the study of the economic essence, features of accounting and analysis of costs and expenses in budgetary institutions. It was determined that the demarcation of the essence of the researched concepts is based on the change in the forms of resource use in the process of functioning of the budget institution. Peculiarities of regulatory and legal regulation of cost and expenditure accounting are considered. It is emphasized that the term "costs" is disclosed in national and international accounting standards and other legal documents, and "expenses" – in regulatory documents regulating the budget process; expense accounting is conducted using the accrual method, and budget expenditures – using the cash method. It is indicated on which accounts and in which registers of analytical accounting the costs and expenses of budgetary institutions are recorded. The directions of classification of expenses and costs of budgetary institutions are revealed, taking into account the current budget classification (functional, departmental, economic, programmatic). It is emphasized that the purpose of controlling costs and expenses is to establish their legality, reliability and expediency and the correctness of displaying relevant economic transactions in accounting, and the main purpose of their analysis is to find reserves for reducing the costs of budget institutions. Methods of economic analysis of costs and expenses of budget institutions are disclosed and characteristics are presented, which allow to identify reserves for increasing the efficiency of the use of labor, material and non-material resources, as well as budget funds used by budget institutions.

МЕХАНИЗМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕСУРСАМИ ДЛЯ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПО КРИТЕРИЯМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

The purpose of the study is to develop mechanisms for managing the labor, financial and logistical resources available to the university for carrying out scientific activities, providing infor-mation about the human resources potential of scientific research and selecting employees to form the most effective scientific team for the implementation of each scientific project. Research methods include the method of critical analysis of scientific publications, content analysis, comparison, and systematiza-tion. Mechanisms have been developed to determine the amount of funding for scientific projects, taking into account indicators of macroeconomic performance and an indicator related to the use of the results of work obtained within the framework of previous research conducted by the project manager and re-search team. The criteria for the creation of Centers for the collective use of scientific equipment and the transfer of high-tech expensive equipment to them and their acquisition by qualified personnel to meet the needs of various projects, in order to optimize the cost of purchasing material and technical resources for scientific projects, in particular, equipment, are substantiated.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЯ СИСТЕМИ АГРАРНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ В ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article considers the definitions of the concept of "agricultural marketing", identified problems in the agrarian sphere of business, provided an organizational and methodological rationale for conducting marketing activities in agribusiness at the level of the state, regions, and enterprises, and formed the components of the agrarian marketing system for implementation in the activities of agrarian enterprises. Agricultural marketing can be defined as a set of interdependent organizational, technical, financial and commercial functions of the enterprise, aimed at ensuring the sale of agricultural products in accordance with consumer requests for the benefit of the enterprise. The main goal of agricultural marketing is to fully satisfy the rational standard of food consumption by the population while ensuring the effective activity of agribusiness entities. An effective marketing system uses market analysis to predict demand; will try to minimize blind entry into markets and instead promote a withdrawal regime. Increases income – a well-organized marketing system will increase the total amount of income received in the agricultural value chain. The agricultural marketing system contains a set of the most important market relations and information flows that connect the agricultural enterprise with the markets. As a result of the study, it was established that the organizational structure of the vast majority of agricultural enterprises does not correspond to the principles of marketing, which is manifested in the complexity of the internal interaction of services and departments, limited marketing tools for market analysis, ineffective management. It is proposed to introduce a marketing-oriented organizational structure of agricultural enterprises to optimize the relationship between services and divisions of the enterprise, and to use marketing tools for market research. It is recommended in modern conditions to make sales using the Internet as much as possible, that is, a digital platform that helps to optimize financial, labor and production resources and costs.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ

Significance. Public health is defined as a medical and social resource that ensures national security and potential for socio-economic development of the country. The possibilities of state management of public health as a medical and social resource are limited by the lack of methodology for assessing determinants that affect it. The presented study outlines the conceptual framework for defining determinants of public health from the standpoint of the risk-based approach to its protection, as well as its components of labor, military, reproductive, and reserve resources. Developing a concept of public health management serves as a theoretical justification of public policy measures to develop strategies to control the risks of reducing the quality of public health. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework for defining determinants of public health. Material and methods. When developing the conceptual framework, the provisions of the following standards have been used: GOST R ISO 31000-2019 standard “Risk management. principles and guidelines”, WHO standard “The urban health index”, GOST R ISO/TS 21667-2009 standard “Health informatics. A conceptual model of health indicators”, as well as “Glossary of health promotion terms”, 2021 by the World Health Organization. The study presents the procedure for identifying risk factors, differentiating them by types of determinants and controlling the risks for the loss of public health under the influence of these determinants. Factors can be identified based on expert assessments, as well as confirmed statistical significance of the factors. Results. The possibilities of public health management are limited by the lack of a comprehensive methodology for measuring determinants of public health. The authors evaluate a set of determinants of public health, including social, biological, behavioral, medical, and environmental determinants. The article has developed a four-stage model for identifying factors that contribute to public health strengthening and risk factors for the loss of public health. A set of unique factors should be identified for each determinant of public health. Conclusion. The developed conceptual framework for defining determinants of public health is focused on the fact that the determinants of public health should be correlated with the components of public health as a medical and social resource that ensures attainment of the strategically important national security goals: national defense capability, viability, reproduction, and protection of society. It is necessary to consider territorial differences in the set of risk factors associated with the causes of loss of public health, as well as changes in their significance depending on the state of determinants, the period of society's life, including the period of pre-crisis, crisis and sustainable development. Scope of application. The determinants of public health should be considered as a methodological basis for the development of strategies to improve public health in the interests of the national security. Developing a list of public health risk factors and a list of factors contributing to its growth plays an essential role in improving effectiveness of strategic planning tools for this resource.

Resources time footprint for assessment of human influence on ecosystem service from a sustainability standpoint

Nature provides diverse services to humanity, known as ecosystem services (ES), yet certain services, such as food and timber, are geographically distant from human settlements. This spatial separation of ES from supply area to demand site fosters transfer through human-made carrier as ES flow, resulting in social and ecological impacts. This study delves into this complex ES supply, flow, and demand relation. While the conventional ES assessment approach mainly quantifies ES supply potential, Resources Time Footprint (RTF) is introduced as a new indicator to evaluate human intervention part of ES supply and flow. RTF examines intergenerational sustainability of ES by evaluating material, land, labor, and pollutant resource utilization in relation to individual allocations. The efficacy of this integration is evaluated through a case study covering 17 ESs dynamics in central Bhutan for 2010 and 2020, and RTF is applied to potato-ES, given its higher human intervention in the area. This is finally validated against commonly used emergy analysis and its derivatives. The study observed a 3.5% increase in 17 ESs, with minor intergenerational implications associated with supply and flow of potato-ES. The average per capita RTF values were 0.81 and 0.52 years, or 2 and 1.3 years per 100 kg of potatoes for the 2010 and 2020 base case, respectively. This smaller RTF value for 2020 indicates reduced resource occupancy rates with higher intergenerational sustainability. This replicable indicator effectively evaluated human related impacts on ES supply and flow and identified land and labor as underperforming aspects with higher occupancy rates. The comparative validation showed inadequateness of emergy-derivatives in examining human intervention in ES flow, and limitations of ES-RTF in evaluating nature's contribution. This underscores the complementary nature of two methodologies. Overall, this study contributes to a telecoupling framework for a sustainable society, enhancing coherence and consistency in analyzing ES supply and flow.

Determining a proportion of labor and equipment to achieve optimal production: A model supported by evidence of 19 U.S. industries from 2000 to 2020

<abstract> <p>This study examines two decades of labor and capital costs and gross output to evaluate production in 19 industries. A lesson learned is the need to have more input cost variables specifically defined to capture the production environment. Simply evaluating production by two categories alone—labor and capital—is not sufficient. This study tests a new production equation, producing an ordinary least squares regression model to explain changes to labor and capital resources in the U.S. economy. I found that increasingly growing capital intensity might not be optimal. Labor continues to play a role in production. Applied in proper proportion—neither too much nor too little—labor can be effective in producing maximum output. This study contributes to the literature by quantifying capital intensity with a measure that generalizes about U.S. production across industries. Evidence shows that 12 out of 19 industries had low capital intensity; in other words, most industries were labor intensive with relatively small utilization of equipment.</p> </abstract>

Factors of Missed Nursing Care in Intensive Care Units: Palestinian Perspective.

Maintaining a high standard of nursing care is imperative for ensuring patient safety. Several factors significantly impact the provision of nursing care, including work environment resources, personnel coordination, work systems, and head nurse leadership. In addition, each nurse's clinical and academic career also plays a role in shaping the quality of care provided to patients. This article reports results of a cross-sectional study aimed to identify the different types of missed nursing care and the factors that contribute to them, as perceived by nurses, and second, to investigate how nurses' characteristics may relate to the occurrence of missed nursing care. Data for this study were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to participants working in an intensive care unit. The study included a final sample size of 176 participants, all of whom worked in intensive care unit hospitals located in the north region of Palestine. The study found that handwashing, setting up meals for patients who feed themselves, discharge planning, and response to a call light were the most frequently missed nursing care activities. The primary factors identified as reasons for missed nursing care were inadequate availability of labor and material resources, along with communication issues. Efforts to address these identified issues can potentially lead to improved quality of nursing care in intensive care units.

До питання сутності загальновиробничих витрат підприємства та управління ними

The article summarizes the content of general production costs, their specific composition, the order of distribution of general production costs (on the example of specific situational material), the order of reflection in accounting of the distribution of general production costs, the functions of strategic management of general production costs. The aim of the article is to study the topical aspects of formation and distribution of general production costs of enterprise, optimization of the level of general production costs in the context of their planning, analysis and control. Further, the general production costs associated with the organization, management, maintenance and control of the production activities of the enterprise as a whole. In order to avoid an arbitrary interpretation of general production costs, they are standardized with the help of National Accounting Standards (NP(S)BO 16 «Costs»). These costs form the production self-cost are the basic indicator of the enterprise’s activity, which affects the profitability of its activities. The formation of such costs is carried out in compliance with the current sectoral procedure for their accumulation and distribution (in compliance with the provisions of the Methodological Recommendations for the formation of the self-cost of production). These costs are subject to distribution. The distribution base can be: hours of labor, wages, volume of activities, direct costs, land areas, etc. General production costs are divided into: fixed and variable. The list of fixed and variable general production costs is determined by the enterprise within the framework of the approved accounting policy. Since some of the general production costs are mixed or it is difficult to distinguish either fixed or variable costs for them, individual enterprises do not carry out such a division and, accordingly, fully distribute them according to the selected distribution base, based on the actual capacity. In production, the distribution of general production costs is carried out between the main products. Among the main methods that can be used for cost distribution are the following: direct distribution; distribution based on production volume; distribution based on the cost of materials; distribution on the basis of labor; capacity-based distribution. The use of these methods involves the choice of a single base for the distribution of general production costs, which is based on the consideration that costs are written off (distributed) by types of products on the basis of a single standard – the coefficient of distribution of general production costs or the cost rate. Accounting for these costs is carried out through account 91 «General production costs». The article provides an example of the distribution of general production costs. The functions of strategic management of general production costs (planning, implementation of parameters laid down in the plan, efficiency control, analysis of results and feedback) are generalized. The introduction of these functions will make it possible to identify energy- and material-intensive units and, as a result, to control the use of material, labor, and financial resources.

Study of the efficiency of using a machine in the automation of agricultural production

The past period of economic and agrarian reforms has shown that actively applied measures to radically change production relations have not yet yielded positive results, since the mechanism for creating the appropriate productive forces, and especially from the active technical part, has not been developed. The need to improve management methods in the field of equipment operation is dictated by the deepening contradictions of an economic, technical and environmental nature. They can only be resolved through a systematic approach. The article provides an analysis of the development of interrelated complex and differentiated standards for the need for material, labor and other resources for various levels and modes of planning.

Вплив інтернаціоналізації людських ресурсів на економічний розвиток і конкурентоспроможність трудового потенціалу, освітні заклади та інноваційно-проєктну діяльність

The article examines the impact of internationalization of human resources on economic development and competitiveness of labor potential. Special attention is paid to the role of educational institutions in training qualified personnel capable of working in the conditions of globalization. The authors analyzed how internationalization affects innovative project activities, promoting the exchange of knowledge and best practices between countries. The article also discusses strategies for internationalization of labor potential and the importance of developing international partnerships in the field of education and science. Modern trends in the internationalization of human resources at the level of states, corporations, and educational institutions were systematized and evaluated. Special attention is focused on the interaction of international applicants and teachers, exchange of experience and cultural values. Examples of successful initiatives involving foreign specialists in national projects and research supporting innovative development are given. The final sections of the article highlight the prospects for the further development of the internationalization of labor resources in the context of the globalization of the economy and formulate recommendations for the policy of education and development of human resources.

АНАЛИЗ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ РОЖДАЕМОСТИ КАК ФАКТОР ВЛИЯНИЯ НА РЫНОК ТРУДА В РЕГИОНЕ

The state demographic policy aimed at increasing the birth rate, against the background of the ongoing natural decline of the Russian population, is gaining priority, since the population, the level and quality of its life are among the key characteristics of stability in the country. The natural growth of the population, which is provided by the birth rate, forms potential labor resources in the long term, which is especially important in the context of an increasing shortage of personnel in the country. The problems of fertility and ensuring the reproduction of the population are multidimensional, because They are influenced by both socio- economic factors and factors that determine the target social attitudes. This study analyzes demographic trends, the labor market, implemented measures to support families, increase demography and the number of workers in the Russian Federation and the Lipetsk region. The factors influencing both fertility and the order of birth of children, as well as social support that helps maintain the well-being of families with children and their quality of life, including the development of the social sphere, are studied. Based on the results of the study, proposals have been developed to improve state policy measures to increase the birth rate and reduce the deficit in the labor market.

Анализ трендов и потребностей современного рынка труда для на примере ит-отрасли: пути преодоления карьерного разрыва

The article analyzes the state of the Russian labor market in 2023, and also examines the main trends, including the shortage of personnel, the need to implement measures to retain highly qualified specialists in companies, the growth of the average age ofthe applicant, the demand for knowledge of Asian languages and skills to work with modern digital solutions, and others. Based on a comparison of 2022 and 2023, an increase in vacancies on popular job search platforms was re-vealed, and the areas most in need of personnel were identified. Using the example of the IT-industry, the required soft and hard skills for specialists in the most popular positions are analyzed. As a result of the work carried out, recommendations were formulated for universities aimed at improving the career preparation of students. Salaries by industry are considered, where the sharpest jump in the IT sector can be identified, starting in 2021. The paper analyzes the most popular areas of university educational programs, and one of the most popular areas was chosen to analyze the competencies formed in them: “Information Technology” at Lomonosov Moscow State University. As a result of the work carried out, recommendations were formulated for universities aimed at improving the career preparation of students The research's novelty rests in its comprehensive approach to the study of the gap between the requirements for university graduates and the requirements of the labor re-sources market, in order to develop practical recommendations for overcoming it. The authors em-phasize the need for further research into the imbalance in higher education and the labor resources market, including in the IT sector, which holds strategic importance in fostering an innovative econ-omy and the realization of goals for Russia’s technological sovereignty.

Выявление причин оттока населения из успешного дальневосточного арктического региона (1990–2020 гг.)

The problem of the Far Eastern macroregion after the transition to a market economy is the population outflow. Since 1990, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the easternmost Arctic region of Russia, has lost the largest share of the population (70 %). The external success of the okrug’s socio-economic development, as evidenced by the primary industry growth and its leading places among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in a number of key per capita indicators, does not contribute to the influx of labour resources, since this region is one of the smallest in Russia. The 30-year dynamics of socio-economic processes in Chukotka were examined to clarify the reasons for this paradox. To this end, main quantitative and qualitative indicators of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the economic and social sphere were compared in the context of a planned economy (1990), when the region was attractive for living, and market one (2020), characterised by a massive population outflow. To assess living standards, the authors’ methodology was used to compare the purchasing power of income in different economic conditions. Living standards significantly decreased: in a planned economy, they exceeded the national average by 3 times, while in market conditions, there is only a slight excess (22 %). The population outflow from the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug resulted from a combination of two factors: a change in the economic paradigm and specificity of the Arctic region. Accordingly, the population of the northern and Arctic regions can be maintained only by providing a better living standard relative to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The findings can be used to improve the socio-economic policy of the Russian North and Arctic.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПРАЦІ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ В УМОВАХ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

It is noted that in the context of the reconstruction of the economy of Ukraine and its transformation on a market basis, attention is being paid to the formation of new organizational and economic relations in the field of labor. It has been proven that the issues of ensuring the quality of work, which affect the improvement of the efficiency of personnel management and the competitiveness of enterprises, allow not only to reduce the turnover of personnel, but also to face the problem of shortage of labor resources. It is noted that the current stage of development of the concepts of the quality of working life and decent work requires the use of an interdisciplinary approach and is characterized by the interpenetration of various concepts, the main one of which is the organization of work. It is emphasized that the quality of work at the enterprise is a multifaceted variable and the main criteria of the quality of work of the personnel at the enterprise are defined, namely: decent wages, effective employment, effective social partnership, social protection system, realization of individual values. It is substantiated that the main result of the analysis of the quality of work is the introduction of an effective set of measures to improve the organization of work in the company. The main indicators of the economic efficiency of the set of measures to ensure the quality of work at the enterprise are determined: the growth of labor productivity and the annual economic effect. It has been proven that the system of labor quality indicators should be aimed at solving tasks: ensuring objective measurement of labor efficiency indicators and reflecting the management system's ability to use internal opportunities for its improvement. The criteria for indicators of the quality of work of personnel at the enterprise and the division of the system of indicators for ensuring the quality of work into indicators-results of work efficiency and indicators-possibility of improving the quality of work are substantiated. It has been proven that the development and implementation of the concept of total quality management (TQM) and labor quality management systems adapted to specific conditions into the practice of enterprises will increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises and promote their effective integration into the European space.

АНАЛІЗ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article examines the economic and demographic factors characterizing the population. The population is the main carrier of the labor resource and entrepreneurial spirit. Thanks to its knowledge, skills and abilities, the economic resource of labor acquires special importance in the modern conditions of the knowledge economy. It becomes the most important of all factors of economic growth and development. An economically active population directly affects the functioning of the labor market in the economic system. The economic activity of the population depends on the processes of reproduction and migration. The level of employment, age and social structure of labor resources affects the country’s labor supply. All this determines the relevance of the research topic and requires a detailed analysis of problems related to the peculiarities of the functioning of the domestic labor market in the modern market economy. During the war in Ukraine, the labor market is faced with many problems that require urgent study and solution: population decline, birth rate reduction and death rate increase, aging of the nation, increase in unemployment rate, intensification of migration flows, etc. This situation is aggravated due to the reduction of production, the closure of many firms due to military operations. External forced migration has intensified in Ukraine, which causes significant psychological problems: anxiety, depression, fear, despair. It differs from labor migration in terms of duration and structure. Reconstruction and restoration of Ukraine after the war will require, first of all, human capital with its physical and mental abilities, powerful intellectual potential. It is extremely important to return migrants to their homeland, to include them in the economically active population of our country and to create a gross domestic product. In addition to migration policy, labor market regulation by the state should include appropriate demographic policy, employment policy, as well as social and personnel policy. The active policy of the state in the labor market involves the development of a mechanism for institutional, informational and legal support for the implementation of a unified strategy for human resources management.

Трансформация направлений международной образовательной миграции в Калининградской области

In the context of modern globalization processes, the volume of population involved in international educational migration is growing increasingly intensive, and its results are having a more noticeable impact on socio-political and socio-economic processes. This article examines international educational migration as a source of potential labor resources for the country’s economy and as an indicator for assessing geopolitical and geoeconomic processes. Current trends in international educational migration show that North American and European countries are the main recipients of foreign students, while the donor countries are predominantly from Asia, Africa, and partially Latin America. The demand for and popularity of Russian education in the international educational services market is growing. Under the influence of geopolitical factors and sanctions, the flows of educational immigration to Russia are transforming and reorienting by country. Central Asian countries, China, and India occupy leading positions. Using the example of the Kaliningrad region, a comparative analysis of the transformation of volumes and directions of international educational migration is conducted, and the reasons for these changes are examined. The region is characterized by the expansion and diversification of flows, as well as a decrease in foreign students from geographically close countries and a reorientation to all-Russian trends.