Labor Resources Research Articles

Issues of productive employment of rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The goal is an integrated approach characterizing the state of labor resources in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan; identifying the main problems and ways to solve them to increase employment and well-being of rural residents. Methods – monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical, qualitative and quantitative methods of scientific research. Results – based on application of economic-statistical method, it is noted that provision of personnel to agricultural sector of the republic’s economy is unsatisfactory in terms of both quantitative and qualitative indicators. Foreign experience in supporting labor activity in agriculture has been studied. The issues of implementing state programs for sustainable development of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan are analyzed. The dynamics of changes in labor force nationwide by gender and age for the period from 2019 to 2023 are presented. The level of wages in agro-industrial production is shown in comparison with other sectors of economy. The authors provide data on shortage of labor reserves at the average and managerial level of agricultural enterprises. Trends in the number of employed people and reasons for the outflow of young personnel from rural areas have been identified. Proposals have been developed to increase the number of people employed in agricultural sector of the republic. Conclusions - scientific results obtained during the study can be used to develop and implement various government programs aimed to increase employment, level and quality of life of rural residents of Kazakhstan. The efficient use of human capital contributes to the growth of labor productivity in rural areas. The expansion of rural employment in modern conditions is associated with development of the real sector of economy and small businesses, industry diversification, use of various types of agribusiness, primarily processing, tourism, service sector, and alternative activities of economic entities.

The Effect of ICT Formation and Development on the Dynamics of Production Output

The purpose of this article is to analyze how differentiation in the development of the ICT sector in terms of two kinds of indicators (for either “formative” or “characterizing” ICT) may affect a country’s or region’s economic output, a relationship which this study seeks to better understand. The research hypothesis is that the degree of impact on the economic indicators of a country’s development that is attributable to heterogeneity in the ICT sector, classified as either “formative” or “characterizing,” is not the same. To test this hypothesis, three types of models were constructed incorporating either general effects, fixed effects, or random effects. The impact on economic growth from control variables that are not directly related to the ICT sector was also tested. The results of the study indicate that the cumulative effect of a single unit increase in each of the components that make up the formative ICT factors (because of development in related components) is greater than the effect from a like increase in components that are among the characterizing ICT factors; and this different impact produces in a 7.96% increase in GRP per capita. The authors’ expectations about the positive effects of a number of factors pertaining to labor resources and capital on the value of GRP per capita were also confirmed. One advantage of the proposed theoretical approach is that it permits the range of explanatory variables to be expanded and the dependent variable to be replaced by one consistent with the goals under consideration and the corresponding tools.

Demographic Characteristics of Labor Resources Formation and Use in the Largest Cities of Russia in 2019–2021

The article examines the demographic characteristics of labor resources formation in Russian cities with a population of over a million. The research reveals the role of migration in replenishing largest cities’ labor resources, which corresponds to E.G.Ravenstein’s law that large cities grow mainly due to migration. Based on indicators of demographic well-being, the author gives an assessment of the demographic situation in the largest cities. It has been established that during the pandemic, the intensity of migration processes decreases, and its recovery occurs in cities at different rates. The article presents an analysis of structural changes in employment for large groups of industries and types of economic activity– commodity-producing industries, infrastructure, and social spheres. The reserves for increasing employment in the largest cities are considered. Emphasis is placed on increasing the labor activity of internal migrants, who have advantages compared to foreign labor. The research reveals a significant differentiation of wages across the largest cities, which creates unequal conditions for the reproduction of the labor force. It also determines ratings of the largest cities in terms of generation replacement, employment, unemployment, wages, and the social sphere. The author proposes a development in the system of strategic planning documents of a block of indicators characterizing the achievement of demographic well-being and increasing the efficiency of using the labor potential of the largest cities.

The impact of mining on the economy in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Studying mining as a special branch of the region is certainly relevant. The analysis is based on revealing its role in the formation of the state budget of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia); calculating the localization (specialization) coefficients of the region in terms of Gross Value Added and the average annual number of employees; identifying the industry’s contribution to the formation of the region’s labor resources; and studying the demand for professions in the industry under study using the example of engineers and technicians in a mining camp. The results of activities in the extraction of basic minerals in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in recent years are summed up; the need for corporations to be provided with the information on regions of their presence and strengthening the inclusion of corporations in sustainable development on environmental issues is revealed. The results of the study showed the continued dependence of the Yakutia’s economy on the mining industry in the midterm, a changed ratio of the export commodity structure in favor of hydrocarbon and coal production, and a reduced role of diamond mining. In the future, it is necessary to focus on more detailed characteristics of shift work mining and its impact on the economy of the region.

Migration of the population of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the country’s prospects for joining the EU

The Republic of Moldova is a small country that has recently become a labour resource donor to Russia and OECD countries due to declining living standards, economic issues, lack of social guarantees, and prospects within the country. The article analyses the consequences of citizen emigration for Moldova, focusing on its impact on demographics, socio-economic conditions, and the labour market, since 2014 when Moldova signed an agreement on a visa-free regime with the European Union and many residents of the country were able to freely cross the border and go to European Union countries in order to work. At the same time, special emphasis is placed in the article on the demographic problems that are currently being observed in the country. The authors note that Moldova's accession to the EU entails a demographic crisis due to the fact that young, educated and able-bodied people leave the country, fewer children are born in Moldova every year, the death rate in the country exceeds the birth rate, and the number of marriages is equated to the number of divorces. On the one hand, joining the EU will open up opportunities and broad horizons for the citizens of the Republic of Moldova, but on the other hand, the same problems will remain, and therefore, will people want to develop and live in their country? In their study, the authors rely on statistical and sociological data, as well as analytical materials from the Republic of Moldova, OECD countries, UNHCR, etc.

Проблемы развития золотодобывающего комплекса на Северо-Востоке СССР в конце 1950-х - начале 1960-х гг.

The article explores the features of the gold mining industry development in the North-East of the USSR in the late 1950s - early 1960s. The author examines the causes and consequences of the crisis in the industry as well as the complex of measures taken to overcome it at the regional and central levels. The main focus is made on the role of the regional Communist Party (CPSU) and governmental authorities in the formation and implementation of a new strategy for the gold mining complex development, based on the intensification of geological survey, the gold placer exploration in Chukotka, the attraction of financing and the personnel. The author demonstrates that of the decisive importance was the interaction of the regional CPSU committee and Council for People's Economy (Sovnarkhoz) with geological exploration organizations, the change of leadership of the latter, and the reorientation to the search for gold placers in Chukotka. Due to regional initiatives and the targeted state support, it became possible to increase capital investments in geological exploration and construction of mining enterprises, to ensure the inflow of additional labour resources. The author bases his research on a wide range of archival sources, which permit to study the dynamics and specifics of managerial decisions and actions under an intricate economic and social situation. The article reveals the fact that, despite the achieved growth of gold production, the industry still faced serious problems, related to the Dalstroy heritage, planned unprofitability, moral and physical wear and tear of equipment, stealing of gold, etc. The author concludes that, for the further development of the gold mining industry in the North-East, it was necessary to reequip the enterprises, to implement innovations, to increase labour productivity, and to solve social problems in the region.

Strategies of Professional and Educational Choice among Technical University Applicants

Introduction. There is an acute shortage of labor resources in the modern labor market, especially with engineering qualifications. A significant part of university students do not reach the stage of obtaining a diploma. Efficient spending of federal budget funds for training of high-class technical specialists becomes extremely necessary. The purpose of this study is to identify the main strategies of choosing a university among first-year students participating in the “Priority-2030ˮ program. Materials and Methods. The goals and objectives of this descriptive study suggest obtaining a more complete understanding of professional and educational applicants’ strategies when choosing technical universities. The questionnaire method implemented in the form of an online survey was used as the main method of collecting primary empirical data. The survey was conducted in May 2023 (n = 1,888). Results. The main motives and factors influencing the professional and educational strategy of choosing a higher educational institution are determined: the characteristics of the university (its type and academic authority, position in university rankings, its transport accessibility and the availability of dormitories); prospects for further employment in the speciality received; the financial capabilities of the applicantʼs family, the main trajectories of admission to the university. The most relevant aspects of the attractiveness of the university for applicants are formulated. Discussion and Conclusion. The authorʼs conclusions contribute to the development of scientific approaches to the study of trends in the development of higher education, the theory and practice of organizing the educational process in educational organizations, the problems of professional self-determination and career guidance, methods of supporting studentsʼ professional choice. The materials of the article can be useful to Russian universities in developing an effective system of career guidance.

The concept of economic concentration in theory

The article considers in chronological order the scientific views of scientists of both modern and past centuries on defining the essence of economic concentration. The article analyses and compares them, and as a result reveals the main criteria of the concept of economic concentration, identifies its components and mechanisms as a theoretical value.
 The article highlights the historical aspect of the origin and development of scientific thought on the essence of economic concentration and the impact on it of events that took place in society in a particular period of time, such as the industrial revolution of the XVIII century, which became the driving force for intensifying scientific research in the field of economic mergers.
 The main aspects of concentration processes and their impact on the economic situation both within a particular state and abroad are clarified. The author outlines the range of possible consequences of economic concentration and gives an assessment of them, according to which the impact of concentration on the economy and society is both positive, leading to the flourishing of competition as a driving force of economic and social progress, and negative, leading to the formation of monopolies, oligopolies and imperfect competition, rising unemployment, production restrictions, rising prices, and slowing down scientific and technological progress.
 The importance of theoretical consolidation of the concept of economic concentration as a way to avoid negative consequences of concentration processes is revealed.
 It is established that due to the diversity of criteria for economic concentration, it is theoretically quite difficult to capture its essence in one concept, since it is necessary to separate its types, levels, volumes and other criteria. In a generalised form, economic concentration is a complex economic process that consists in the controlled combination of production, technology, economic relations, labour, labour, capital, resulting in an increase in the size of production, labour resources, capital, production technologies, which in turn may lead to the formation of monopolies and restriction of competition.

Corporate training is a mechanism for the reproduction of labor resources

The availability of professional skills adequate to the modern economic and technological paradigm among citizens forming the country’s labor resources is an important task for the sustainability of national economic and production systems. Corporate universities established in companies contribute to solving this problem in many ways. Organizations use the corporate university model to promote their learning initiative in order to effectively manage their large investments in professional development and staff development. Thus, corporate training has expanded its influence, and not limited to the functions of reproducing professional competencies within individual companies, it is currently a mechanism for implementing government programs and concepts for the formation and development of skills of the population, which corresponds to the policy of workforce development as one of the significant factors of state sustainability in the context of economic transformation and global challenges.

MAPPING THE LINKS BETWEEN RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND THE INNOVATIVE CAPACITY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES

The article examines studying the relationship between the level of innovation in different countries and the efficiency of their resource use, in order to better understand the potential impact of increased adoption of new technologies on the responsible use of resources in the future. Two country’s samples were created for the study: the first includes 36 world economies, with calculations of energy and labour resource use efficiency, taking into account the size of the economy and the level of innovation achieved; the second sample includes data on the material footprint of 121 countries, along with levels of innovation and economic development. The empirical confirmation of the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the level of economic innovation achieved and the efficiency of resource use is a key finding. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis indicate a direct and close relationship between a country’s economic innovativeness and its consumption volume of natural resources. This relationship can be described by a linear function. The analysis also confirms that as the population’s welfare and economic innovativeness grow, the state’s material footprint increases. The study is of theoretical and practical importance, encouraging the improvement of tools to ensure innovative development based on responsible production and consumption of resources. This approach aims to achieve better results at the same cost. Identifying the necessary factors related to innovative activity and efficient resource use by enterprises, as well as establishing functional dependencies between these variables, represent prospective areas for further research. In addition, a detailed examination of the experiences of Russian companies and their implications regional differentiation in terms of innovation and resource efficiency is a logical next step.

Evaluation of Human Resource Potential of Organizations of Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Main problem: At the present stage of life, workforce plays a special and very important role in the activities and development of any organization. Human resources need to be managed. Management itself is a process of streamlining, regulating a particular activity. Managing an organization means defining the main directions of its development, setting goals for it and contributing to their achievement. Human resources are the face of a company, a component derivative, without which its existence is impossible. Any promising and self-respecting company assigns the formation of its staff to one of the leading directions of its own policy. Currently, in the context of social and economic transformations, the management of the activities of healthcare organizations is changing significantly, and therefore it is necessary to improve personnel management approaches that contribute to improving the quality of services provided and labor productivity. Taking into account the peculiarities of personnel management of a medical institution at the present time, the issue of reforming the personnel policy of healthcare, improving the image of institutions, forming a corporate culture, developing and implementing criteria for the motivational process is acute. Solving these tasks will help managers in the personnel management process. Purpose of this article is to assess the state of human resources of organizations of the sanitary and epidemiological service in the Republic of Kazakhstan and identify the main problems in the personnel management system of the organization using the example of the activities of the State Institution “Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Control of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan”. Methods: The work used general scientific methods of comparative systemic, vertical and horizontal analysis, structural and functional the method, analytical techniques, economic and statistical research methods. Results and their significance: the authors have defined the human resource management system of a healthcare institution, analyzed the current personnel management system using the example of the State Institution “Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Control of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan”. The assessment of the state and movement of labor resources of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Control Committee was carried out. Based on the conducted research, the authors identified the main problems of human resource management of a healthcare institution and developed proposals that can be used as recommendations for further reform and development of the personnel management system in the healthcare sector.

Evaluating the impact of internet communication quality in human resource management on the productivity of construction projects

This research endeavors to examine the intricate relationship between human resource management and communication management in Iraqi construction projects, exploring their impact on project productivity. Beyond its primary objectives, the study aims to identify key challenges and limitations in implementing effective communication and human resource management practices in the Iraqi construction sector. Understanding these challenges provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers, informing strategies to overcome obstacles and enhance project productivity. The research methodology involves an initial survey using a main questionnaire, focusing on three key areas: internet communication in human resource management, the influence of internet quality on construction project management, and factors affecting work productivity. The sample size, determined using Morgan's Table, requires a minimum of 248 participants. The questionnaire is distributed to engineers, managers, and technicians, with the number of respondents meeting the required sample size. Data analysis utilizes the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for each variable to identify underlying factors. A first-order confirmatory factor analysis is performed using the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) program, creating a structural model incorporating three variables and their associated factors. Out of the initial 64 factors, 21 are included in the final model, refined based on modification indices (M.I) output to improve fit. Results indicate a significant positive effect (0.92) of internet communication quality on labor productivity, while the impact of labor resource management is relatively negligible (−0.07). The size effect of variables on human resource management is 0.05, suggesting a small but non-zero effect. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of internet communication quality in enhancing labor productivity in construction projects and emphasize the need for effective human resource management practices in the industry. This study contributes valuable insights for project managers and practitioners in construction sector.

Trade Beyond Borders: Decoding India-China Economic Relations

India and China are prominent players in the rapidly growing economies of Asia. With a shared border spanning 3488 kilometers, the two nations have historically grappled with border disputes, leading to periodic violent clashes between their respective military forces. These skirmishes often evoke strong sentiments among the Indian populace, resulting in intensified boycotts of Chinese goods as a form of protest and economic reprisal. This paper aims to critically examine the trade relations between India and China, particularly in the context of trade restrictions on products originating from China, within the framework of their membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Drawing on data sourced from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), trade indices such as the Export Share Index, Import Share Index, Import Category Index, and Origin Specific Import Category Index are calculated to shed light on the bilateral trade dynamics, mutual economic interdependence, and trade balance from the perspective of India. Analysis reveals a significant trade deficit for India vis-à-vis China, which has surged at an annual rate of 23.46 percent between 1995 and 2022. India's reliance on China extends beyond manufactured goods to encompass essential raw materials, particularly in sectors such as pharmaceuticals. Notably, China serves as the primary source for 23 out of 260 items and a major contributor to over 38 additional items in India's import portfolio. Rather than resorting to a trade war with China, which could yield adverse effects for both nations, it is suggested that India focus on bolstering infrastructure development, fostering a conducive business environment, improving ease of doing business, and investing in healthcare and education sectors. Such measures aim to stimulate industrial growth, harness skilled labor resources, and enhance employment opportunities for the populace at large.

Evaluation of a pharmacist-led workflow for the FDA Expanded Access Program.

This project aimed to characterize the resources necessary for pharmacists to support the required steps for obtaining and handling investigational drugs outside of a study protocol in the individual patient and intermediate-size population Expanded Access Program (EAP) processes. The second aim was to characterize the types of EAP requests received. This retrospective, single-center, observational study was performed by reviewing EAP requests initiated at Duke University Hospital (DUH) between August 1, 2017, and February 11, 2023. The annualized cost of unreimbursed EAP study services was projected to be approximately $196,500 at DUH for 2023. Of the 168 EAP requests submitted after the institutional policy requiring pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee approval was established, 162 (96.4%) were approved by the P&T committee. Given the lack of published information on a pharmacist-led workflow related to EAP services, this study sought to share DUH's process for managing EAP requests. As there is no mechanism for reimbursement of EAP services, they can be difficult to manage given the labor resources required. Further work is needed to recoup unreimbursed investigational drug service labor costs to ensure compassionate use programs can be implemented in a manner that is financially sustainable for a health system.

Automatic welding-robot programming based on product-process-resource models

This paper describes a novel end-to-end approach for automatic welding-robot programming based on a product-process-resource (PPR) model, for one-of-a-kind manufacturing systems. Traditionally, the information needed to program a welding robot is processed and transferred along the manufacturing organisation’s value chain by using several stand-alone digital systems which require extensive human input and high skill to operate. A PPR model is proposed through this research as a platform for storing and processing the necessary information along the value chain seamlessly. Unlike existing approaches which make use of complex algorithms to automatically identify the weldment seams, the approach suggested in this research makes use of information already digitalised by design engineers under the form of ISO 2553:2019 compliant weldment annotations. Hence, the PPR model contains the weldment annotations; it enables the automatic programming of welding robots and reduces human input down to a few minutes only. The applicability in manufacturing of the theoretical concept is demonstrated through technical implementations tested in the laboratory and on the value chain of an engineering-to-order (ETO) industrial partner involved in the metal fabrication industry. The experiments were conducted by creating several products using the proposed artefact. Experiments show that automatic programming of welding robots can be achieved using PPR models. The conducted experiments showed a reduction of about 80% in human input measured in terms of time, when using the proposed solution. The reduction of the human input can free up skilled labour resource which ETO SMEs can reallocate to other tasks.

Состояние финансовой составляющей экономической безопасности рыбохозяйственного комплекса Приморского края

Unstable economic conditions in which the fishery complex operates intensify the impact of external and internal threats. External threats are sanctions pressure from European states, mainly related to re-strictions on the supply of fish products and equipment imports. Internal threats include high costs for the implementation of production activities, the unsatisfactory condition of fixed capital and the low rate of its renewal, unstable fishing conditions, etc. Negative trends that have formed over the past decades continue to adversely affect activities. Since the fish industry is a very significant industry, the lack of control over the state of its economic security can threaten the full food security of the population, as well as the functioning of many industries whose business is related to fish raw materials. The most significant indicators of the economic security of the fishery complex of Primorsky Krai are analyzed: the ratio of growth rates of net profit, revenue and asset value, the economic growth sustainability coefficient, indicators of the efficiency of the use of production resources, financial stability and solvency. Using analytical procedures, a quantitative assessment of the influence of factors on indicators with negative dynamics is given. An unstable change and a low level of the economic growth sustainability coefficient were revealed. The reason for this was the profitability of sales of fish products, insufficiently intensive turnover of own working capital, unsatisfactory solvency of organizations. Current assets are not enough to pay off debts, there is a high dependence on earthly sources of financing. Meanwhile, there is an improvement in the efficiency of the use of fixed capital, labor resources, which has developed under the influence of growth in revenue and profit; the profitability of products is increasing, the profitability of assets is low.

Smart Agri Bot for Multi-Crop Harvesting

The integration of automation and robots into modern agriculture is crucial for improving output and efficiency. A recent development in this field is the creation of a color-sensing robot specifically designed for agricultural purposes. This robot utilizes advanced color detection technology to accurately identify objects and exert control over them based on their color characteristics. The primary goal of this research is to find solutions for labor-intensive agricultural tasks, particularly fruit and vegetable harvesting. By combining robotics and computer vision technology, this robot aims to streamline these processes. Automation plays a significant role in reducing human effort in routine and frequently performed tasks. In the case of agriculture, color-sensing robots have been employed to pluck fruits and vegetables. The robot's mobile application is controlled through a Bluetooth Module, sending instructions to the microcontroller, and then to the motor. The robot's architecture is also programmed with Arduino, an open-source programming language that is a simplified version of other languages. These robots have the potential to reduce damage, increase productivity, and prove cost- effective, while also freeing up labor resources. In addition to object recognition, the robot's navigational capabilities have been enhanced with the integration of an ultrasonic sensor. This sensor emits high-frequency sound waves and analyzes the echoes to accurately estimate distances to nearby objects. This information is crucial for the robot to identify obstacles in its path, ensuring safe and effective navigation

Развитие медиахолдинга в контексте формирования дуального рынка медиауслуг

The study of the national media market is particularly relevant because it is heavily influenced by political, information and production risks. Accumulating significant material, labor and information resources, the media market requires an analysis of the current state, trends and development prospects. The scientific works present the media business theory and its key concepts as well as, a new scientific direction media economics that studies economic laws in relation to the media business. However, there is still no single methodology for assessing the state of the media market, including regional. The markets of individual segments are mainly analyzed, for example, the television industry, online advertising, etc. In 2023 the national media market experienced an upsurge after the crisis of 2022, primarily due to the advertising market; it was influenced by such factors as the development of e-commerce, the emergence of new brands and promotion channels, digitalization, convergence and diversification. In addition to macroeconomic factors, the development of the regional media market is also influenced by regional factors due to the socio-economic development of the region. The analysis of the main socio-economic development trends of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass uncovered the factors influencing the media market: demographic factor, agglomeration effect (North and South Kuzbass agglomerations), industrial production and its location income of the population. The analysis of the regional media market made it possible to assess organizations working in the field of information and communications, to draw conclusions about the predominant development of the advertising market, including outdoor advertising, and to determine the distribution of radio and the place of the Kuzbass Media Group in the market.

Unfinished nursing care in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

BackgroundUnfinished nursing care is becoming increasingly more of a concern in worldwide healthcare settings. Given their negative outcomes, it is crucial to continuously assess those nursing interventions that are commonly postponed or missed, as well as the underlying reasons and consequences. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for health facilities to maintain their sustainability and continuity of care, which has also influenced the unfinished nursing care phenomenon. However, no summary of the studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic was produced up to now. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the occurrence of, reasons for, and consequences of unfinished nursing care among patients in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSystematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023422871). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guideline and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies were used. MEDLINE-PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus were searched from March 2020 up to May 2023, using keywords established in the field as missed care, unfinished nursing care, or implicit rationing.ResultsTwenty-five studies conducted mainly in European and Asiatic countries were included and assessed as possessing good methodological quality. The following tools were used: the MISSCARE Survey (= 14); the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care (= 1), also in its revised form (= 2) and regarding nursing homes (= 2); the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (= 4); the Intensive Care Unit-Omitted Nursing Care (= 1); and the Unfinished Nursing Care Survey (= 1). The order of unfinished nursing care interventions that emerged across studies for some countries is substantially in line with pre-pandemic data (e.g., oral care, ambulation). However, some interesting variations emerged at the country and inter-country levels. Conversely, labour resources and reasons close to the emotional state and well-being of nurses were mentioned homogeneously as most affecting unfinished nursing care during the pandemic. None of the studies investigated the consequences of unfinished nursing care.ConclusionsTwo continents led the research in this field during the pandemic: Europe, where this research was already well established, and Asia, where this research is substantially new. While unfinished care occurrence seems to be based on pre-established patterns across Europe (e.g., regarding fundamentals needs), new patterns emerged across Asiatic countries. Among the reasons, homogeneity in the findings emerged all in line with those documented in the pre-pandemic era.

Transforming agroforestry through gender practice: Challenges and opportunities

Around the world, the agricultural sector relies heavily on women, especially in developing countries, but women’s restricted access to essential resources, hinders their agricultural productivity, resulting in increased poverty. A promising solution to this is agroforestry, a climate-smart agricultural practice which increases land productivity, providing socioeconomic and ecological benefits. Women’s access to agroforestry, however, is constrained by gender disparities which favour men in terms of access to land, education, extension services, decision-making power, labour and financial resources. It is crucial that these obstacles be dismantled to enable women to participate fully in agroforestry, because they possess valuable knowledge and are often more willing than men to adopt climate change adaptation programmes. Recommendations for mainstreaming gender in agroforestry include collecting gender-disaggregated data, ensuring equal access to resources, promoting gender-inclusive training and education, implementing gender-responsive policies, fostering women's leadership and participation, raising awareness and challenging social norms. Put to action, these recommendations will challenge traditional gender roles and empower women as agents of change, creating an inclusive environment for sustainable agricultural development.