Key Figures Research Articles

Quenching of Disk-Shaped Components in Aqueous Polymer Solutions

Abstract In addition to various advantages over oil quenching, quenching in aqueous polymer solutions can also have disadvantages. Under certain conditions, “explosive” phenomena can occur when quenching steel components in such solutions, leading to pressure waves and vibrations in the quenching tank, which can even destroy the weld seams of the tank in the long term. After these processes were analyzed in the past when quenching cylindrical shafts, the processes occurring with horizontally charged disks have now been investigated. The main difference between these two geometries lies in the size of the lower disk end face, which significantly impedes the outflow of evaporated portions of the aqueous polymer solutions and thus has a pronounced influence on the cooling behavior of disk-shaped components. The investigations to be presented here were carried out in a laboratory quenching tank. The type and concentration of the polymer, the flow type and the diameter of the inner bore of the disks were varied. Temperature and conductivity were measured and audio and video recordings were made to characterize the resulting cooling processes. Selected quenching variants are presented in detail in the article. Furthermore, key figures for characterizing the various cooling variants are compared and discussed.

Historical Development of Alternative Education: Western Perspective

Abstract: This paper delves into the intricate tapestry of alternative education within the context of the Western world, tracing its historical trajectory from its inception to contemporary manifestations. Alternative education, often emerging as a response to mainstream educational paradigms, embodies diverse philosophies and practices aimed at fostering holistic development, critical thinking, and individualized learning experiences. Drawing upon historical records, philosophical treatises, and educational movements, this paper explores the evolution of alternative educational approaches, highlighting key figures, ideologies, and movements that have shaped its development over time. From the Renaissance humanism to the progressive education movement of the 20th century, this study elucidates the underlying motivations and societal contexts that have propelled the proliferation of alternative educational models. Moreover, it examines the enduring relevance and challenges faced by alternative education in the contemporary landscape, amidst changing societal dynamics and educational policies. This paper talks about the role of Montessori education, Waldorf education, STEM etc in western education. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper illuminates the rich tapestry of alternative education in the Western world, offering insights into its historical significance and potential avenues for future exploration and innovation.

Closure of the Tsaritsyn Gun Factory in the summer of 1918

In this article, using comparative historical and historical-genetic methods, a study of the history of the Tsaritsyn gun factory was undertaken at the turning point of its existence - the summer of 1918. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were put forward: to consider the circumstances of the decision to close the plant, to monitor its implementation, and also find out whether the plant was used in the future and whether it contributed to the defense of Tsaritsyn in the summer-autumn of 1918. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that since key government figures of the first decades of Soviet power took part in the closure of the plant, and the plant as a whole was an important strategic object , to the extent that studying this issue is important for understanding the political processes of the Civil War. The main material was the plant documentation stored in the Volgograd regional archive; a number of materials from collections of documents were used, as well as personal sources, for example, the memoirs of A.G. Shlyapnikov. During the study, including on the basis of new archival materials, clarifying circumstances of the closure of the Tsaritsyn plant were established: the decision-making process was traced both in Moscow and in Tsaritsyn, the exact date of A.G. Shlyapnikov’s departure was established, due to which he was unable to take part in the process of closing the plant, a conflict was revealed during the closing of the plant between I.V. Stalin and P.V. Filippov, in which S.K. Minin became an intermediary. Finally, accurate data has been found that allows us to talk about the contribution of enterprises established on the basis of the Tsaritsyn plant to the defense of the city in 1918.

Pearson Correlation and Chi-Squared Methods Applied to the Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis of Hydrogen Generation During a Boiling Water Reactor STSBO Using MAAP5 and AZTUSIA

Abstract After the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, hydrogen generation has resurfaced as a key issue, with respect to its quantification in the simulation of severe accidents (SAs), because of the potential risk of deflagration or detonation, which would compromise the integrity of the plant facilities. Severe accident simulation codes may have different models to predict cladding oxidation rates and the consequent hydrogen generation. Thus, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis can be applied to determine which input variables of the code have a significant impact in the implemented models, and consequently on the overall predicted values of key figures of merit. In this work, the generation of hydrogen in the reactor core during a short-term station blackout (STSBO) is studied as a figure of merit for a boiling water reactor (BWR). The scope of the analysis is until the failure of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). This study shows a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis through the complementary calculations of two methods: Chi-squared parameter and Pearson simple correlation coefficient (PSCC). The severe accident simulation code was MAAP 5.0.3 (Modular Accident Analysis Program, EPRI, USA) and the AZTUSIA code (AZtlan Tool for Uncertainty and SensItivity Analysis, Mexico) was used as the statistical tool for the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Ten uncertain parameters were chosen, of which two are MAAP models options, and the values were generated via the simple random Monte Carlo technique. The results show that the Chi-squared parameter in conjunction with correlation coefficients provides a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of both quantitative and qualitative input variables on the figures of merit.

Discourse of Foreign Digital Media: Analysis of the 2023 Turkish Presidential Election Coverage

This study examines the complex dynamics of communication in the changing field of journalism influenced by the use of media. It specifically focuses on how thoughts and perceptions are expressed in this evolving landscape. Information and communication technologies significantly influence journalism by rapidly disseminating news, updates, and societal impacts. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, the study aims to reveal systematic language usages and uncover latent meanings beyond news texts. Focused on the 2023 Turkish Presidential Election, news texts from four prominent international newslets Al Jazeera, BBC, CNN, and Euronews are analyzed. The comprehensive analysis of international media coverage investigates the interplay of linguistic and thematic choices in shaping narratives. With a dual focus on macro and micro levels of discourse, the study uncovers diverse approaches among foreign media outlets. Each outlet adopts a distinctive thematic approach at the macro level, emphasizing key figures and sociopolitical contexts. Al Jazeera spotlights competition, BBC underscores post-election polarization, CNN focuses on Erdogan's victory, and Euronews provides insights into national challenges. Visual elements, like photographs, contribute significantly to framing events, offering nuanced political messaging. Micro-level analysis explores linguistic choices, syntax, and rhetoric, emphasizing the active voice to underscore leaders' agency. Deliberate use of the passive voice in presenting election results maintains a neutral tone. The way sentences are structured and the cause-and-effect connections help readers understand political developments by providing context. The study underscores the importance of media literacy in decoding political event representations, emphasizing the multifaceted complexities of media discourse.

Intellectual Development Diagnostics in Athletes with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities

In the article the diagnostic so intellectual development in athletes with intellectual and physical disabilities discussed. Any child from the age of 8 and any person with intellectual disabilities can train and participate in Special Olympics competitions. It has been determined that this must meet the criteria for delayed or impaired intellectual development based on the standard indicator - the IQ score, other indicators, medical examination report and doctor’s permission. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the methodology for diagnosing athletes with intellectual and physical disabilities that adhere to existing international rules for specific sports. To effectively implement the classification in the competitive process of paralympians, human factor influence on classification results should be minimized. One of the key figures in the classification process is the classifier. This classifier allows assessing the level of preserve debilities of athletes and determines the outcome of athletes’ classification. This imposes strict requirements both on the moral qualities of the classifier and on his her level of professionals kill. The diagnostics of intellectual development is carried out according to the criteria established by the World Health Organization, the International Classification of Diseases, using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale methodology (WAIS, WISC). The level of social adaptation and adaptive behavior disorders are determined by a special set of socially significant indicators. They are defined in specially designed questionnaire forms A, B, C. The internationally recognized Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) is also used. The total quantitative data from forms A, B, C to determine the overall level of adaptive behavior is or dersisused and calculated as the arithmetic mean.

The American contribution to attachment theory: John Bowlby’s WHO trip to the USA in 1950 and the development of his ideas on separation and attachment

ABSTRACT This paper explores John Bowlby’s foundational contributions to attachment theory, particularly his fascination with ‘separation’ and its impact on child development. Tracing the origins of Bowlby’s interest to his personal experiences and his exposure to ideas of mental hygiene and child guidance in the 1930s, it underscores the alignment of his ideas with key figures in the English school of psychoanalysis. The central narrative of this paper unfolds during Bowlby’s 1950 WHO research trip, investigating orphaned and separated children in Europe and the USA. Utilizing archival materials from the Wellcome Library in London, the authors offer unique insights into Bowlby’s journey, highlighting his evolving views on mother-child separation through interactions with his American colleagues. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on Bowlby’s pioneering work, emphasizing the American influence on his ideas, and the evolving theoretical framework that continues to shape our understanding of child development and attachment today.

Sin and Socialism: The Development of Realism in Christian Socialist Thought

ABSTRACT In this article I investigate how Christian socialist thought has approached the problem of human nature and realism. I focus on four key figures in the tradition: F. D. Maurice, Walter Rauschenbusch, Reinhold Niebuhr, and William Temple. My account makes two claims: first, that realist grounds for the Christian socialist vision developed as the tradition matured; and second, that it is possible to reconcile a realism grounded in original sin with socialism. The core of the realist argument for socialism is simply an extension of a primary justification for political democracy: because of sinful human nature, power needs countervailing forces. Decentralized economic democracy achieves this by distributing power widely. Markets do the same by decentralizing decision-making and enabling selfishness to be “harnessed” and yet “contained” by social ownership. Christian socialism can thus be understood as not only compatible with realism but as the logical outworking of realism.

Mapping the landscape: A bibliometric analysis of determinants influencing financial literacy among women

This study delves into the bibliometric characteristics of the literature on women's financial literacy, meticulously curated from the Scopus database. By focusing on this emerging field, the research utilizes advanced bibliometric analyses like citation network analysis and author co-citation analysis to unveil key themes and detect pairs of studies that are frequently cited together, showcasing the interconnectedness of research within the realm of Women’s financial literacy. Employing tools such as VOS Viewer and R Software for a comprehensive analysis, the study highlights a marked increase in publications related to women's financial literacy in 2021, indicating a peak in research activity and an escalating recognition of its importance both academically and socially. A notable finding is the prominence of the Journal of Corporate Finance, which has emerged as a leading publication in this area due to its high citation rate, underscoring its significant role in shaping discourse and policies on financial literacy. Additionally, the author Lusardi A. is identified as a key figure whose contributions have significantly influenced the field, as evidenced by the high citation count. The research also points out the substantial contributions from the United States and India, signaling their pivotal roles in advancing the literature on women's financial literacy and highlighting the global interest and diverse contexts under which this topic is studied. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive insight into the bibliometric landscape of research on women's financial literacy, detailing the contributions of influential journals, authors, and the geographical distribution of research output. Through a methodical approach and the application of advanced bibliometric tools, it significantly enriches the understanding of the scholarly network and thematic evolution within this crucial area of study.

Recent Experimental Breakthroughs on 2D Transistors: Approaching the Theoretical Limit

AbstractSince Si‐based Moore's law is physically limited, 2D semiconductors are proposed as successors to continue shrinking the transistor size for more Moore electronics. However, limited by experimental technology bottlenecks, the theoretical predicted superiorities of the 2D transistors over the state‐of‐the‐art Si transistors have been lacking concrete evidence for a decade. In this review, recent exciting experimental breakthroughs for 2D transistors are presented, including gate length miniaturization to a sub‐1 nm limit, electrode contact optimization to the resistance quantum limit, high‐quality dielectric fabrication with an equivalent oxide thickness to sub‐0.5 nm, novel architecture form (2D fin field‐effect transistor), and back‐end‐of‐line integration of directly grown 2D materials on Si complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor circuits. Remarkably, an ultrashort channel, Ohmic contact, ballistic transport, and ultrathin dielectric layer are simultaneously satisfied in the 2D InSe transistor, and device performances approaching the theoretical limit are observed. The measured key figures of merit of the ideal 2D InSe transistor are comparable to or even surpass those of the Si transistors. Finally, the challenges and outlook on more Moore electronics based on 2D transistors are highlighted.

Star-Crossed Fates and Feuding Houses: An In-Depth Exploration of Themes in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet

This research paper explores the enduring themes of "Romeo and Juliet." Set in Renaissance England, the play uses Verona as a backdrop for the star-crossed love between Romeo and Juliet, victims of a long-standing feud between their families, the Montagues and Capulets. The paper examines existing academic viewpoints on the play, including themes like gender, love, conflict, and fate. It aims to contribute to ongoing discussions by analyzing how feuding families and star-crossed destinies shape the characters' lives. One key focus is the idea of fate. The research explores how characters grapple with predetermined destinies and the limitations placed on their actions. The play's tragic ending serves as a stark reminder of fate's power. Additionally, the paper analyzes the causes and effects of the family feud, highlighting how it influences choices and leads to disastrous consequences. A character analysis delves into the motivations, struggles, and development of key figures like Romeo, Juliet, Tybalt, Mercutio, and parental figures. It explores how the feud impacts their interactions and decisions, showcasing the complexities of human nature and societal pressures. The paper also tackles the conflict between fate and free will. By analyzing situations where characters exert agency against their supposed destinies, it challenges readers to reconsider their views on determinism. Furthermore, the research examines the role of violence and conflict in the play, focusing on how family and social tensions escalate throughout the story, culminating in tragic events. Key scenes are analyzed to illustrate the destructive nature of violence and the cyclical pattern of revenge. Finally, the paper concludes by emphasizing the lasting impact of "Romeo and Juliet" on popular culture and literature. It highlights the enduring power of literature to spark meaningful reflection on the human condition and encourages readers to engage with the play's themes and characters in new and thought-provoking ways.

‘We have gone through quite sufficient in this distracted country’: the Royal Dublin Society and the new Irish state 1922–32

ABSTRACT Following the Irish War of Independence, 1919–21, and the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1922 the Irish Free State left the United Kingdom. Its leaders had been revolutionaries, whose explicit objective had been to overturn British authority in Ireland. Whilst the British ceded control of most of the island to the new state, an Anglo-Irish, Protestant, elite remained. The Royal Dublin Society (RDS) was the most prominent institution of it. As such, it might be expected that relations between the RDS and the new Irish state would be adverse. However, they were excellent. Drawing largely on the recently catalogued RDS archive, this article explains a seeming incongruity. It does so with general reference to the theme of agricultural development and specific reference to the agendas of the RDS and the new state; the role of key figures; the British foot-and-mouth disease crisis of the 1920s; and the response to partition. It also tests the academic discourse on what the Irish Revolution represented in socio-political terms, and the position of the former Protestant plutocracy in post-independence Ireland.

Inclusive Leadership and Its Role in Organizational Innovation: Empirical Insights from IDEO’s Approach with Cineplanet

This study investigates the fusion of inclusive leadership and human-centered design thinking at IDEO, and their influence on fostering organizational innovation, specifically examining their application within Cineplanet, a key figure in the Peruvian and Chilean film industry. Since its inception in 1991 by David Kelley, Bill Moggridge, and Mike Nuttall, IDEO has championed transformative problem-solving in fluctuating market conditions. This report analyzes the amalgamation of IDEO’s teamwork and leadership models, examining the potential transference of their philosophy to augment Cineplanet’s service offerings and competitive stance. By dissecting the alignment of IDEO’s design thinking process with Tuckman’s Model of Group Development and exploring the synergy between distributed and inclusive leadership practices, this research provides a strategic framework for Cineplanet’s enhancement. The findings propose actionable recommendations for Cineplanet to adapt IDEO’s innovative culture to elevate customer experiences, thereby achieving sustainable market success.

A Re-Evaluation of the Iconography of the Etruscan Bronze Lamp of Cortona

Abstract This paper addresses unresolved issues in the study of the enigmatic iconography of the Etruscan bronze lamp of Cortona. Drawing upon literary sources and additional iconographic evidence, issues with previous interpretations of the lamp will be discussed. Subsequently, new identities are proposed for the key figures on the lamp, concluding that its iconography is a manifestation of Dionysian thiasus and that the lamp was a cult object associated with the mystery cult of Dionysus. This paper will also contribute to the refutation of the concept of “Dionysism without Dionysus” in Archaic Etruria.

Tracing the Academic Lineage of Richard J. Goldstein

Abstract Richard J. Goldstein was a distinguished figure in both scientific and engineering research, who served in several important professional societies and was honored with fellowships and appointments to numerous domestic and international academies. His global impact is further felt through the distinguished students he mentored during his highly productive academic career and who have subsequently achieved success in academia, research, and industry. However, to many, Goldstein's most profound and personal impact was as an esteemed educator, thesis advisor, and mentor. The heartfelt gratitude expressed by these students and colleagues attests to his profound influence in their lives. This brief article endeavors to delve into Goldstein's academic genealogy, a history of groundbreaking contributors spanning over six centuries, which also bears witness to the evolution of the present-day fields of thermodynamics and heat and mass transfer. Richard J. Goldstein's academic lineage traces back through two primary branches: (i) an astronomy/physics branch and (ii) a mathematics/physics branch. The astronomy/physics branch commences its journey from the venerable Nicolaus Copernicus, whose revolutionary contributions laid the foundation for seminal research in the field of astronomy. The mathematics/physics branch is anchored by eminent figures such as the Bernoulli brothers, Leonhard Euler, Jean d'Alembert, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Presented in this article predominantly in the form of a directed graph, this succinct academic lineage illustrates the historical roots of Goldstein's intellectual heritage, a journey incorporating key figures greatly revered by the contemporary thermodynamics and heat transfer research community.

Exploring the role of political elites in post-truth communication on social media

This study investigates post-truth messaging and participatory disinformation on Twitter, focusing on the activities of Craig Kelly, a former Australian member of parliament and a key figure previously accused of spreading health misinformation in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on Harsin's conceptualisation of post truth communication to analyse 4317 tweets and 5.2 million interactions with Kelly's account and his network of followers over a six-month period. Our novel empirical approach, combining coordination network analysis with a forensic qualitative approach, explores the participatory nature of online interaction, where fringe actors mobilise around Kelly's tweets. The findings demonstrate how political figures have a privileged and outsized role in public discourse, undermining scientific institutions and promoting anti-deliberative politics. This research underscores the role of participatory disinformation in the post-truth era and suggests that regulators, governments, and social media platforms work collaboratively to develop a whole-of-society framework to tackle misinformation.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR ON THE WATER BALANCE OF KALIGARANG WATERSHED, CENTRAL JAVA

The increasing population and land needs have led to changes in people's behavior towards the watershed, resulting in indications of disruption of the water balance. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how community behavior affects the water balance of the Kaligarang watershed. This research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The method of withdrawing respondents was purposive sampling. Data collection was done through observation, documentation, questionnaire distribution to respondents and interviews with key persons. Calculation of water balance using the Thorntwaite-Mather method. The results of the water balance calculation show that in periods 1 and 2 there was a surplus from December to April and a deficit from May to November. Deficits tend to increase while surpluses tend to decrease. From period 1 to period 2 the deficit increased by 142 mm and the surplus decreased by 316 mm. The tabulation results show that there are community behaviors that have a negative influence on water balance. This is reinforced by the results of interviews with key figures (key person) stating that environmental behavior has a negative influence on water balance.

Angus MacPhail's Frozen Credits: Film Authorship and Collaboration in British Middlebrow and Celebrity Culture

This article, taking its cue from Charles Drazin's pioneering work, is the first extended analysis of the career of British screenwriter Angus MacPhail, described as one of the key figures who helped to lay the groundwork for the golden age of British cinema. MacPhail worked as scenario editor for producer Michael Balcon at the leading British studios Gainsborough, Gaumont-British and Ealing from the late 1920s to the late 1940s. The article considers MacPhail's work in relation to debates about authorship, collaboration and celebrity culture during this period. It explores his intellectual and cultural formation as a Cambridge undergraduate who studied for the newly established English Tripos during the early 1920s; and highlights MacPhail's ambivalent relationship to modernism, through his opposition to Virginia Woolf's reconfiguration of literary values during the 1920s, and his penchant for what Leonard Diepeveen has described as ‘mock modernism’. It goes on to analyse the circumscribed power and influence MacPhail exercised within the British studio system during the late 1920s to the late 1940s, before considering his career in relation to other key figures of this period such as Ivor Montagu and Elliot Stannard, and his relationship to British middlebrow culture. Finally, it explores how MacPhail's specialised, circumscribed focus on film writing set him apart from what Alexis Weedon describes as a new type of author-celebrity during this period, the emergent ‘transmedia storyteller’.

Портрет регионального министра здравоохранения – 2023.

The heads of regional executive authorities in the sphere of health protection are key figures in the implementation of the health care development strategy of the Russian Federation. The effective management of the healthcare system, as well as the achievement of national goals and target indicators of federal projects, requires highly qualified managerial staff. The annual study of the level of knowledge, skills, work experience and professional skills of regional ministers makes it possible to update information on the human resource potential of the top managers of regional health care systems, assess the changes and timely develop measures aimed at its improvement. The aim of the study was to assess the changes in human resource potential of the heads of regional executive authorities in the sphere of health protection of the Russian Federation in 2021–2023. Materials and methods. A single-stage, continuous sociological study was planned and conducted using a questionnaire developed by the experts of the Institute, which allows to assess changes in such characteristics as: age and gender composition of respondents, the level of higher and additional education, the professional competencies, and length of service in managerial positions. Results. We achieved a response from 86 respondents. It was found that during the last three years, there has been a significant decrease in the rate of rotation of the heads of regional health protection systems with a simultaneous increase in the level of their professional qualifications. The revealed trends are reflected in the growth of the average length of service as a regional minister (2021–2.1+1.9 years, 2022–2.3+2.5 years, 2023–2.9+2.2 years), 3,5 reduction in the number of respondents in the group with a length of service as a regional minister up to one year, an increase in the proportion of managers with professional qualification «Health Care Organization and Public Health». Conclusions. The study allowed to identify the key trends and changes that have occurred over the past three years in terms of the qualitative characteristics of the managerial human resource potential of regional health care systems in the Russian Federation. The heads of regional executive authorities in the sphere of health protection represent the most important resource of the field. Consistent and reliable decrease in the rotation of regional health care system managers is reflected in the growth of their professional skills, knowledge and experience, which allows to achieve the national goals in healthcare set by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation.

[The role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in HondurasPapel dos profissionais de enfermagem no desenvolvimento e na atenção à saúde de adolescentes em Honduras].

Identify and analyze the role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in Honduras, by analyzing the curricular content of the training provided to nursing students with respect to adolescent health, and by studying policies on adolescent health. Mixed methods study, with a sequential explanatory approach, carried out from May to July 2023 through surveys of nursing schools, analysis of policy documents, a survey with nursing professionals, and a focus group. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data, applying the theoretical framework of Walt and Gilson. During the research, 18 documents were analyzed and seven nursing schools, 141 nurses, and 10 key actors in leadership positions participated. The results point to the need to update and disseminate the regulatory framework, ensure the necessary resources and structure to implement sustainable intersectoral programs, and train professionals. Schools are an important space for the implementation of actions; in this context, the adoption of school nursing programs could be beneficial. Nurses were identified as key figures in program implementation and should be taken into consideration when developing policies aimed at adolescents. Nurses participate in various stages of the policy implementation process and can make important contributions to school health at the first level of care. To this end, it is necessary to increase the capacities of nurses and nursing educators in relation to current and relevant issues in adolescent care.