Japanese Colonial Period Research Articles

Epithermal Precious Metal Deposits in South Korea—History and Pursuit

Abstract The gold and silver endowment of Korea has historically been well known, with records alluding to production as far back as 1122 BC. The main gold production period was from 1925 to 1943 during the Japanese occupation of Korea, with more than 1 Moz recorded in 1939. Muguk was the most productive gold mining operation, located within the central region of South Korea, with a recorded 590 koz of gold produced from 1934 to 1998 (first mined in AD 912). The majority of the historical mining operations were closed by government order in 1943 during the Second World War and never reopened. A number of small mines operated between 1971 and 1998, with limited production during a period of gold prices generally lower than at present (~25–50% of current inflation adjusted prices, apart from a four-year period 1979–83). It is likely that significant resources remain within these historical mining areas. Gold-silver deposit types historically recognized and exploited in Korea include placers and orogenic and intrusion-related vein systems. Only more recently have epithermal vein and breccia systems been recognized. This is not surprising, given that the geologic and tectonic setting of the Southern Korean peninsula is prospective for epithermal precious metal deposits, spatially associated with basin-scale brittle fault systems in Cretaceous volcanic terranes. South Korea is an underexplored jurisdiction, with limited modern exploration and drilling until the mid-1990s, when Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. discovered the Gasado, Eunsan, and Moisan epithermal gold-silver deposits, all of which became mines. Exploration was limited for another 20 years until Southern Gold Ltd., an Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed company, commenced regional-scale exploration for epithermal deposits, using a strategy similar to that successfully employed by Ivanhoe.

일제강점기 조선의 목재수급과 산림자원의 변화 : 빈약한 산림자원, 과도한 용재생산

이 논문의 목적은 일제강점기 조선총독부의 목재수급 정책의 특성과 용재생산이 조선 산림의 지속성에 미친 영향을 밝히는 것이다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 일제강점기 행정통계를 바탕으로 목재수급(1910~1945)과 산림자원(1924~1943) 자료를 구축하였다. 1927~1943년 동안 조선의 임야면적은 1.2%, 임목축적은 23%가 감소하였다. 같은 기간 임목의 연간 생장량 대비 134%의 벌채가 이루어져 산림의 지속성은 훼손되었다. 예외적으로 입목지 면적은 1927~1935년간 증가하였으나 1935년 이후는 유지 또는 낮은 비율의 감소 추세로 전환하였다. 일제강점기 조선의 목재 자급률은 90% 수준이었으며, 목재무역 수지는 1933~1934년을 제외하면 적자였다. 수이입 목재가 수이출 목재보다 2.7배 많았는데, 1936년까지는 중국과, 1937년 이후는 일본과의 목재무역이 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 조선총독부는 조선의 빈약한 산림자원을 알고 있었지만 조선임정계획(1926)을 수립하고 국유림에서 벌채량을 늘려 산림세입을 확대하였다. 그 결과 일제강점기 내내 압록강, 두만강 유역의 우량한 천연림은 베어졌고 국가 수준에서 조선 산림의 지속성은 훼손되었다.

Personal history and landscaping activities of Hampei SHIMIZU as a landscape architectural technician during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan

This paper focusses, on the achievements of Hampei SHIMIZU (1890-1981). The results of document analysis and an interview of a descendant of SHIMIZU, led to this paper’s new findings: The reason which Hampei moved to Taiwan was that he lost his house and farmlands in Gumma to a flooding disaster. The reason which he started to grow landscape architectural trees and foliage was at the request by Governor General of Taiwan. He grew about 60 species of landscape architectural trees and foliage, imported and exported them to and from Japan. Then he started landscaping. The gardens made by him were in and around the east area of Taiwan. His company had not only Japanese staff members but also native Taiwanese staff members. The organization of his company reflected the structure under the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan. Hampei worked as a president of a post office and the chief of Yoshino village and other public occupations. The reason he could work in the public sector was because of not only his contribution to Yoshino village but also that he had moved to Taiwan as a private immigrant.

일제 강제동원 희생자 유해봉환을 통한 ‘남북일’연대의 새로운 가능성 모색 : 민족화해협력범국민협의회의 사례를 중심으로

일제 강제동원 희생자 유해봉환을 통한 ‘남북일’연대의 새로운 가능성 모색 : 민족화해협력범국민협의회의 사례를 중심으로

2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 『한국사』 교과서의 ‘일제 식민지 지배’기 여성 관련 서술 분석

This study explored the historiography related to women during the Japanese colonial period in the eight high school textbooks of “Korea History” by 2015 revised curriculum with an idea of describing women as an agent of history. Generally, the textbooks pay attention to women’s history. However, women are just memebers of the nation in the historiography; the experiences of women are described not with the factor of gender but mainly with the factor of nation. Therefore, it is not convinced that women are an agnet of history in the historiography. Nonethless, there is a case of writing feminist history in the part of March 1st Movement not only with the factor of nation but also with the factor of gender. In addition, ‘the Society of Girls’ and Gang Ju Lyong, a working woman, are good topics with the factor of nation, class and gender. Ultimately, fundamental changes of perception of history are needed to understand women as an agent of history reflecting the point of view and experiences of women in the total history. Therefore, it is not good to overestimate the partial progresses of the textbooks. However, these changes will be the starting point to develop the historiography of feminist history.

일제강점기 에비 미치타카(蝦道隆)의 역사교육관과 초등 역사수업

Existing studies history education in Japanese colonial period were mainly conducted on the basis of history education courses and textbook analysis. Of course, the impact of history education courses and textbooks is also significant for history education. However, it is difficult to discuss history education at that time except for teachers and students who teach and learn in actual classes. Therefore, deliberation and research on the practice of classes in history education are urgently and seriously needed. In this paper, we are going to look into practices of elementary history lesson through history teacher Evi Michitakas a teaching guide and teaching book. While Evi Michitaka worked as an instructor at Gyeongseong Normal School, he actively published 37 articles in the magazine of 『Education Research in Joseon』, including articles on history education, teaching guidelines, teaching materials, and teaching points. According to the result analyzing his writings, the purpose of his history education is to strengthen the ideology of the Japanese emperor, which was related to the fusion of Japan, Joseon and ideological education. In addition, methods of history education he proposed included ‘① empathy’, ‘② life guidance’, ‘③ use of visual teaching materials’, ‘④ child-centered learning methods’, ‘⑤ narrative methods’.

Collecting Buddhist Statues in Colonial Korea: A Reconsideration of the Prince Yi Royal Household Museum Collection

1909ë „ 11월 창경궁 안의 박물관이 공중에게 개방됐다. ‘帝室’ 혹은 ‘李王家’ 박물관이란 ëŒ€ì¡°ì ì¸ ëª ì¹­ì˜ 함의에서 알 수 있듯이, 이 박물관의 설립과 운영은 ì‹ë¯¼ì§€ì  상황과 떼놓을 수 없다. 이 ì ì€ 1990ë „ëŒ€ 이래 본격화된 이왕가박물관에 관한 연구가 설립의 주체와 ëª©ì ì„ 밝히는 데 경주한 것에서도 확인된다. 반면 근대기 ‘佛像’ 혹은 ‘佛敎彫刻’이라는 새로운 ë¯¸ìˆ ìž¥ë¥´, 나아가 ‘한국 불교조각사’라는 í•™ë¬¸ì  범주의 형성에 있어서 이왕가박물관의 ì—­í• ì— 대해서는 거의 다뤄진 바 없다. 불상은 이왕가박물관이 자랑하는 주요 소장품 중 하나였다. 이왕가박물관은 1909ë „ì— 개관한 이후 1915ë „ì— 朝鮮總督府博物館이 개관하기 ì´ì „ê¹Œì§€ 한국의 ìœ ì¼í•œ 박물관이자 â€˜ì œë„ì  수요자’로서 ë¯¸ìˆ ì‹œìž¥ì˜ 형성과 ê·¼ëŒ€ì  ë¯¸ìˆ ìž¥ë¥´ì˜ 이식, ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ ë¶ˆêµì¡°ê° 연구의 방향 ì„¤ì •ì— ì ì§€ 않은 영향을 끼쳤다. 이와 ê´€ë ¨í•˜ì—¬ 20세기 벽두를 강타했던 ‘高麗瓷器熱狂’과 ìœ ì‚¬í•œ 현상을 불상의 수집에서 찾아볼 수 없다는 ì ì´ 주목된다. 바꿔 말하자면, 1910ë „ëŒ€ì— 본격화된 이왕가박물관의 불상 수집은 일본인 통치 ê¶Œë ¥ì¸µì˜ ê³„ê¸‰ì  취미가 반영된 ê³ ë ¤ìžê¸°ë‚˜ 여러 동인이 ë³µí•©ì ìœ¼ë¡œ 작용했던 서화의 수집과는 성격을 달리한다.이 ë ¼ë¬¸ì€ 이왕가박물관의 불상 ì»¬ë ‰ì ˜ì˜ 형성과 의미를 明治維新 이후 일본에서 형성된 ê³ ëŒ€ 불상에 대한 인식과 ê´€ë ¨í•˜ì—¬ 살펴봤다. ìš°ì„ 19세기 말에서 20세기 초 구미와 일본의 연동 속에서 예배의 대상이었던 동아시아 불상이 수집과 관람의 대상으로서 ì „í™”ë˜ëŠ” ê³¼ì •ì„ ì¶”ì í–ˆë‹¤. 이를 통해 이왕가박물관 설립의 숨은 주체이자 근대 초기 한국 불상의 주요 수요자였던 일본인 문화 엘리트들이 불상을 ‘나라의 精華’로 이해하게 됐다는 것을 밝혔다. 다음으로 그동안의 연구에서 언급되지 않았던 ì‹ ë¬¸ê¸°ì‚¬ì™€ í•™ìˆ ì ì¸ 글이 아니라는 ì´ìœ ì—ì„œ 크게 주목받지 못했던 이왕가박물관의 관계자가 남긴 글을 ì ê·¹ì ìœ¼ë¡œ 활용하여 이왕가박물관의 불상 수집 ê³¼ì •ì„ 상세히 살펴봤다. 마지막으로 이왕가박물관과 ìœ ë ¥í•œ 일본인 ê³ ë¯¸ìˆ í’ˆ 수장가들이 모은 불상이 ì¡°ì„ ë¯¸ìˆ ì‚¬ì˜ 일부로 íŽ¸ìž ë˜ê³ ë¬¸í™”ìž¬ë¡œì„œ 가치를 공인받는 ê³¼ì •ì„ 당시의 ëŒ€í‘œì ì¸ 官撰 출판물이었던 ã€ŽéŸ“ç´ è‘‰ã€ê³¼ 『朝鮮古蹟圖譜』의 분석을 통해 살펴봤다. 이상의 ë ¼ì˜ë¥¼ 바탕으로 그동안 학계에서 주목받지 못했던 이왕가박물관의 불상 수집에 관한 이해를 ë„“ížˆê³ ê·¸ ë¯¸ìˆ ì‚¬ì  의의를 ìž¬ì •ë¦½í–ˆë‹¤. Keywords: 李王家博物館(Prince Yi Household Museum), 佛像(Buddhist statues), 彫刻(sculpture), 수집(collecting), 출처(provenance), ë¯¸ìˆ ì‹œìž¥(art market), ì¡°ì„ ê³ ì ë„ë³´(朝鮮古蹟圖譜, Chōsen koseki zufu), ì„¸í‚¤ë ¸ 다다시 (關野貞, Sekino Tadashi)

Community Formation through the Cultural Heritage of the Japanese Colonial Period: A Case Study of Kaohsiung Butokuden (Martial Arts Hall) in Taiwan

To disseminate the budo (Japanese martial arts) spirit, Japan constructed butokudens (martial arts halls) across its colonies. This study examined the Kaohsiung Butokuden (its original function as a kendo practice hall has been preserved) as an example to discuss how users take advantage of this cultural heritage. This study conducted document analysis and interviews with four government officers and six Kendo Association members. The results revealed that the Kaohsiung Butokuden has retained its original kendo practice function; it also serves as a place that transmits history and enables community construction by users for gathering Japan-related memories. Physical practice is a crucial method for strengthening social memory. The social memory of the butokuden is instilled through the participants’ practical involvement in the annual kendo practice, international competitions, guided tours, and Japanese cultural experiences. The Kaohsiung Butokuden not only constitutes a local heritage with preserved original features but also serves as an intersection of cultures.

"일제시기 아동극의 교육연극 가능성 고찰 -정인섭의 「어머니의 선물」을 중심으로- "

이 연구는 일제시기 아동극의 교육연극 가능성을 고찰함으로써, 일제시기 아동극의 의의를 새롭게 정립하는 계기를 마련할 뿐만 아니라 교육연극의 확장 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 교육연극과 일제시기 아동극을 주도한 아동잡지 『어린이』, 『신소년』, 『별나라』 아동극의 개념 및 특성을 비교하여 공통점을 규명하였다. 대표적 예시로서 『어린이』의 편집인 방정환의 교육관과 정인섭의 아동극론, 그리고 정인섭의 「어머니의 선물」의 ‘띠어터’와 ‘드라마’적 특성을 살펴보았다. 이를 토대로 『어린이』 아동극과 2015 개정교육과정의 국어과 연극이 공통적으로 ‘드라마’와 ‘띠어터’의 통합적 특성을 가지고 있으면서, 각각 연극을 통해 아동을 ‘조흔 사람’과 “바른 인성을 갖춘 창의융합형 인재”로 육성하고자 하는 목표를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

朝鮮殖産銀行による産業金融の展開と山一証券 : 不二興業・金剛山電鉄・朝鮮京南鉄道の資金調達を中心に

朝鮮殖産銀行による産業金融の展開と山一証券 : 不二興業・金剛山電鉄・朝鮮京南鉄道の資金調達を中心に

Jina E. Kim, Urban Modernities in Colonial Korea and Taiwan

Jina E. Kim, Urban Modernities in Colonial Korea and Taiwan

Social Movement of Japanese Residents in Colonial Korea in the early 1930s

Social Movement of Japanese Residents in Colonial Korea in the early 1930s

Theodore Jun Yoo. It's Madness: The Politics of Mental Health in Colonial Korea. 2016. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.

Theodore Jun Yoo. It's Madness: The Politics of Mental Health in Colonial Korea. 2016. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.

Houses of Moral Suasion: Between Rehabilitation and Punishment

Abstract This article traces the conceptual, legal, and institutional development of Korean “houses of moral suasion” by exploring the example of the first such institution, the Yŏnghŭng School, founded in 1923. The appearance of houses of moral suasion in this era showcases the institutionalization of children deemed problematic and thus undesirable. The idea of rescuing and disciplining children became interconnected and conflated as these children were conceived of as both victims and threats, a process of othering that defined them as simultaneously needy and problematic. In dealing with children, social work aimed to be both disciplinary and protective, and the discourse surrounding the institutionalization of vulnerable children demonstrated the methods through which Korean society criminalized, disciplined, and corrected marginalized children. The link between vagrant or orphaned children and delinquency can be read as a fundamental reordering of the relationship between modern disciplinary power and marginalized children. This in turn reinforced the regulatory approach to undesirable children more generally in colonial Korea.

일제시기 사회사업 외곽단체의 설립과 활동 -1920년대를 중심으로-

본 연구는 1920년대 출범한 조선총독부의 사회사업에서 외곽단체들이 어떠한 역할을 했는지 살펴보았으며 이를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 사회사업 도입기인 1920년대에는 총독부의 내무국에 사회과만이 설치되어 있었을 뿐, 도 이하에 사회사업을 수행할 행정기관이 부재하였다. 조선총독부는 이러한 상황에 대응하기 위하여 재조일본인을 중심으로 한 민간 사회사업 단체인 조선사회사업연구회를 조직하여 행정을 보조하도록 하였다. 하지만 이 단체는 전국의 사업사업 시설을 포괄하고 지휘하지 못하였다. 조선사회사업연구회는 지역적으로 경성과 경기도, 민족적으로 재조일본인, 직업적으로 관리를 주요한 기반으로 하였으며, 주로 사회사업 담론을 생산하고 전파하는 한정된 역할을 담당하였다. 또 일부 관료를 제외하고 조선인들을 사회사업에 끌어들이는 데도 성공적이지 못했다. 1920년대 후반 들어 농촌의 위기가 심각해지자 일부 지방행정기관들은 앞서 총독부가 ‘연구회’를 설치한 것과 같이 사회사업 외곽단체를 설치하여 행정보조기관으로 활용하였다. 이러한 방식은 조선총독부 역량의 한계점이자 동시에 최소한의 비용을 통한 체제유지를 위해 ‘의도적’으로 방기한 결과였다.

일제시기 을종 농업학교의 특성과 학생 구성 : 상주공립 농잠학교의 사례

일제시기 을종 농업학교의 특성과 학생 구성 : 상주공립 농잠학교의 사례

지역사회 산업안전보건 체험교육에 대한 근로자의 인식 : 체험교육의 가치와 영향 요인을 중심으로

Objectives: The purposes of this study was to describe workers’ perceived values and the affecting factors (pros and cons) of the experience education for occupational safety and health and to suggest the strategies and future directions to improve the experience educational quality. Methods: A total of 8 male workers taking the safety and health education of the 7 safety experience education centers involved in this study (5 centers managed by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA), 2 centers of large commercial companies). This study used Photovoice, a qualitative method, as the study method. We conducted the photovoice-based in-depth interview with the SHOWeD questions and strategy and used the taxonomical analysis. Results: The study participants’ perceived values of experience education were strengthening self-efficacy of the safety and health practices, providing practically useful information, and enjoying refreshing experiences different from daily jobs. Positive affecting factors of the experience education (pros) were providing the educational environments and opportunities of direct experiences, teaching practical safety and health contents for the participants, and the trainer’s instruction competencies. Negative affecting factors of the experience education (cons) were learner’s negative or standing postures during trainer’s lecturing, insufficient exercise conditions and facilities for education, and difficult and theory-oriented lecture far from the practical jobs in reality. Conclusions: Major values of exercise education were direct experiences, useful contents and interesting opportunities from the education participants’ perspectives. To improve the exercise education quality, overall educational environments such as convenience facilities as well as exercise facilities should be modified altogether. This study partially and conveniently used the photovoice method as the study limitation.

Colonial Mobility and the Biopolitics of the Colonial Non-Place

By approaching Namcheon Kim’s short story “On the Road” (1939) from the new mobilities paradigm, this paper explores the paradoxical relationship between the colonial government and the postcolonial politics in late colonial Korea. In this short story, the Korean territories in the late 1930s are represented as colonial “non-places,” in which is exercised imperialistic biopower through colonial mobility. The Korean people residing in the non-places are characterized as bare lives on-the-move who only seek to survive, yielding their political rights to the imperialistic biopower. Thereby, this short story demonstrates the reorganization of the colonial territory as a colonial non-place and the transformation of the Korean population into colonial subjects in order to stabilize the Japanese colonial regime. However, considering thatthe bare lives on-the-move are divested of any identity, relations, and history, the colonial nonplace might be construed to be disclosing the vulnerability of the Japanese colonial regime and, thus, the possibility of postcolonial politics.

Rockefeller Foundation and medical research in Korea and Taiwan under Japanese rule

Much historical information is yet to be uncovered, such as how knowledge was formed in certain parts of the world, including in Japan and Korea. Professor Toshihiko Matsuda, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Japan, is investigating, in a global context, the body of knowledge formed in Japan, and it's outer influence, including on Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria in the modern era and on public health study and education. This needs to be clarified as, in Japan, there is a tendency to believe that Korea's knowledge and high-level education system came about from its colonial era, but South Korean researchers don't believe this to be the case. One line of investigation for Matsuda concerns a famous bacteriologist in prewar Japan called Kiyoshi Shiga who spent his last decade as a researcher in colonial Korea. Through this research, Matsuda is seeking to understand the position occupied by colonial Korea in the course of global medical history. He is using historical records to establish an understanding of how the history of public health as an academic discipline was introduced into colonial Korea, including using the documents of the Rockefeller Archives Center to decipher Shiga's role in introducing public health into Korea. In the process, Matsuda is filling gaps regarding how knowledge was imparted, pooled and shared between Japan and South Korea and emphasising that the information shaped in colonial Korea is closely connected to Western knowledge.

Jesus Speaks Korean: Christianity and Literacy in Colonial Korea

In the mid 19 th century, pre-colonial Korea under the Joseon dynasty was increasingly isolated and lagging behind in its economic development. Joseon Korea was forced to sign unequal treaties with foreign powers as a result of which Christian missionaries entered the country and contributed to the establishment of private schools. We show that areas with a larger presence of Christians have higher literacy rates in 1930, during the Japanese colonial period. We also show that a higher number of Protestants is associated with higher female literacy, consistent with a stronger emphasis on female education in Protestant denominations.