Implementation Of State Programs Research Articles

Some Controversial Issues of Understanding Constitutional Values as the Basis for the Content and Implementation of the Russian Federation State Programs

This article is devoted to the consideration of a number of controversial issues related to the understanding of constitutional values as the basis for the content and implementation of state programs of the Russian Federation. The article substantiates the possibility and necessity of understanding constitutional values as the basis for the content and implementation of state programs; a model of the relationship between constitutional values and government programs in the context under study is outlined. The author highlights the problematic aspects of this relationship and formulates his own views on how to overcome them. In conclusion, a reasonable conclusion is made about the complexity and multidimensionality of the process of implementing constitutional values in the content of state programs of the Russian Federation and the resulting need for a deep scientifi c understanding of this process.

Assessing the Vulnerability of Nomadic Pastoralists’ Livelihoods to Climate Change in the Zhetysu Region of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is historically a livestock-producing country. For the first time in this study, we attempted to assess the vulnerability of nomadic pastoralists in Kazakhstan to climate change using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). To collect data, a survey of 100 household heads was conducted on fourteen main components and fifty-six sub-components. The study was conducted in the period from May to July 2022 in the Panfilov (PD) and Kerbulak (KD) districts of the Zhetysu region, where the Altyn-Emel State National Nature Park is located. The results of the study were combined using a composite index method and comparing different vulnerability indicators. Natural disasters, which manifest as the effects of drought, temperature fluctuations, and precipitation, contribute most to the vulnerability of nomads living in remote mountain areas with a complex infrastructure. According to the results of the study, nomads of both regions have high vulnerability in such components as natural resources, human–wildlife conflict, housing type, agriculture and food security, and social networks. High vulnerability in the “Finances and incomes” component was found only in the pastoralists of the PD. Identifying the levels of vulnerability of nomadic households to climate change, as well as understanding their adaptation strategies, will enable pastoralists to gain access to new ways of reducing the vulnerability of their livelihoods. Currently, the country practices a strategy to reduce the vulnerability of pastoral nomads’ livelihoods by insuring livestock against natural or natural hazards and other risks; involving the population in environmental-protection activities and helping them to obtain sustainable financial resources when they refuse to hunt endangered animals; non-agricultural diversification of high-altitude ecotourism in rural areas in their area of residence; and improving financial literacy by providing training and providing information on low-interest loans under state projects and livestock subsidy mechanisms, as well as training in organizing cooperatives within the framework of legal status, which will ensure them stable sales of products and income growth. The results of software research serve as a basis for taking measures within the framework of the development and implementation of state programs for climate change adaptation of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, where agriculture is one of the priority areas of management.

Improvement of tools for the activity of local public administration bodies in the context of European integration

In the paper, a study of the definition of the concept of tools of local public administration bodies, their types and directions of improvement in the context of European integration was carried out. In particular, the author notes in the paper that the tools of public administration bodies are those actions they take with the purpose of legal regulation of legal relations with their participation, with the aim of regulating them or influencing the participants of such legal relations, ensuring compliance with the rights and interests of the participants of legal relations and the state ( or other public entity) as a whole (forms of public administration), legal means (techniques) that are used (methods of public administration); the concept of "tools of activity of public administration bodies" covers the regulation of administrative legal relations of an external nature. The instruments of activity of local bodies of public administration can be normative legal acts (in the form of orders of heads of local state administrations (including military administrations), orders of heads of territorial communities, decisions of local councils and their executive committees), acts of a programmatic nature (including social programs - economic and cultural development of the community, district, region, target programs on other issues), orders and decisions of an individual nature (including regarding the implementation of administrative-procedural and administrative-delict powers. On the basis of the conducted scientific research, the author came to the conclusion that in order to improve the tools of local public administration bodies in the context of European integration, the practice of concluding administrative contracts by them should be expanded, including regarding the cooperation of public administration subjects and public authority subjects, who, on the one hand, do not belong to the executive branch of state power, and on the other hand, can participate in the implementation of state programs at their own request.

Modern approaches to the definition of "tax expenditures" and their impact on law enforcement practice

The article analyzes the main trends in tax expenditures and justifies the need to clarify their composition, taking into account socio-economic priorities and the implementation of state programs in modern Russia. The author has researched and analyzed the main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "tax expenditures" used in different countries, their common features and differences have been identified. The essential issues of the implementation of the concept of tax expenditures in the framework of the budget process are outlined, controversial and problematic aspects are identified.

Assessment of city readiness for implementation of the smart city concept

Mechanisms for assessing the readiness of urban areas for implementation of the smart city concept are investigated. The relevance of this topic is supported by the request for effective implementation of the concept in the current socio-economic situation. The state attracts much attention to the implementation of state programs and achievement of target indicators. The issue of urban development using modern digital technologies appears to be important, with the relevant ministries paying particular attention to its solution. The paper investigates the existing approaches to the assessment of urban digitalization processes, determines the relationship between the documents of strategic planning and plans for the implementation of state programs. Based on the systems approach, the main directions in assessing the effectiveness of measures on the implementation of the smart city concept in the Russian Federation are classified and formulated. Conclusions on the necessity of adjusting the existing assessment system are made. Options for optimizing and improving the methodology for selecting indicators to assess the effectiveness of city digitalization were developed. As a result, the proposed methodology for assessing the readiness of cities to implement the smart city concept will improve the indicators of the city digitalization project.

Анализ финансирования государственной и территориальной программ по оказанию бесплатной медицинской помощи

The article analyzes and compares the financing of expenditures of various types of medical care within the framework of the “Program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for 2022 and for the planning period of 2023 and 2024” and the “Territorial program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens in the Rostov region” for the same periods. Some types of costs for the implementation of state programs in the field of healthcare are considered, due to the implementation of the national project “Healthcare” in the Rostov region and shortcomings in the healthcare system of this region. The growth rates of expenditures of the federal and regional budgets of the Rostov region, as well as the health insurance fund for financing various types of medical care have been determined. The most significant problems in the region that hinder the implementation of state programs included in the national project “Healthcare” have been identified. The budget for healthcare in the region according to regional experts, is not getting bigger, which is an incentive to search for other financing models, in particular, the perspective of the experience of the Rostov region in the field of organization of medical management is noted. In recent years, the municipal authorities have made a decision and transferred all municipal medical institutions to the ownership of the regional government, explaining this by the need to centralize management. The transition of municipal medical institutions to the category of state ones will simplify the routing of patients, make medical care more qualitative and affordable, and also provide an opportunity for more efficient use of all types of resources directed to the field of health care in the region. The results obtained can serve as a basis for adjusting the health policy of the Rostov region.

Analysis and Assessment of Human Capital in the Regions of Slovakia

Introduction. The human capital of any country is a priority factor of national wealth and well-being, as it creates the necessary potential in knowledge, experience and skills of people. It also accelerates intellectual and technical progress in society and strengthens a country's international competitiveness. The international experience in human capital formation confirms the importance of intellectual potential, education quality, and the need to accumulate it. The major reason for concentrating the human capital is the growing role of the population`s social protection and providing favourable conditions for personal and overall country development.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive approach to the analysis and evaluation of human capital by identifying its main components in the Slovakian regions. The average multivariate method was used for the research, considering the dynamics of the economic development indicator.
 Results. Based on the proposed algorithm for human capital analysis, an assessment of the human capital development level in Slovakian regions was carried out using the average multivariate method, considering intellectual, educational, physical, science, and innovative capital. The calculations and comparative graphic analysis for the period 2018-2020 revealed a close connection between the dynamics of GDP and human capital development, which can be traced in each region of Slovakia. The change in GDP in the calculation period is proportional to the change in human capital assessment indicators. The synchronicity in the graph`s dynamics of the average multidimensional indicators of GDP and human capital in Slovakia for the period 2018-2020 is graphically substantiated. This confirms that the indicators selected for analysis and evaluation indicate a stable connection between investments in the individual components of human capital and the country's economic development.
 Conclusions. The analysis and assessment show that Slovakia has significant reserves for human capital development, which must be realized by implementing institutional changes both at the national and regional levels. This can be realized through the implementation of state programs to support youth, increase the level of funding, develop a business incentive system, and activate people’s creative potential. The methodology of the analysis and the proposed measures will help improve the level of human capital in the country. A set of measures to improve the efficiency of the use and development of a country's human capital was proposed.

Implementation of innovative EU approaches to regulatory policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas

The study of the experience of the European Union in solving the problems of the weak development of agriculture as a sensitive sector and the polarization of the socio-economic living conditions of residents in rural areas has an applied value for the implementation of this experience in Ukraine, which determines the relevance and novelty of this research. The object of the research is the tools of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas of the EU. The subject of this study is the experience of the European Union in supporting the development of agriculture, as a sensitive industry, and increased support for the development of certain depressed regions of the EU in order to reduce their socio-economic depolarization. The purpose of this work is to justify the need to strengthen state policy and its tools for the innovative development of agricultural production and rural areas on the example of the settlement of relevant issues in the European Union. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of practical application of the recommendations regarding the definition of instruments of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following were used: а systematic analysis of the evolution of solving the issue of the common agricultural policy of the European Union, which contributed to the formation of recommendations for the definition of innovative tools of state policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine; management approach - to strengthen the control function of state management in the implementation of state programs related to the support of agriculture as a sensitive industry and the development of rural areas. Conclusions. The development of sensitive industries in each country has not only economic, but also social and political significance, since it is about preserving jobs, consumer opportunities of the population, generating GDP and deducting taxes to the local and state budget, reducing the depolarization of economic growth between individual regions and strata population, and, therefore, socio-political peace in the state. The multifacetedness of this issue affects the decisions of the governments of countries and international integration groups, in particular the EU, whose experience is very useful for research and further implementation in Ukraine. The starting point for the effectiveness of the Program for the Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Industry in Ukraine is a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural production and leveling significant disparities in the socio-economic development of rural areas. These tasks are two sides of the same problem, due to the neglect of which it is possible not only to lose a large number of small and medium-sized Ukrainian villages, but also to face the fact of food insecurity, which threatens the national security of Ukraine. Special attention in the process of implementation of the Program for the Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Industry in Ukraine is needed by the control function, which must be carried out permanently and qualitatively.

Implementation of a Systematic Approach in the Activities of Infrastructure Organizations to Support Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises at the Regional Level

The development of the sphere of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship contributes to the economic growth of the state, the creation of the middle class as a guarantor of a democratic, economically prosperous, socially prosperous society. In this context, it is relevant to substantiate decisions aimed at improving the activities of development institutions and infrastructure organizations supporting small and medium-sized enterprises at the regional level. The purpose of the study is to apply the scientific foundations of the systematic approach to the development of management decisions aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the infrastructure to support small and medium-sized businesses: attention is drawn to the need for competent and reasonable strategy (goal-setting) of infrastructure organizations, including taking into account available resources, as well as the relevance of the reorientation of thinking of mechanistic structures from bureaucratic to entrepreneurial. The research methodology is based on the causal analysis, the structural analysis of the organization, and public opinion polling. Official statistics on the activities of infrastructure and medium-sized enterprises in the regions, reporting by State bodies on the implementation of State programs and national programs served as an information and empirical basis for the study. The object of monitoring is the sphere of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship, as well as the activities of the Business Support and Development Fund of the Irkutsk region Center «My Business» as an infrastructure organization supporting small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in the Irkutsk region. The conducted research has shown the importance of using the systematic approach in developing support measures to improve the current state of small and medium-sized businesses in the subject of the Russian Federation.

Socio-natural aspects of the causes and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 in the Volga region

This paper analyzes socio-natural aspects of the causes and consequences of the famine in the early 1920s in the Volga region. Ecological problems of anthropogenic nature, which appeared in this region in the second half of the 19th century, are considered as an essential cause of famine. It was those problems that largely caused periodic droughts and crop failures that led to famine. The author considers large-scale irrigation and land reclamation, construction of waterworks and reservoirs, as well as afforestation, which began in the Middle Volga region in the 1930s, to be important consequences of the famine. Thanks to the interaction of the authorities and society in the implementation of state programs to combat drought and crop failures, in the second half of the twentieth century, it was possible to eliminate the threat of food shortages and the emergence of severe social problems in this regard. The research is based on a number of published and unpublished documents, including archival materials, which contain evidence of contemporaries of the events and processes described. The content of the paper and the conclusions formulated by its author correspond to the current trends in the development of socio-economic and environmental history of Russia.

ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EAEU

The level of food security of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union lags behind the developed countries, despite the fact that the Eurasian Economic Union occupies a significant place among international economic organizations. The problem of food security of the Eurasian Economic Union is the focus of the member countries and each of them independently acts against economic and political risks and threats on the way to ensuring the country&s national food security. Each of them has formulated and applies its own food security assessment and control systems. However, due to the complex nature of the problem of ensuring food security in the conditions of the Eurasian Economic Union, it must be considered and solved through the implementation of state programs not only within the country, but also within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union as a whole. The article examines topical issues of ensuring food security in the conditions of the Union, assessment, and also identifies the main obstacles.

Актуальные проблемы реализации мер государственной поддержки стимулирования обновления рыбопромыслового флота

Object and purpose of research. The object is development of domestic shipbuilding to meet the needs of fishing industry in the context of incentive measures offered by the state. The purpose is to identify potential risks during implementation of state programs and the ways to resolve problems. Materials and methods. Materials are laws and regulations setting the investment program legal foundation for renewal of fishing fleet. The method is analysis of laws regulating the fishing fleet renovation. Also, the paper takes the benefit of expert assessments and opinions expressed by industry pundits. Main results. Main factors hindering successful implementation of state support measures for fishing fleet shipbuilding are identified the ways of their abatement are defined. E.g., the unfavorable factors include the lack of up-to-date design practice able to meet customer requirements, low level of industry localization, which, ultimately, affects interests of customers, shipyards and the Russian Federation budget. Conclusion. Management and economic measures being already implemented as well as suggested in future are discussed to reveal the problems in state support activities for construction of fishing vessels in an effort to protect participants of investment programs for stimulation of building the fishing vessels and crab boats.

Evaluation of the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the nuclear power industry" in order to ensure the economic security of the country

The subject of the study is to study the effectiveness and efficiency of measures for the development of the nuclear energy industrial complex, taken during the implementation of the relevant state program. Data from nuclear energy, investments and innovative projects are analyzed, taking into account compliance with the strategic goals of economic security. These measures are designed to ensure the stability of the Russian economic system and minimize potential risks. An important component of the study is also the analysis of the compliance of these measures with the general state strategic goals of ensuring economic security. The study is based on an analysis of data on the current state of the Russian nuclear energy sector, investment and innovation projects implemented within the framework of the program under consideration, as well as an assessment of their impact on the economic situation of the country. The research methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the nuclear energy industrial complex, as well as a study of investment and innovation projects implemented within the framework of the program. The assessment of the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the nuclear energy-industrial complex" allows us to say that the analysis of program implementation indicators shows positive dynamics and achievement of the set goals. High performance indicators, such as a high degree of readiness of power units, an increase in electricity generation, an increase in the number of results of intellectual activity and the creation of new jobs, indicate the successful implementation of the program. The results of the study will be useful for developing further strategies and adjusting program measures aimed at increasing the stability of the economic system and minimizing risks, taking into account national strategic goals.

Problems of Improving the Efficiency of State Programs and National Projects on the Example of the Health Sector

The article deals with the issues of the effectiveness of the implementation of state programs and national projects. The requirements for the development and implementation of programs and projects, the structure and changes in the amount of funding are considered. The analysis of the results was carried out and the problems of the implementation of programs and projects were identified. The features of the implementation of state programs and national projects in the field of healthcare are considered. Comparisons were made of the goals of state policy and adjustments in the work of authorities in the field of healthcare. Proposals have been developed to improve the efficiency of financing state programs and national projects.

Assessment and directions to boost innovative activity in agriculture

Subject. The article addresses the issues of Russia's technological sovereignty and food security. Objectives. The aim is to develop tools to increase innovation activity in Russian agriculture. Methods. In the course of the study, we employ methods of statistical observation, comparison, as well as the monographic method. Results. The paper determines that the innovative activity of agricultural organizations in Russia remains at a low level. It reveals factors hindering the development of innovation activity, analyzes modern methods of stimulating the innovative activity of agriculture in Russia and in foreign countries, assesses the implementation of State programs to promote innovations in agriculture. Conclusions. It is crucial to develop mechanisms for introducing innovations in agriculture. An important task is the integration of agricultural science and production.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A FOUNDATION OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE STATE AND HOUSEHOLDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF HEALTH CARE FINANCING TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE

Among other mechanisms for maintaining the financial stability of state/local finances and household finances, the potential of public-private partnerships is significant. In this regard, the constructive interaction of the state and business in order to solve common financial, economic, and social problems is especially important. The article defines the role of public-private partnership in supporting the health care sector for providing the population with high-quality medical services and at the same time preserving the financial stability of the state and households; moreover, measures for its development are justified in the research. An assessment of the expenditures of the consolidated state budget for financing the industry, the degree of implementation of state programs and the results of self-assessment of the financial status of households for health care services in the conditions of the transformation of the mechanism of financing the industry and the Russian-Ukrainian war, under which the modern financial system of Ukraine functions, was carried out. The problems of implementation of the planned indicators of the state budget for the financing of the industry have been identified, which need to be solved. The advantages of public-private partnership for the state, private partners, and society are summarized. It is shown that the intensification of the process of implementation of projects/programs based on the principles of public-private partnership in the field of health care will ultimately contribute, other things being equal, to maintaining greater stability of household budgets and the state budget, increasing the efficiency of budget funds spending, as well as expanding the number of medical services and improving their quality. Measures for the development and support of public-private partnership are proposed, which will contribute to balancing the interests of the state, the private sector, and society to eliminate/solve problems in the field of health care under difficult conditions of war and the decline of economy, which will eventually become the basis for supporting the financial stability of the state/local budgets and finances of households and the private sector itself.

Обработка замечаний экспертизы с использованием Среды Общих Данных (СОД)

The productivity of the construction industry has declined in recent decades compared to the manufacturing industry, which doubled its productivity over the same period.
 The advantages of automation in the manufacturing industry may be the reason for high labor productivity. Moreover, automation has recorded a steady reduction in labor costs and an increase in labor productivity, as well as reducing routine tasks and manual labor.
 These huge advantages have led to the emergence of research into the application of automation of construction processes. In parallel with this, there is a need to automate processes that are vital to ensure the rapid creation of high-quality housing infrastructure.
 As part of the implementation of state programs for the transition to the digital economy, including in the construction industry, the tasks of implementing information modeling technology at all stages of the building life cycle are becoming urgent. Given the large amounts of data and high requirements for the accuracy of information models, the processes of automating the processing of source data and the formation of a shared data environment come to the fore.
 The main purpose of the study is to analyze the existing business process of processing expert comments to form its map and modeling the process based on it using CDE.

Theoretical aspects of regulation of employment of the population

Employment of the population — the realization of human rights and freedoms to work. The emergence of the problem of employment in the labor market is one of the problems of the socio–economic situation of Russia, including the national economy. Confirmation of this can be seen in the provisions of economic theories and views of representatives of classical and Keynesian schools, in the implementation of state programs in the field of labor and employment in Russia. A number of areas can help solve problems, including the development of non–standard forms of employment.

Complex contracts in industrial construction–instrument for sustainable territorial development

The main volume of generation in the Russian electric power industry is provided by thermal power plants, causing the most extensive damage to the environment. The growing problems in ensuring environmental safety and the urgent need to reduce the harm to nature and public health must be addressed within the framework of the construction of new and reconstruction of existing facilities in the implementation of state programs to ensure sustainable development of territories. Organizational and managerial aspects of the application and improvement of mechanisms for the implementation of eco-innovations in the framework of industrial construction should be considered in the context of organizational and contractual modeling of the interaction of milestones of participants in investment and construction activities. The use of costly evaluation methods to confirm the results of the development and implementation of eco-innovations is a promising direction in using of complex contracts and their evaluation in the industrial construction of electric power facilities, taking into account their innovative nature.

Language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: formation and sustainable development

In the age of globalization, in a world where states are multi-ethnic, there is no country whose inhabitants speak only one language. In most countries, official or regional languages are used along with the state language, and some minor lan-guages are endowed with a special status. Therefore, for any state, language policy is of particular importance, as it affects many areas of public life. For multina-tional states, language policy is an important tool for consolidating society, main-taining interethnic harmony and linguistic diversity. In the Republic of Kazakh-stan, where representatives of many nationalities, language policy plays a special role in ensuring ethno-political stability and sustainability unity of the nation. This article describes the sustainable development of the language policy of sovereign Kazakhstan, it considers the main stages and directions of state language regula-tion, the current state, current problems and the results of the implementation of state programs for the development of languages are studied. In conclusion, con-clusions are formulated about the effectiveness of the ongoing state language pol-icy, the problems and prospects for its development.