Imperative Sentences Research Articles

THE EKOPUITIKA THEORY


 
 
 
 This study aims to: (1) describe the sense of ekopuitika theory; (2) describe the working mechanism of ekopuitika theory; and (3) describe the application of the ekopuitika theory in the oral literature.
 The theory used in this research is ekopuitika theory, ecology theory, and poetics theory.
 The data collecting technique or data collection process utilized in this research are as follows: (1) recording technique, either audio or audiovisual, (2) notes, (3) rooted interview, (4) literature study and documentation analysis.
 The finding of the research is (1) the meaning ekopuitika theory is literary theory/knowledge of poetry which is associated with the environment. (2) the working mechanism is started from analyzing the poetics theory which consists of: 1. Sound that includes: a) rima; (b) assonance; (c) alliteration; (d) anaphora; (e) efoni; (f) kakafoni; and (g) onomatopoeic. 2. Rime (metrum and rhythm) 3. Word includes: (a) vocabulary; (b) diction; (c) figurative language; (d) imagery; and (e) linguistic factors. 4. Phrase that includes: (a) nominal phrases; (b) verbal phrase; (c) the numeral phrase; (d) the adverb phrase; and (e) the prepositional phrase. 5. Sentence/array includes: (a) declarative sentences; (b) interrogative sentences; (c) the imperative sentence; and (d) the exclamatory sentence. 6. The discourse that includes: (a) cohesion and (b) coherence.
 The next how it works, is further analyzed once more with the ecology theory that includes: (a) the representation of nature: plant, animal, mountain, water, sea, land, air, sun, and sky; (b) the manifestation of the representation of behavior: traditional event (ritual), religion, knowledge, cosmology, language, myth, art, moral, and housing.
 
 
 
 
 After the ekopuitika theory applied in the oral literature there was a result that evidently for the representation of nature related to the plant and animal, while for the representation of the behavior associated with the traditional event (ritual) and language.

ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PENANDA NEGASI DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA PRANCIS DAN BAHASA INDONESIA

This study examines the peculiarities, similarities, and differences of negation patterns in French and Indonesian sentences. The data analyzed are declarative, interrogative, and negative imperative sentences taken from the Leipzig Corpora Collection. The analysis results found that there are similarities in the formation of negation markers in French “ne … jamais” and Indonesian negation markers “tidak pernah”. The equivalence also appears in the arrangement of negative imperative sentence markers, which are formulated with negative ne+adverbs pas+verb and jangan+verb. Regarding the differences, the negation marker in French is present in two mandatory components, while in Indonesian, it is marked with one marker. There is even more variety of negations in French. In Indonesian, there is a standard rule between the combination of negation markers and the type of predicate in a sentence, but French tends to be more accessible. The formation of past and passive negative sentences is also different. Finally, in negative imperative sentences in French, the verb that is negated must be conjugated according to the subject, but in Indonesian, this is not the case.

ACQUISITION OF INDONESIAN IN A CHILD AGED 1 YEAR AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IT

This study is aimed to find, study, analyze, and explain about the first language acquisition of a one year old child and the factors that affect it. The data source in this study is a one year old child. The data of this study is collected from the daily utterances of the one year old child. The child was observed in seven months. The observation took place in Banjar Adat Angantiga, Desa Petang, Badung, Bali. The method and technique of collecting data used in this study is the qualitative method with participated observation and unstructured interview. The note taking method is used in the observation and interview. The method and technique of analyzing data used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. The theory of early child language development by Otto (2015) is applied to analyze the acquisition of phonology, morphology, and syntactic in Bahasa Indonesia; factors that affect the language acquisition from KEMENRISTEKDIKTI RI (2018) is applied to analyze the internal and external factors that can affect the first language acquisition. The result of this study showed that in phonological aspect the one year old child can produce vocals /a/ /i/ /u/ /e/ /o/ /?/ /O/ perfectly. Most of the consonants are produced well whether it is in the beginning, in the middle, or in the final position. In the morphological aspect, it is found that the one year old child sometimes produce some meaningless words such as nyah nyah, mbew, yuh, etc. which are undefined and with no reference. In the syntactical aspect, the one year old child can produce one word and two words utterance, simple imperative sentences, negative utterance, and pronominal. The child language acquisition is affected by the internal and external factors. The internal factors are age, nature, genetic, and cognitive. The external factors that can affect the language acquisition are environment and technology.

THE USE OF THE IMPERATIVE FORM OF VERBS IN MODERN FRENCH ADVERTISING SLOGANS

Our era is characterized by a significant increase in the means and methods of communication that allow companies to declare themselves, promote their products, stimulate sales, and encourage consumers to buy. At the same time, the company's advertising discourse risks becoming incoherent, loaded with contradictory or ambiguous messages. Conscious use of language is necessary for the advertiser to master communication. This article is an attempt to consider the impact of the use of imperative phrases in advertising slogans on the decision-making process of the consumer. The article analyzes modern French advertising slogans containing the imperative form of the verb. The sample consists of seven advertising posters created between 2012 and 2020, the thematic group of which is tourism advertising. The analysis considers the iconic parts of advertising as reinforcing the strategy of persuasion of advertising slogans. The analysis allowed us to characterize the authors of advertising posters, the target audience, as well as the relationship between actants. The type of arguments used in the discourse for effective agitation of the target group was considered and determined. The main results of the analysis showed that the structure of the slogan depends on the advertising theme. The use of an imperative sentence in advertising slogans allows establishing a direct and living connection between the advertiser and his audiences, create the illusion of a dialogue, draw attention to the object of advertising, as well as convince a potential customer of the need to choose the advertised object or service.

Application of Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis Model to Quranic Verses Discussing Peaceful Dealing with Hypocrites

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary research approach which declares that discourse is mutually related to social activities and power relations. This approach decodes the structure and hidden ideology of a text by describing and analyzing its language, context and current social and temporal situation. Some of the verses in the Holy Qur’an that deal with hypocrisy discuss dealing with hypocrites peacefully and have a discursive structure. The present study examined these verses as an ideological discourse based on Fairclough’s CDA to elucidate thematic verses’ capacity in the process of meaning creation and open up new horizons for researchers to analyze the thematic verses. The results have revealed that, at the description level, discourse components such as the expressive value of words, active and imperative sentences, and modality in verses are closely tied to dealing with hypocrites peacefully. The situational context analysis at the interpretation level has revealed that the enunciation style of the verses’ textual layer is fully compatible with the social and temporal conditions at the time of their revelation. Analysis at the explanation level demonstrated the depth of the Divine revelation about hypocrisy, suggesting that these verses aim to promote the hegemony of monotheism, trust in God, patience, piety, and forgiveness in the Islamic society in addition to peaceful coexistence.
 Keywords: The Holy Qur’an, Peaceful coexistence, Discourse analysis, Fairclough’s approach, Ideology

MAKNA KALIMAT PERINTAH DALAM KITAB “ASBAB WURUD AL-HADIS” (KAJIAN SEMANTIK)

This article aims to describe the characteristics and meanings of the imperative sentences in the book"Asbab Wurud Al-hadis". Sources of written data in the form of words were used in this study. readingand note-taking techniques used in data collection and research methods used are qualitative researchmethods. The results of this article show that there are various forms of the Prophet's commandments,such as the commands of 6 fi'il-amr, 1 form of ismu fi’il-amr, and 6 lam-amr. And the meaning of thecommand sentence in "Asbab Wurud Al-hadith" includes direct orders, soft orders, and request orders.

An Analysis of Imperative Sentence on the Crown Movie and Its Subtitling

An Analysis of Imperative Sentence on the Crown Movie and Its Subtitling

Modelling for changing transitive active imperative sentences to passive imperative sentences with algebraic structure approach

The active imperative sentences often tend to sound harsh. The sentence has a commanding meaning and ends with an exclamation mark. In the Indonesian language, to be more polite, the sentence uses the word politeness and a different sentence structure. These more polite imperative sentences are called passive imperative sentences. Changing an active imperative sentence to a passive imperative sentence can be done mathematically through several stages. These stages are determining the set of word, and the set of word types, using binary operations to obtain the rules for changing the pronoun as an object to subject, determining the rules for substituting active verbs into passive verbs, determining algebraic structures for an active imperative sentence, specifying a set of politeness words, specifying rules for passive imperative sentence, transformation an active imperative sentence into a passive imperative sentence. The change method produces a mathematical model p to construct the more polite imperative sentence.

Types of Indonesian Sentences by Ten Years Old Receptive Child

Sentence is very meaningful collection of word, where the sentence can state an idea or idea in full. Sentence is a benchmark for child in their language skills. In writting it can be started with capital letter, and end with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark. There are several types of Indonesia sentence that will be disscusss namely declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence, and interjective sentences. A child is said to be receptIve based on several criteria and indicators. This research conducted in a qualitative research, the source of the data from trancribe utterances conversation from daily activity. Technique of the data collection is recoreing, transcribing the sentence, verifying and classifying. This study found that ten years old child were more dominant in interogative that is 26 data (34,6%) sentence and very minimal in declarative sentences that is 9 data (12,1%).

Pragmalinguistic Study of the Speech Act of Warning in Arabic Health Proverbs

Arabic health proverbs are often observed to pragmatically behave distinctively and are syntactically realized in various ways. They are often manipulated to give various types of functions and purposes, among which is a warning. The warning is observed to be found in these proverbs to caution people against unhealthy habits of having food or even unhealthy food. However, this speech act expresses various pragmatic behaviours and is realized in various types of syntactic structures. Thus, this paper is intended to investigate the pragmalinguistic employment of the speech act of warning in Arabic health proverbs, focusing on its functions and the various syntactic forms of expressing warning. Twelve Arabic health proverbs are chosen to be the data of this paper. A model based on Searle's (1969 and 1979) and Bach and Harnish’s (1979) treatments of speech acts is proposed to account for the pragmalinguistic behaviour of warning. The main research method used for the data analysis is qualitative-quantitative, supported by frequency and percentage of pragmalinguistic resources. The study reveals that the speech act of warning in Arabic health proverbs is articulated in the interest and cost of the hearer rather than the speaker of the proverb. A warning is indirectly expressed through the use of declarative and imperative sentences via the employment of the three types of sentences: simple, compound and complex.

الجملة الإنشائية في اللغتين العربية والإندونيسية في ضوء التحليلي التقابلي (جملة الأمر نموذحًا)

This study aims to determine Arabic and Indonesian grammar in the form of imperative sentences by describing the similarities and differences between them. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a comparative research methodology which consists of three research steps, namely describing imperative sentences in Arabic and Indonesian grammar, collecting sides of similarities and differences in imperative sentences in Arabic and Indonesian grammar, and predicting students' difficulties in learning Arabic because of the grammatical differences that exist between them. The results of the study show that the two languages ​​have similarities in: 1) commands and times, where the imperative sentences in both languages ​​are addressed to the interlocutor and for the present or future time; 2) there is no change in the form of imperative sentences in Arabic grammar, especially in ism fi'il amr and maṣdar na'ib ‘an fi'il amr, which also occurs in Indonesian grammar; 3) the order of command sentences in both languages ​​consists of fi'il (verb) and fa'il (subject). The grammatical differences between the two languages ​​lie in the breadth of Arabic in the variety of uslub, suitability in type (male or female), number, and personal (speaker, interlocutor and spoken to) where this is a difficulty for Indonesian students in learning Arabic.

Honorifik Bahasa Korea dan Bahasa Indonesia

The aim of this study is to describe the Korean and Indonesian honorifics and compare the honorifics of the two languages. This research is a qualitative research using a contrastive analysis method. Data in the Korean language is collected from the author's private messages with Korean, and data in Indonesian is collected from examples in the referenced literature and substituted with words from the same word class. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, Korean and Indonesian honorifics are both grammatically and lexically realized. However, the grammatical elements that make up Korean honorifics are not limited to one type of sentence, while in Indonesian it is only used in imperative sentences. Vocabularies that contain honorific meanings in Korean are found in adjectives, verbs, and personal pronouns, while in Indonesian mostly are found in personal pronouns and only a few in words from other word classes. From the point of view of Korean honorifics, Indonesian honorifics can be classified into hearer honorifics. In addition, the Indonesian language has subject honorifics, either directly or indirectly, which are lexically realized.

IMPERATIVES IN KEO LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Imperative sentence is a sentence that request the person we are speaking with to do or not to something. Imperative is also found in local language like Keo language. The purpose of this study was to find out the types and functions of imperative found in Keo language used by Uluwagha community in daily conversation using the theory of Hornby (1976) and to analyze about imperative sentence adopted the method issued by Dorney 2007. The study used descriptive qualitative. There were some steps that the writer used to analyze the data. First step was interviewing the informants who were native speakers of Keo language. The second was to translate imperative sentences into Keo language in English and the last was to make the conclusion. The results of the study show that there are two types and six functions of imperative found in Keo language. They are positive and negative imperatives. 

Requesting Strategies in The Doorman Movie Using the Trosbrog's Theory (1995)

In conducting this research, the researcher uses the descriptive qualitative method. This research is qualitative because the data are in the form of words and are analyzed based on the natural setting or context. this research to show the division of request strategy in speech act in the doorman movie. The doorman movie is an action genre movie which mostly from the data obtained is imperative. , the results reveal eight of Trosbrog's (1995) seven types of speech act techniques used by the characters in dialog in the movie entitled "The Doorman". Questioning the imperative strategy type of request speech act has the most data that is 16 data, and the willingness about 7 data and mild request and suggestory formulae, Statement of Obligation, Requesting as a statement of wish, permission and Statement of Speaker Wishes have the fewest data. Furthermore, the imperative strategy is very dominant in this case because the movie that Researcher uses is in the action genre, and what is unique is that the interlocutor after being given an imperative sentence or phrase and willingness and there are several or even indicating that there is no verbal answer but in a non-verbal way or we can say it as action as the answer.

Contrastive Study of English with Arabic in Imperative Sentence

The objectives of the research are to identify the differences and the similarities which can befound between imperative sentence in English and Arabic. The variable of this research is imperativesentence which is compared and contrasted to the English and Arabic language. In addition, incollecting the data, the writer uses library study and documentation technique. It is because the researchwas held in the library to find out the data from books, journals, and the other documents which arerelated to the research. Moreover, the writer also uses nothing technique and separating technique as thetechnique of analysis data. In describing the data, the writer also uses qualitative approach anddescriptive analysis to interpret the data systematically and to find out the characteristic of imperativesentence in English and Arabic. Afterwards, to analyze the data the writer uses content analysis toanalyze how far the data can describe and interpret the complete informations about the variable of theresearch in order to find out the similarities and the differences of imperative sentence in English andArabic completely through contrastive analysis. Based on the result, imperative sentence in English andArabic have the differences in several points such as the difference of the subject, the forms of the verb,the pattern, etc. However, there are also the similarities of imperative sentence in English and Arabic ingeneral such as the similarity of the use ‘you’ as the subject, positive and negative imperative sentenceas the form, etc.

IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM DEBAT PASANGAN CALON BUPATI DAN WAKIL BUPATI SAMBAS TAHUN 2020

AbstractThis study aims to describe the forms and types of conversational implicatures in the 2020 Sambas Regent and Deputy Regent Candidate Debate. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative research form. The data from this study are declarative sentences, imperative sentences, introgative sentences, general and specific conversational implicature in the 2020 Sambas Regent and Deputy Regent Candidate Pair Debate. The source of data was taking from the 2020 Sambas Regent and Deputy Regent candidate pair debate which is broadcast through the Sambas Regency Comunications and Information Agency youtube page which was broadcast live on November 21, 2020, lasted 3 hours 26 minutes 25 detik. The data collection technique in this research is a documentary study technique. Based on the results of the analysis in the 2020 Sambas regent and Deputy Regent Candidate Debate, it can be concluded that there are 23 forms af declarative implicature sentences, 21 forms of interrogative implicature sentences, 41 forms of imperative implicature sentences, 7 forms of general conversational implicature sentences, and 78 specific conversational implicature sentences. In addition, this research can also be used as teaching material in learning Indonesian for grade X second semester in senior high school level as the debate material.Keywords: Conversational Implicature, Debate, Implicatur

PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA INDONESIA ANAK USIA 5—6 TAHUN STUDI KASUS MUHAMMAD RAGIL SATRIA PUTRA AGUNG DALAM KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK

AbstractThis study aims to describe the acquisition of Indonesian children aged 5-6 years who are examined on the types of Indonesian sentences and patterns of Indonesian sentence structure obtained by Muhammad Ragil Satria Putra Agung. The method used is descriptive method. The form of qualitative research. The data source is Muhammad Ragil Satria Putra Agung and the research data are all the utterances produced by Muhammad Ragil Satria Putra Agung in the form of sentences according to the selected problem formulation. The data collection technique used is the conversational engagement technique, recording technique and note-taking technique on the data card. The technique of testing the validity of the data is the persistence of observations and the adequacy of references. The results showed that: declarative sentences (news) as many as 272 sentences, imperative sentences (commands) as many as 32 sentences, interrogative sentences (questions) as many as 71 sentences. Based on the data classification, the patterns of Indonesian sentence structure obtained by Muhammad Ragil Satria Putra Agung include: (SP) 246 patterns, (SPO) 8 patterns, (SP-Pel) 138 patterns, (SP-Ket) 29 patterns, (SPO- Note) 3 patterns, (SPO-Mop) 5 patterns, and (SP-Pel-Ket) 14 patterns. From the results of data analysis, the most dominant sentences obtained are declarative sentences, which are 272 sentences, while the sentence structure pattern that is most widely used is the Subject-Predicate (SP) pattern, which is 246 patterns. Keywords: Indonesian language acquisition, children aged 5-6 years, psycholinguistics.

Pragmatics Principles of English Teachers in Islamic Elementary School

This qualitative study presents the research results on Pragmatics politeness in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools. The problem formulation of this research focuses on what and how Pragmatics politeness is in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools. The objectives of this study are (i) to describe the form of Pragmatics speech in the language of English teachers; (ii) to describe the tools used in using Pragmatics politeness in the teacher's language, English. The research approach used is qualitative research. Data were collected from various communication events in teaching English in the classroom between teachers and students by participating in observation techniques, note-taking/recording techniques, and interviews. Structurally, the various sub-illocutions were delivered with one core speech unit alone or with a combination of core speech (TI) and supporting speech units (TD) in the form of asking questions, commanding acts, and opening speech units (TB) in the form of greetings. Pragmatics politeness speech acts of English teachers and students are generally expressed in imperative sentences (active and passive), declarative sentences, and interrogative sentences. Second, the tools of Pragmatics politeness in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools found in the speech of the teaching process can function as an action stimulator, a request for approval of the action, an invitation.Keywords: Politeness, Pragmatics, Islamic elementary school.

The Effectiveness of Using Sequence Picture Media in Teaching EFL Students in Writing Procedure Text

Teaching EFL students are both challenging and demanding as English is neither the students’ mother tongue nor their second language. Therefore, it is essentially required to select an effective way or technique in achieving the objectives of the lesson. This study was aimed to investigate the use of sequence picture technique and its effectiveness in teaching EFL students how to write a procedure text. This study was conducted by using quantitative research with one group pretest-posttest design at Universitas Prima Indonesia. The steps involve administering pretest measuring the dependent variable, applying the experimental treatment X to the subjects; and administering a posttest again measuring the dependent variable. There were 40 students taken as the subject of the study. The data were collected through a pretest and a posttest. The result on this study showed that the students’ responses and performances were improved. It can be seen from the finding which showed that students’ percentage in using the language components such as grammar, sequence words, commands or imperative sentences, and adverbial phrases accurately. The result of the questionnaire also showed that the students considered sequence picture technique was effective in helping them write procedure text correctly. Key Words: EFL Students, Procedure Text, Sequence Picture Media

On Rising Intonation in Balkan Slavic

abstract: Crosslinguistic work on the meanings of intonational tunes across clause types remains rare. Rudin (2018a) notes an apparent correlation between the behavior of declarative and imperative sentences with rising terminal contours. Languages in which 'rising declaratives' comprise non-canonical biased questions allow for 'rising imperatives', interpreted as suggestions, while languages in which rising declaratives comprise canonical neutral questions disallow rising imperatives. Bulgarian and Macedonian, closely related languages which differ in the status of their rising declaratives, provide an ideal test case for investigating this correlation. Initial investigation of these two Balkan Slavic languages lends support to the prediction that rising imperatives occur only in languages whose rising declaratives are biased questions.