ACQUISITION OF INDONESIAN IN A CHILD AGED 1 YEAR AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IT

Companies should chooseproper competitive tools to be successful in their environment. Beingsuccessful is closely associated with being competitive. Therefore, at the beginning of this work, ageneral look to Competitiveness is taken. In addition to this, the reasons forcompanies to compete are explained. Furthermore, the external and internalfactors related to competitiveness are listed. In further sections, the exampleof Gübretaş is assessed with internal and external competitive factors and itscompetitive tools are explained. Advices for Gübretaş to be more competitiveare also given. In this paper, the reasons for companies to compete are statedand external and internal factors affecting the competition level of companiesare explained. Combination of these external and internal factors affects levelof the competition, In other words, it affects the success of thecompanies. Therefore, the companiesshould deeply analyze these factors, so that they can choose the bestcombination of tools for competition. Being more competitive let the companiesgain more market share in their field. Being big gives advantages for companies. The reason for this is thatbig companies can have more sources than other ordinary companies. Thesecompanies use tools like price, promotion, etc to compete with ordinarycompanies. Therefore, if today’s companies want to obtain success in thecompetition, they should increase their sources as much as possible to defendthemselves against attacks by their competitors. To do this, they shoulddetermine the best practices for competition.

Inmates have a great potential to generate pressures that make them unhappy. This can lead to stress and tend to have a desire to commit suicide. To minimize this they need the ability to look for happiness in order to reduce the negative impact arising from the situation in prisons. There are two factors that affect happiness is internal and external factors. Internal factors, there are 3 (three), namely the satisfaction of the past, optimism about the future, and happiness in the present. External factors are 5 (five), namely social life, religion or religiosity, marriage, money and health. This study used qualitative techniques in analyzing the data. Data were obtained through interviews and observations. The number of research subjects are four people according to specified criteria. The results showed on the subject C supporting factors of happiness comes from internal and external factors likely to be achieved, on the subject W and D tend to be achieved on the factors supporting the happiness derived from external factors alone. On the subject of A tends not achieved the supporting factors of happiness derived from external and internal factors. The conclusion from this study is only one subject that is the subject of C which tends achieved in supporting factors of happiness derived from external and internal factors, the remaining three subjects achieved only on external happiness factors alone, or internal only. If the views of external and internal factors supporting factors of happiness, of 4 subjects only 3 subjects tend to be achieved in the happiness of external factors, while the source of happiness internal factors, of 4 subjects only one subject that tends to be achieved. Keywords : Happiness, Women Prisoners

In this case, the researcher investigates the students from Kuala Lumpur who study in Da’wa and Communication Faculty UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. They have difficulties understanding Indonesian Grammar. Such as, when they write a scientific papers or academic assignments, papers, and theses. The factors that make them experience problems in understanding Indonesian are derived from internal and external factors. Internal factors are in their spirit to learn Indonesian and External influences have a significant impact on their ability to learn Indonesian verbally and in writing. UIN Sunan Ampel has a BIPA program. This is placeis for learning Indonesian language skills (speaking, writing, reading, and listening) for language speaking. This research applied a type of qualitative descriptive research. It aims to describe, analyze, and provide an accurate systematic description of the communication problems experienced by Kuala Lumpur international students pursuing undergraduate education at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The research data were obtained from observations and interviews with research subjects. The researcher used a case study for this research approach. This research was conducted on five international students from Kuala Lumpur in semesters 4, and 8 at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, in semesters 6 there are no students from Kuala Lumpur precisely at the Faculty of Da'wah and Communication. All data collected is analyzed, and then the results are written into a series of sentences in paragraphs. The qualitative descriptive method was applied in this study through observation and interviews. This study found that the understanding of language experienced by Kuala Lumpur. The factors that make them experience problems in understanding Indonesian are derived from internal and external factors. Internal factors themselves and external influences have a significant impact on Kuala Lumpur students' ability to learn Indonesian verbally and in writing a student lies in understanding written and spoken. AbstrakDalam hal ini, peneliti menyelidiki mahasiswa asal Kuala Lumpur yang belajar di Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Mereka kesulitan memahami Tata Bahasa Indonesia. Misalnya saja ketika mereka menulis karya ilmiah atau tugas akademik, makalah, dan tesis. Faktor yang membuat mereka mengalami kendala dalam memahami bahasa Indonesia berasal dari faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu semangat mereka untuk belajar bahasa Indonesia dan pengaruh Eksternal mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan mereka dalam belajar bahasa Indonesia lisan dan tulisan. UIN Sunan Ampel mempunyai program BIPA. Tempat ini untuk pembelajaran keterampilan berbahasa Indonesia (berbicara, menulis, membaca, dan mendengarkan) untuk berbicara bahasa. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, menganalisis, dan memberikan gambaran sistematis yang akurat mengenai permasalahan komunikasi yang dialami mahasiswa internasional Kuala Lumpur yang menempuh pendidikan sarjana di UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Data penelitian diperoleh dari observasi dan wawancara terhadap subjek penelitian. Peneliti menggunakan studi kasus untuk pendekatan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada lima mahasiswa internasional asal Kuala Lumpur semester 4, dan 8 di UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, pada semester 6 tidak ada mahasiswa asal Kuala Lumpur tepatnya di Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi. Seluruh data yang terkumpul dianalisis, kemudian hasilnya dituliskan dalam rangkaian kalimat dalam paragraf. Metode deskriptif kualitatif diterapkan dalam penelitian ini melalui observasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemahaman bahasa dialami oleh Kuala Lumpur. Faktor yang membuat mereka mengalami kendala dalam memahami bahasa Indonesia berasal dari faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor Internal dalam diri sendiri dan Pengaruh Eksternal Eksternal mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan siswa Kuala Lumpur dalam belajar bahasa Indonesia lisan dan tulisan. Siswa terletak pada pemahaman tulisan dan lisan.

E-cigarette policy has varied across jurisdictions, contrasting with the previous coordinated approach of international tobacco control communities. A multi-method case study approach was used to understand the role of evidence and external and internal contextual factors in the development of public health recommendations across four purposively selected jurisdictions (WHO, UK, Australia and USA). Informed by Dobrow et al.'s (2004) conceptual framework for context-based evidencebased decision-making, four data sources were drawn upon: 1) 15 public health bodies' e-cigarette recommendation documents, 2) seven development documents produced by the public health bodies, 3) sources of evidence cited in the public health bodies' recommendation documents and 4) 15 qualitative interviews with experts. Thematic analysis and citation analysis were conducted to aid triangulation of evidence. We found a complex interplay between internal and external factors which influence the role and use of evidence in the development of e-cigarette recommendations. For example, recommendation documents' remit (internal factor) was influenced by various external factors such as epidemiology and policy history, with decisions made over time having reshaped the external context. Considering the findings with respect to evidence utilisation, we propose a modified version of Dobrow et al.'s (2004) framework, highlighting the important interplay between internal and external contextual factors. This research suggest internal and external contextual factors mutually interact and influence how evidence is incorporated into recommendations. This dynamic interplay of contextual factors may help explain the why different policy approaches are pursued concerning public health topics, particularly e-cigarettes.

The article identifies and mathematically substantiates vectors of reforming the financial monitoring system based on the synergistic approach in the cross-country context by developing scenarios by selecting internal and external factors that stimulate money laundering. The key external and internal factors of the money laundering process intensification are indicated. Competitive advantages of the anti-money laundering processes, the achievement of which is possible in terms of key external and internal factors for activation of money laundering process are formed. The relationship between the key internal and external factors of money laundering intensification and competitive advantages by building a binary characteristic matrix is formed. The synergy effect made by the mutual influence of simultaneously acting internal and external factors – a quantitative feature of the further strategy of the financial monitoring system reforming in terms of cross-country analysis is calculated. An economic-mathematical model for evaluating and interpreting strategy for improving the financial monitoring system in terms of cross-country context based on integer optimization is developed. In the article, there is calculation of the number of competitive advantages received by each observed country, without considering the possible synergy effect of mutual influence of simultaneously acting internal and external factors on each other. Moreover, there is quantitative assessment of the synergy effect made by the emergence of additional competitive advantages due to a certain combination of simultaneous influence made by external and internal factors of the money laundering intensification. The “ideal” situation of the possibility of gaining all possible competitive advantages in reforming the financial monitoring system in terms of cross-country context by overcoming internal and external factors stimulating the money laundering is studied. The results of the cross-country analysis form a basis for the further formalization of the limits for quantitative evaluation of the developed strategies through a uniform distribution.

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Employees are the main capital in a company or organization including hospitals. Good health services are produced by hospital employees who have great motivation in working. Motivation is influenced by basic human needs including physiological needs, a sense of belonging, a sense of security, self-actualization, and appreciation. This study aims to determine and assess external and internal factors that affect employee motivation at Materna Hospital Medan. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population of all employees working at Materna Hospital Medan amounted to 137 people and all of them were sampled. Data collection techniques through questionnaire dissemination, documentation, and literature study. The analysis method uses univariate, multivariate, and bivariate analysis using multiple linear regression equations. Research findings show that internal factors in the form of recognition affect employee motivation at Materna Medan Hospital while internal factors in the form of responsibility and work itself do not influence. External factors in the form of compensation, supervisors, and relationships with colleagues affect the motivation of employees at Materna Medan Hospital while external factors in the form of working conditions do not influence. Internal and external factors that predominantly influence motivation are internal factors in the form of recognition. It is recommended to hospital management/leaders give statements of recognition to employees according to their performance, and compensate accordingly and supervisors should understand the nature and characteristics of employees who are subordinates to be able to provide appropriate motivation.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords : Internal Factors, External Factors, Work Motivation, Hospital Employees</em></strong></p>

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of external and internal factors on academic resilience. This study is more apt to examine the critical role of internal protective factors in students’ academic resilience. Child rearing attitudes or parenting style and ecological education value perception were included as external factors and academic self-efficacy and academic motivation as internal factors. Within the scope of this purpose, the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) was adapted to Turkish, and the Ecological Education Value Perception Scale (EEVPS) was developed. The model testing with structural equation modeling indicated that internal factors play a mediating role between external factors and academic resilience. Internal protective factors of academic motivation and academic self-efficacy were found to mediate between external factors of parenting style and ecological education value and academic resilience. It was concluded that even having external protective factors for resilience, we still need internal protective factors to become academically more resilient. The current study’s results showed that the existence of intrinsic motivation and protective features can be considered a prerequisite for academic resilience. The results are discussed in light of previous studies and within the limitations of this study.

The article explores methods for assessing a company's performance and describes the impact of external and internal factors and methods for measuring them. The concept of self-management, self-management factors, and a model of the impact of self-management on company performance are described. Given the realities of today's highly competitive and constantly changing market, companies are forced to seek competitive advantages such as better quality, marketing strategy, customer service level, etc. Considering the pace of market development, an important competitive advantage can be the improvement of internal efficiency in the middle of the company and the optimization of business processes. By improving the quality of internal business processes, companies gain an advantage in terms of quality, speed of customer service, etc. The article describes the internal and external factors that affect the efficiency of the company. Internal factors include factors that arise within the company, and external factors include factors that the company has no direct influence on, but must take them into account when conducting business. During the construction of the model, both external and internal factors were taken into account. The model describes the influence of all external and internal factors. The concept of self-management, its main components and the influence of self-management on the company's performance are also described. Given the high level of digitization in modern conditions, self-management and management in general should be completed using modern means. The proposal model describes the effectiveness of the company's activities by selected divisions, the influence of external and internal factors, as well as the influence of self-management, which is implemented with the help of modern software tools. We can note that the implementation of a mobile application for self-management, which will be integrated into the general management system of the company, will help to level internal factors and reduce the influence of external factors, as well as increase the efficiency of the company's activities to improve the efficiency of internal business processes.

Both internal and environmental factors influence the trade-offs animals make between foraging and antipredator vigilance. However, few studies examine both internal and environmental factors simultaneously, preventing us from drawing inferences about their relative importance during foraging. We capitalized on a long-term study of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to compare the relative importance of internal state-based factors versus external environmental factors in explaining variation in marmot foraging and vigilance behavior. Results indicate that while internal factors such as baseline fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, parasite infection, and body condition influence the time allocated to both foraging and vigilance, environmental factors such as group size and habitat characteristics only explain variation in the time allocated to vigilance. Thus, our findings reveal not only the importance of considering effects of both internal and environmental factors in explaining behavioral trade-offs but also the value in evaluating the subtle ways in which factors explaining vigilance and foraging differ. Studies on foraging and vigilance typically focus either on internal or environmental factors that influence behavior. This paper makes contributions to the field by integrating both internal factors, such as parasite infection, body condition, and fecal glucocorticoid hormone levels, and external factors, such as group size and habitat characteristics, in evaluation of behavioral trade-offs. We find that foraging and vigilance are affected differently by internal and external factors. This highlights the fact that even though foraging and vigilance are closely related, they are unique behaviors and there are opportunities in understanding how the factors that influence them differ.

Relevance of the research topic. In modern conditions of society development, the restoration of balanced economic growth to improve the standard and quality of life of the population is an important strategic priority of the public financial management system. Achieving this priority involves the implementation of a set of consistent and interconnected institutional changes in the public finance system, aimed at systematically increasing the level of competitiveness of the domestic economy, reducing its dependence on external conditions. Formulation of the problem. The impact of adverse external and internal factors on the domestic public finance system has led to increasing macroeconomic imbalances, reduced domestic consumption and investment. This highlighted the issue of adapting the public financial management system to the new socio-economic conditions of the country's development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of improving the quality of public finance management system is revealed in many scientific studies of domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, S. Kucherenko, L. Levaeva, L. Lysyak, I. Lukyanenko, L. Marmul, V. Makogon,V. Fedosov, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. A new wave of negative external and internal factors, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic, is exacerbating Ukraine's rapid economic recovery. Against the background of the recession, the prospects for economic growth are difficult. There is a high level of uncertainty about the stability and stability of the public finance system. In this regard, an important task is the rapid implementation of adaptive measures of the public financial management system aimed at activating new factors of economic growth. It is necessary to ensure balanced economic development by increasing the level of factor productivity, increasing the efficiency of financial and budgetary tools, improving the institutional structure of the public finance system. Problem statement, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to substantiate the role of public financial management in enhancing the country's economic growth in terms of increasing the impact of negative internal and external factors; identify the features of the public finance management system; to analyze and evaluate the operations of the general government sector of Ukraine. The aim of the study is to reveal the vectors of development of the public financial management system in modern conditions. Method or methodology of the study. To achieve the goal of the article, a set of general scientific and special methods was used: theoretical generalization and comparison; systemic; comparative analysis; scientific abstraction. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of the public financial management system in intensifying the pace of economic growth of the country in the conditions of increasing influence of negative internal and external factors is revealed. The peculiarities of the public finance management system are determined. The analysis and assessment of operations of the general government sector of Ukraine is carried out. The vectors of development of the public finance management system in modern conditions are revealed. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of reforming the public financial management system. Conclusions in accordance with the article. Public finance management at a qualitatively new level in the context of increasing negative external and internal factors, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic will ensure macroeconomic stability in the country through a combination of tools of the public administration system. An effective public financial management system will create conditions for the country's economic growth.

Trust-building factors in Patient‒Physician relationship: a qualitative study. Background: Trust plays a significant role in establishing patient‒physician relationships. This study, as part of a deeper investigation, aimed to determine trust-building factors in patient‒physician relationships. Methods: This qualitative study included a literature review, group discussions, semistructured interviews, and data analysis. From spring 2019 to 2022, we conducted literature reviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), semistructured interviews, and thematic analysis. In the summer of 2021, we conducted 8 FGDs and interviewed 42 participants from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data were analyzed, and the results were classified. Results: The statements were categorized into internal and external factors affecting trust. Internal factors arise directly from patient‒physician interactions. External factors include global trust, media influence, the Ministry of Health and other sources. Hence, 12 internal factors and three external factors were identified. Conclusion: Internal and external factors influencing trust in the patient‒physician relationship were identified. Improving external factors requires societal efforts, whereas internal factors can be addressed through enhanced academic courses. Moreover, these 15 factors could inform future questionnaires measuring trust.

This study is focused on analyzing the dependence of identity on internal and external factors and emphasizing the conditions of its realization. In this article, I delve into the understanding of identity formation and outline the conditions that affect the realization of identity through the consideration of existing theoretical positions in the field of identity. In this regard, the understanding of identity, the dependence of its formation and functioning on internal and external factors is specified. The scientific novelty of this study consists in clarifying the influence of external and internal factors on the construction and functioning of identity and highlighting the possibility of false definition of the subject’s identity. The complex system and dynamics of interaction include many components that can affect the realization of identity. The realization of identity includes the consistent formation of the subject’s representation of oneself and the actualization of this representation, which is related to the expectations and requirements of the social space and the real regularities of the subject’s existence in the world. Topical theoretical positions on the formation and functioning of identity touch upon the problem of the impact of internal (personal) and external (social) factors. The internal factors of identity construction and realization include genetic and neurobiological features, values, motivational sphere, needs, moral responsibility, experience, skills and abilities, internal structure and dynamics of the psyche, and meaning. External factors include culture, social environment, education, social institutions, political movements, macro-social processes, and social relations. Globalization and virtualization put an additional burden on the preservation of identity. This article identifies the conditions of identity realization: possession of certain qualities and characteristics; reading of these qualities with minimization of distortions; inclusion in social relations and acceptance of the impact of external factors; actualization of identity in action; acceptance of identity by “others”. From violations of the conditions of formation of identity can be formed a corresponding type of unrealized identity: untenable, substituted, latent, residual, confrontational, false-recognized. The basis for the fulfillment of the conditions of identity realization is the absence of conflict between internal and external factors that determine the subject’s identity.

The educational value of Indonesian Feminism is contained in the book, this research seeks to explore the value and social identity. The analysis uses Educational Psychology and Feminism approaches. The qualitative method is used through literature review and text interpretation of Sarinah's book. The research instrument used human instrument. Based on the results of the analysis, the learning process of feminism education in Sarinah's book includes three phases of human evolution, the initial phase, women occupy a low position in life, in the second evolutionary phase, women occupy the highest position in life, and in the third evolutionary phase, women again occupy a low position in life. There are important factors that contribute to the success of students in a learning process, these factors include internal and external factors. Internal factors: Health, Intelligence and talent, Interest and motivation, and Learning style. External factors: Family/parents, School/teachers, Community/environment, Role of family/parents. Highlights: The research explores the educational value of Indonesian Feminism by analyzing Sarinah's book through the lenses of Educational Psychology and Feminism. The learning process of feminism education in Sarinah's book is depicted through three phases of human evolution, reflecting the changing social positions of women. Internal factors (health, intelligence and talent, interest and motivation, learning style) and external factors (family/parents, school/teachers, community/environment, role of family/parents) play crucial roles in students' success in the learning process. Keywords: Indonesian Feminism, Educational Psychology, Qualitative research method, Sarinah's book, Social identity

The contentious and growing sustainability concerns within the UAE's oil and gas industries have highlighted the necessity of systematically examining the internal and external organisational factors that influence sustainable procurement (SP) in the industry. This study investigates the internal and external factors most influencing SP in the UAE's oil and gas industry. Utilising questionnaires, the researcher obtained data from 100 procurement professionals working in three oil and gas companies operating in the UAE. The research framework, developed through an extensive literature review, was analysed and tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results reveal that both internal and external factors have a positive and statistically significant impact on sustainable procurement, although internal factors have a relatively greater effect. This study found that leadership in change management, internal management structure, management strategy, and infrastructure cost management, are the most influential internal factors affecting SP, whilst social and economic factors are the most influential external factors. An emphasis on these internal and external factors can help oil and gas companies operating in the UAE greatly improve their level of SP performance.

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to propose an Islamic model of human behavioral analysis that can explain the determinants such as Islamic moral values, internal factors (e.g. self-efficacy or reasons for and against), external factors (e.g. perceived social support or others from external sources) and empathy (EMP) (humane attitude) to predict niyyah (worshipful intention) toward actual behavior (a’mal) in question.Design/methodology/approachWith this end in mind, this research uses the theory of Islamic entrepreneurship and behavioral reasoning theory as their theoretical foundations. To validate the model, the study uses empirical data on investors’ intention toward sukuk (Islamic bonds or Shari’ah-compliant bonds) purchase in the context of Bangladesh, where very recently the sukuk were introduced by the Central Bank.FindingsFindings of the study indicate that Islamic values and internal factors have the highest effects on external factors and EMP, respectively. Internal factors and Islamic values have moderate and almost similar impacts on EMP. Besides, external factors and EMP have somewhat equally moderate effects on niyyah. Islamic moral values and internal factors have the least influence on internal factors and niyyah, respectively. The external factor is also found to be insignificant to influence EMP. The findings also indicate that EMP, internal control factors and external control factors have mediating effects on niyyah toward sukuk purchase.Research limitations/implicationsThese results imply that the present research model successfully predicts and explains the determinants of Islamic worshipful intention toward the actual purchase of sukuk.Practical implicationsSukuk has been an important Islamic financial instrument that has been growing much rapidly in recent times. So, this paper will help to comprehend that pattern empirically.Social implicationsIslamic finance has emerged as a dominant financial tool nowadays. This paper contributes to advance that initiative one step further in terms of social and economic development.Originality/valueThis is a conceptual paper written in the area of Islamic Finance. This model has been validated by collating primary data collected from the selected respondents residing in Bangladesh.