ACQUISITION OF INDONESIAN IN A CHILD AGED 1 YEAR AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IT

Abstract

This study is aimed to find, study, analyze, and explain about the first language acquisition of a one year old child and the factors that affect it. The data source in this study is a one year old child. The data of this study is collected from the daily utterances of the one year old child. The child was observed in seven months. The observation took place in Banjar Adat Angantiga, Desa Petang, Badung, Bali. The method and technique of collecting data used in this study is the qualitative method with participated observation and unstructured interview. The note taking method is used in the observation and interview. The method and technique of analyzing data used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. The theory of early child language development by Otto (2015) is applied to analyze the acquisition of phonology, morphology, and syntactic in Bahasa Indonesia; factors that affect the language acquisition from KEMENRISTEKDIKTI RI (2018) is applied to analyze the internal and external factors that can affect the first language acquisition. The result of this study showed that in phonological aspect the one year old child can produce vocals /a/ /i/ /u/ /e/ /o/ /?/ /O/ perfectly. Most of the consonants are produced well whether it is in the beginning, in the middle, or in the final position. In the morphological aspect, it is found that the one year old child sometimes produce some meaningless words such as nyah nyah, mbew, yuh, etc. which are undefined and with no reference. In the syntactical aspect, the one year old child can produce one word and two words utterance, simple imperative sentences, negative utterance, and pronominal. The child language acquisition is affected by the internal and external factors. The internal factors are age, nature, genetic, and cognitive. The external factors that can affect the language acquisition are environment and technology.