Imperative Sentences Research Articles

THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH SENTENCES BY CHILDREN OF FOUR AND FIVE YEARS OLD

The objectives of this research were to find out types of English sentences acquired by boys and girls of four and five years old children. This research also aims to find the tendency of English acquisition between boys and girls. The sources or subjects of this research were 20 kindergarten students of K-2 David in TK Kristen Kalam Kudus Pematangsiantar, 11 boys and 9 girls. The research design is qualitative research design. The instrument of data collection used video recording to observe the subjects in real situation and naturally. The result reveals that, the types of English sentences acquired by boys and girls of four and five years old children are declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences, which are boys acquired interrogative sentences much more in their conversation while girls acquired declarative sentences more than other types. Girls or females articulate better and acquire a more extensive vocabulary than males or boys. Keywords: language acquisition, children of four and five, types of sentences

MODUS KALIMAT PERINTAH DAN LARANGAN DALAM “ASBAB WURUD AL-HADITS” KARYA IMAM SUYUTHI KAJIAN PRAGMATIK

This article aims to explain the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in hadits by using Searle's speech act theory. The purpose of this study focused to describe the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in seen from sentence mode. Results of this study indicate that there are several characteristics of the use of the phrase mode commands and prohibitions of the Prophet Muhammad such us declarative sentences mode with verb sentence form and noun sentence form; Imperative sentences mode with fi‘lul-amri form, ismu fi‘lil-amri form, dan la an-nahiyah form; and the interrogative sentences mode with using “َ ”أand “.”

Request Strategies in the TV Series <i>Victorious</i>

This research aimed to investigate request strategies as found in an American TV series Victorious. In particular, it attempted to identify and classify request head acts, external modifications, and types of sentences of the requests expressed by the characters in the series. Therefore, utterances containing requests in the TV series were used as the data of this study. The results show that the most frequently used request strategy in the TV series was direct strategy (mood derivable) with 194 occurrences (67%). In addition, an external modification by means of grounder was found to be the most frequent strategy in the TV series with 32 occurrences (94% of the total number of the external modifications). Furthermore, it was found that the imperative sentence was the most frequent type of sentence utilized by the characters in the series when making requests with 216 occurrences (74%). In conclusion, the tendency for the characters to use mood derivable as their request strategy might due to their intimacy with each character and the informal situations and conversations where they interacted with each other throughout the TV series. In addition, the proclivity of the characters to use grounder may relate to ease and simplicity. Finally, the tendency of the characters to use declarative sentences when making requests might due to its simplicity and function to state facts, opinions, or ideas.

An Analysis of Imperative Sentence in “Uang Panai” Movie

This study aimed to analyze the type and function of the Imperative sentence that appeared in “Uang Panai” Movie. The researcher applied content analysis design. The subject of this study is the characters in “Uang Panai” Movie. And the object of study was imperative sentences used by the characters in the movie. The instrument used in this study was the checklist. The researcher found 98 positive imperative sentences and 30 Negative imperative sentences. The particles used in a positive imperative sentence in Bugise Language found in Uang Panai Movie mostly the character used particle to stress the command and also the researcher found that in Bugise imperative there are using Ko and Ki to represent you but Ki is more polite than using ko. The researcher also found 83 imperative sentences as command with the most particle used is to give emphasis to the listener to do something, 14 imperative sentence as a request with the most marker used is marker ki to represent politeness and word “tolong” and 30 imperative sentence as a prohibition used word “jangan” with mostly marker used is ko to give more stress to the listener for not to do something.

현대중국어 인식양태[추측] ‘该’의 의미적 특징 및 기능 연구 - 인식양태 [추측] ‘应该’와의 대조연구를 중심으로

In modern Chinese, ‘gai(该)’ is used in very diverse meanings but, among them, it has a common point with ‘yinggai(应该)’ in representing the epistemic modality of speculation. In order to look into the epistemic features and functions of [speculative] ‘gai(该),’ this study conducted analysis on 259 examples of [speculative] ‘gai(该)’ detected from the literature area of BCC corpus and also carried out contrastive study with the 283 examples of [speculative] ‘yinggai(应该)’ in the process of discussion.BR As a result of looking at the examples of [speculative] ‘gai(该)’ in terms of the mood, [speculative] ‘gai(该)’ cannot form propositive or imperative sentence but can only declarative, interrogative or exclamatory sentences. Here, the [speculative] ‘gai(该)’ characteristically shows that kinds of its following components are very finite in a fixed form, unlike [speculative] ‘yinggai(应该).’BRAmong them, in declarative or interrogative sentence, appearance of the three forms followed by negation later, such as ‘该不會……(吧)’, ‘该不會是2……(吧)’, or ‘该不是2……(吧)’ reaches about 88% in frequency. Among the three forms, the second form and the third form, when put into [speculative] ‘yinggai(应该)’, almost comes close to a meaningless sentence. The form ‘该不會是2……(吧)’ where ‘shi2(是2)’ has been realized is a stereotyped form of expression with speaker’s different psychological attitude toward speculation. This can be seen as a kind of pattern expression which means [+speculation, +negative attitude(worry)]. Besides, when [speculative] ‘gai(该)’ is realized in exclamatory sentence, it is found to be realized in stereotyped form of expression.BR Seen from these aspects, we can conclude that [speculative] ‘gai(该)’ semantically appears in overwhelmingly high frequency in the stereotyped form of expression.

THE USE OF TRAFFIC SIGN PICTURES TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN CONSTRUCTING IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

One of grammatical pattern of English that is important to be taught is imperative sentences. By having the knowledge about imperative sentences, students are supposed to be able to construct the sentences correctly. Although the students have learnt imperative sentences at school, most of them still find difficulties in understanding and using them. This study aimed at finding out whether using of traffic sign pictures able to improve the students’ ability in constructing imperative sentence. This study was conducted at the seventh grade of SMPN 2 Tellu Limpoe kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang by using pre-experimental method with one group on pre-test and post-test design. This study was conducted in eight meeting which consist of one meeting for pre-test, six meeting for treatment, and one meeting for post-test. The data were gathered through quantitative data. The study found out the use of traffic sign pictures was able to improve the students’ ability in constructing imperative sentence. This study also provides a set of recommendation to avoid the overlapped researches in English education.

APLIKASI KAIDAH KEBAHASAAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM TAJUK BERITA SURAT KABAR SEBAGAI KONSUMSI INFORMASI PUBLIK DI KOTA MAKASSAR

The purpose of this research is to determine the use of Indonesian standard in headline news in newspaper discourse relate to the diction/vocabulary; writing; sentence structure; and use of vernacular languages, and foreign terms. This research focuses on the use of Indonesian standard in the headline newspaper of Harian Fajar newspaper. This research is a qualitative method of content analysis. The source data are from daily Harian Fajar Tajuk Newspaper. The result showed that the diction or vocabulary in the discourse of headline news used language hyperbole, oxymoron, and personification. The writing word such as acronyms, technical terms. The majority of the style of language used by the writer is hyperbole. The writer used many acronyms. The technical terms are dominated by English vocabulary. The writing is not appropriate, namely: the writing of the word, the error in the writing of letters, capital letters, the compound word, and preposition di. Particle that often arise in the writing errors is pun. These of punctuation is not appropriate, namely the use of comma, in the details of words and the use of hyphen in the decoding in the words. The sentence structure in the form of the head line news of Harian Fajar is to be a symbol (+), proverbs, advice, and imperative sentence. The ambiguous sentence, conjunction occur due to improving is not appropriate, ie: untuk kemudian, padahal agar, mesti, sehingga, jadi, karena, disebabkan oleh, dan bahwa. Many sentences found in the data are ineffective. One of the reasons is became of a combination of the two ideas in a sentence. There is a tendency of the writer to write down his words affix me- writer the based words only and many sentences do not have clear subject.

A Study of Joseigo: Gendered Language of Japanese Women Workers in Ubud

This study examines joseigo (japanese women’s language) differences usage found in the conversations of two Japanese women who worke s in a formal and informal sector in Ubud varies in ages. The research was conducted between July and August 2016. The corpus of this study was from the conversation transcripts, interview results, questionnaire results, and observation. This study examined difference strategies used in joseigo’s linguistic features such as personal pronouns, adverbs, interjections, sentence-final forms, honorifics, and imperative sentences. The results showed that the level of formality is inversely proportional to the frequency of use of joseigo and the amount of variation used. The verbal data were majorly occurs in the formal background, joseigo forms are used less and less varied compared with the speech data that mostly occur in the informal background. On a formal background, neutral language variants (without gender attributes) are more frequently used.

A Contrastive Analysis Between English and Indonesian Kinds of Sentences

The difference between English and Indonesia language become one of the hardest things to learn and to be understood. It could be seen by the grammar of the language and the system of communication between both languages. The aim of this study is to identify the difference and the similarity sentence between English and Indonesia Language and analysis contrastive between both languages. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach to find out the contrast between both of them. the sample in this study were 20 students of English Department Students in Victory University, especially the 2nd Semester. The result of this study was the main error of the students was in Declarative Sentence (DS), Negative Sentence (NS), Interrogative Sentence (IS) and Exclamatory Sentence (ES) i.e 92.86%. Based on the research, we found out that the students did those errors because the pattern of those sentences are different whereas the Imperative Sentence (IMS) has the same pattern with English.

On Resolving Ambiguous Anaphoric Expressions in Imperative Discourse

Anaphora resolution is a central problem in natural language understanding. We study a subclass of this problem involving object pronouns when they are used in simple imperative sentences (e.g., “pick it up.”). Specifically, we address cases where situational and contextual information is required to interpret these pronouns. Current state-of-the art statisticallydriven coreference systems and knowledge-based reasoning systems are insufficient to address these cases. In this paper, we introduce, with examples, a general class of situated anaphora resolution problems, propose a proof-of-concept system for disambiguating situated pronouns, and discuss some general types of reasoning that might be needed.

KAJIAN PRAGMATIK DALAM BAHASA ARAB (ANALISIS BENTUK DAN FUNGSI TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF BAHASA ARAB DALAM FILM “ASHABUL KAHFI”)

Pragmatik adalah studi yang mempelajari tentang konteks luar bahasa dan maksud tuturan. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada salah satu cabang pragmatik yaitu tindak tutur direktif bahasa Arab dalam film “Ashabul Kahfi”. Penelitian ini berfungsi untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk tindak tutur direktif dan fungsinya dalam film “Ashabul Kahfi”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif, yang mana dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan, (1) tahap pengumpulan data (2) tahap analisis data, dan (3) tahap penyajian hasil analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk tindak tutur direktif bahasa Arab dalam film “Ashabul Kahfi” meliputi tindak tutur langsung, tidak langsung dengan bentuk kalimat imperatif, tidak langsung dengan bentuk kalimat deklaratif dan kalimat interogatif yang ditandai oleh kata tanya, literal, dan tidak literal. Sedangkan fungsi tindak tutur direktif bahasa Arab dalam film “Ashabul Kahfi”adalah tindak tutur direktif Requestives, tindak tutur direktif Questions, tindak tutur direktif Requirements, tindak tutur direktif Prohibitives, tindak tutur direktif Permissives, tindak tutur direktif Advisories.

ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE SLOGANS USED BY HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN WEST JAVA

This study analyzes the English-language slogan used by higher education institutions in West Java. The purpose of this study is to describe the linguistic patterns and to describe the substance contained in the slogans. This research used descriptive method in analyzing data since it was aimed to get a picture of the use of slogans in higher education institutions. The data were 63 English-language slogans of higher education institutions in West Java with the official web pages and electronic brochures on the Internet as data resources. This study shows that the English-language slogans used by higher education institutions in West Java consist of phrases and sentences. These phrases are noun phrase (41 or 64% slogans), gerund phrase (6 or 9.2 % slogans), verb phrase (4 or 6.3% slogans), prepositional phrase (3 or 4.7% slogans), and infinitive phrase (1 or 1.5% slogan). Meanwhile, the types of the sentence are declarative sentence (8 or 12.5 % slogans) and imperative sentences (1 or 1.5% slogans). This study also shows that there are 13 slogans (20.9%) which contain goal, 49 (77.8%) slogans which contain ideology, and 1 (1.6%) slogan which contains both goal and ideology.

Total Physical Response

Total Physical Response is a language teaching method emerged in 1970s, created by J.E. Asher. This method attempts to adapt the process of infants’ first language acquisition, into the teaching of second and foreign language. Asher claims that kids acquire their first language by listening to their parents commands, comprehending, executing, and then uttering the words. It implicates in the creation of language teaching material in form of lists of imperative sentences graded based on the grammatical complexity, which causes TPR seems to be a grammar based method. Attempts to imitate first language acquisition in second or foreign language classes practically requires the teacher to demonstrate at the same time as uttering commands to be acted by the student, in which the students are not required to repeat the words. It is considered as the reflection of what happens when children communicate with their parents. In spite of the deep first language acquisition adoption, J.E. Asher claims that TPR teaching practice is based on three principles which cover the relationship between physical and brain activity, involvement of left brain and right brain, and creation of free stress learning atmosphere.

THE FORMS OF REQUESTING IMPERATIVE SENTENCES IN 'DJARUM 76' CIGARETTE ADVERTISEMENTS (BENTUK-BENTUK KALIMAT IMPERATIF PERMINTAAN PADA IKLAN ROKOK 'DJARUM 76')

This study focused on the structures of requesting imperative sentences of Djarum 76 cigarette advertisement. The researchers tried to explain the types, structures, and markers on verbal requests which appear on Djarum 76 advertisements on TV during 2009-2014. This study applied descriptive qualitative method. The data were requesting sentences in the advertisements of Djarum 76 which wre taken from Youtube website. The process of data collection involved watching, listening, and note taking technique. Meanwhile, for data analysis, the researchers applied distributional method. The results of this study show that: (1) not all requesting sentences on Djarum 76 advertisements omitted their subjects which referred to the speakers; (2) the requests could be expressed in different ways, such as by using a minor sentence and not a clause which refer to the previous sentence as well as using nominal phrase (e.g.kuda poni) as what appeared on six advertisements. In addition, requesting sentences on advertisement of Djarum 76 had some different markers for requesting sentences compared to what is stated in the existing theories, such in the use of the words mau, pengin, dan jadikan contrasted to the common term minta.

ФУНКЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ІМПЕРАТИВА У ВИСЛОВЛЕННЯХ РЕЛІГІЙНОЇ СЕМАНТИКИ (на матеріалі творів Г. Ф. Квітки-Основ'яненка)

The proposed article deals with the issue of the specific language of religious semantics as unique products of the thinking and speech activity of Ukrainians in view of the nature of their spiritual worldview. The relevance of the study is caused by necessity to follow up the realization of the peculiarities of Ukrainian’s appeals to God. The main task of the article is the analysis of the actual material, collected by the method of a complete sample from the works of H. F. Kvitka-Osnovianenko. The purpose of the proposed study is to reveal the specifics of the linguistic design of appeals of Ukrainians to God. It is indicated on the specifies the structural features of sentences that can express appeal to God, their functional-semantic peculiarity. An attempt to determine the functionality of the predicate-imperative as a center-forming element, including the transformed phraseologized sentences-interjections, was made. The examples of man’s conversion to God are statements presented in the form of imperative sentences with a clearly defined constituent in the form of an imperative (at the grammatical level). The imperative is quite suitable for the expression of various functional-semantic types of appeal to God. The vocative together with the predicate-imperative are the semantic-grammatical center of imperative religious sentences-statements. The ability of the imperative-vocative combination to transform into exclamatory sentence-phraseological units allows us to ascertain the functional potential of imperatives in the statements of religious semantics. Key words: imperative, imperative sentence, religious semantics, exclamatory sentences, communicators.

An Analysis of Imperative Sentences of the Martian Movie and Their Subtitling

This study concerns with the "An Analysis of Imperative Sentences of The Martian Movie And Their Subtitling". This study purposes problems are What the types of Imperative Sentence on the Martian Movie and their subtitling?. The main objective of this study is to know the imperative sentence of the martian movie and its subtitling. Therefore, this analysis used a descriptive qualitative method, documentation technique is used in collecting the data. By this method, the writer uses the subtitling of The Martian movie as the source of data. Based on the findings, the writer found that there are 2 types of imperative sentences, namely; (1) positive imperative sentence consisting of 70 data or 84.33%, and (2) negative imperative sentence consisting of 13 data or 15.67%. The most occurred was a positive imperative sentence consisting of 70 data or 84.33%.

VERB FEATURE DIFFERENCES IN INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS STUDY

AbstractThis study contrasted verb features that exist in Indonesian and English imperative sentences. The contrastive analysis is used to make the second language or foreign language learners understand more easily on the target language being learnt. In this case, the study tried to contrast Indonesian language as L1 and English as L2. The data that were used in this study were taken from two sources; Indonesian and English Grammar. The grammar was sorted specifically only on imperative sentences that were collected through attentive observation method and is continued by notetaking technique. Hence, some imperative sentences that were collected were then be analyzed by comparing language units with determining tools in form of comparative relationship between all determining elements that are relevant with all the determined language units. The result revealed that there were some similarities and differences in the verb features of Indonesian and English imperative sentences. Both Indonesian and English mostly use base verb to form imperative sentences, in some cases, they also use suffixes. Also, they attach marker words to form negative and to soften the imperative sentence. On the contrary, some contrasts were found in the existence of passive form, the use of suffixes, the distribution of some markers, the use of auxiliary verbs, and the existence of inversion form.Keywords: Contrastive Study, English, Imperative sentences, Indonesian, Verb Features

VARIASI LINGUISTIK BAHASA TETUN MASYARAKAT MATRILINEAL SUKU TETUN DI BELU, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

This qualitative research focused on the linguistic variations of the matrilineal society of Tetun ethnic background in Belu, East Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study is to describe differences in the use of prosodic features, lexicons, and imperative sentences between men and women. The informants were determined by using a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected by means of nonparticipatory method through recording technique and interviews. The result of this study indicates that there are differences in the linguistic variations between men and women. In terms of prosodic features, women tend to lengthen a vowel sound at the end of a word. In the lexicon level, the word he’e ‘yes’ is used by men and women in formal and informal situation whereas hi’i ‘yes’ is used only by women in informal situation. In addition, there is a difference in the use of address terms. Women use mane and bo’o for boys while men use bete and bu’i for girls in addressing their children. In the syntactic level, men use more varied types of imperative sentences. The data show that although women occupy a superordinate position in the society, they tend to use more polite imperative utterances.

Bentuk Lingual dalam Meme pada Grup Whatsapp

This study examines the lingual forms especially the morphological process and the lingual form of sentences based on the communicative values contained in the meme of the whatsapp group. The things discussed will reveal the lingual forms of words and sentences in meme on whatsapp group. This study aims to identify, classify, and analyze the lingual forms in meme on whatsapp group. This research is descriptive qualitative with a linguistic approach. The method of data collection uses the referred method. The method of data analysis uses a matching method with basic and advanced techniques. The results of the study show that there are six lingual forms of words according to the morphological processes in the meme of the whatsapp group, which consist of zero derivation, affixation (prefix, suffix, confix, and combination of affixes), reduplication (dwilingga and dwiwasana), abbreviation (decapitation, abbreviation, contractions, and acronyms), composition, and reverse derivation. The result of the study of the lingual sentence shows that there are four types of sentences, namely declarative sentences, interrogative sentences (total and partial interrogatives), imperative sentences (common imperatives, requests, invitation, and imperative), and empathic sentences in meme on whatsapp group.Keywords: shapes, lingual, words, sentences, memes

‘-어 있(다)’ 구문의 상적 특성과 명령문 구성의 제한

‘-어 있(다)’ 구문의 상적 특성과 명령문 구성의 제한