Hydrazyl Radical Scavenging Research Articles

Comparative analysis of phenolic content and antioxidant power between parasitic Phoradendron californicum (toji) and their hosts from Sonoran Desert

Parasitic plants, such as toji acquire nutrients through xylem of the host plants. To investigate the influence of parasitic-host interactions on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity from arid sites of Sonora, Mexico is the objective of this research. Organic and aqueous extracts from trees (stems) such as Prosopis glandulosa (Mesquite), Olneya tesota (Palo fierro), Parkinsonia aculeata (Palo verde), Acacia farnesiana (Vinorama), Quercus sp. (Encino o Oak), and Phoradendron californicum (toji) were collected in an arid zone. Each plant was analyzed for phytochemical screening, phenolic composition using Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3, DNP methods and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. In vitro the antioxidant properties were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and superoxide radical scavenging (O2). Pearson correlation was used for quantifying the relationship between phenolic content and antioxidant activity in toji compared to their non-parasitic hosts. The highest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity was found in the parasitic toji (Phoradendron californicum) compared to their hosts. Some correlations (r > 0.5, P < 0.01) between Mesquite or Vinorama (hosts) and toji secondary compounds (flavonoids and tannins) and between Oak and toji phenols and tannins could indicate that toji (parasite) might get some chemical compounds transferred from the host xylem.

In-vitro Re-evaluation of Antioxidant activity by 2, 2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl Free Radical (DPPH) Assay in Medicinal Plants of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Medicinal plants are a major source of raw materials on the globe from ancient to present century for the traditional system like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. Even the modern system of medicine has more than 25 percent of drugs in use which are either plant based or plant products. In day to day life, particularly in India people are suffering from menacing health diseases from common cold to amnesia and poisonous snake bites. These diseases can be treated by using some herbal extracts from plants which has antioxidant activity. Medicinal plants like Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Lawsonia intermis, Murraya koenigii, Curcuma longa and Cuminum cymium belonging to different families play a vital role in day to day usage of different indigenous communities due to its sacred and medicinal value. Recently there has been an upsurge of interest in the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as antioxidants. In the course of finding potential antioxidant from plant source, six medicinal tree species belonging to different families has been selected. Leaves were dried and extracted with methanol solvent systems. Antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay, of six extracts from six genus of different families are reported and a comparison of the free radical scavenging ability of the extracts is emphasized. The highest percentage of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity is found in Azadirachta indica (81.8% of inhibition) which shows antimicrobial, anti inflammatory and anticancerous properties where Ascorbic acid (68.5 µg/ml) is taken as standard for comparison.

Phytochemical, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of Anthurium Hookerii leaves Extracts

Many plants of the family of Araceae possess significant benefit as medicinal plants. Anthurium hookerii is herbaceous genus of the family of Araceae. A. hookerii leaves were extracted with five dissimilarity solvents (methanolic, water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and dichloromethane). The extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical, total phenolic contents, and antibacterial potential. The presences of tannins and saponins were found in all crude extracts. The steroid was only found in dichloromethane extract, whereas flavonoid was obtained in methanol and water extracts. Besides; methanol, ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane extracts showed triterpenoid contents. Alkaloid presences in ethyl acetate, methanolic, dichloromethane, and water extracts. The total phenol content was examined by Follin-Ciocalteu assay, which varied from 9.52-76.56 mg/g GAE. The highest total phenolic was found in methanol extract. Antioxidant activity was calculated based on diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging ability that showed the scavenging activity with range 7.24-66.11%, which the methanoilic extract have the excellent antioxidant potential (IC50 232.90 µg/ml). Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of A. hookerii was screened based on disc diffusion method. Water extract showed the wide spectrum antibacterial potential. Klebsiella sp., Bacillus subtilis, Pripioni agnes, and Strepticoccus mutans with maximum diameter of inhibition zone 10.30, 14.20, 9.60, and 15.10 mm, respectively.

A meglumine catalyst–based synthesis, molecular docking, and antioxidant studies of dihydropyrano[3, 2‐b]chromenedione derivatives

AbstractA simple method was employed for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[3, 2‐b]chromenedione derivatives (4a‐o)in high yields by condensation of 5, 5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1, 3‐dione(1), different aromatic aldehydes (2a‐o), and 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one(3), using meglumine as a stable and reusable catalyst. Meglumine, an amino sugar, was employed as an environmentally benign catalyst, due to its splendid properties such as being inexpensive, recyclable, and biodegradable. The accomplished protocol employs low catalyst loading and easy work‐up for the synthesis of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one derivatives. A great asset is that without any significant loss, the catalyst could be recovered and reused for extended synthetic steps. This offer huge advantage to overcome recyclability issues. Our synthesized compounds were analyzed by IR,1H,13C NMR, mass spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant properties by 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging methods. The correlation in exhibition of antioxidant activity was effective at all doses. The binding interactions and molecular docking studies for entitled compounds were studied against 3MNG protein;4kexhibited marked binding affinity with excellent docking score of −7.6 Kcal/mol and emerged as a lead compound.

Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

AbstractA series of 2-methylthio-pyrido-triazolopyrimidines (1-17) were prepared by the reaction of dimethyl-N-cyanoimidodithiocarbonate with hydrazinopyridine carboxylic acid as starting reactants. Their chemical structures were affirmed with HREI-MS, IR and NMR analyses. The target compounds (1-17) were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power capability (RPC). The results revealed that some pyrido-triazolopyrimidines showed good activity as antioxidant agents, in particular, compounds 12 and 15 were found to possess good antioxidant activity. Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) was used as reference drug.

Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potential of Pulicaria incisa (lam.) DC as a folk medicinal plant

The species belonging to the genus Pulicaria are well known for their traditional uses in folklore medicine, active chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the active constituents, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potential of Pulicaria incisa (lam.) DC extracts. Ethyl acetate and diethyl ether extracts of the dried aerial parts of P. incisa were prepared. The active secondary constituents (alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins) were quantitatively determined. The active constituents in the ethyl acetate extract were higher than those of diethyl ether extract. The ethyl acetate extract expressed higher antioxidant activity in terms of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging assay in comparison with ascorbic acid as a reference standard. The antimicrobial activity analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract expressed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Erwinia carotovora and Candida albicans while that of diethyl ether expressed activity against Bacillus subtillis, Erwinia carotovora and Candida albicans. In conclusion the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of the studied extracts of P. incisa may be attributed to its richness with the medicinally active metabolites.

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND BIOACTIVES OF A COSMECEUTICALLY SIGNIFICANT CHLORELLA EMERSONII KJ725233

Objective : Gamma radiation induces free radicals with a corresponding alteration in the cell’s antioxidant defense system. The present study thus aimed at determining the role of gamma irradiation in improving the cosmeceutical potential of CEK in terms of antioxidants.&#x0D; Methods : C.emersonii KJ725233 was subjected to low (100 Gy) and high (1000 Gy) gamma irradiation doses and its effect on the chlorophyll content was evaluated. The quantitative alterations in the antioxidant content of CEK were evaluated by phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2, 2 - Dipheny-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Also, the corresponding qualitative alterations in the bioactives of CEK were determined by GC-HRMS analysis. &#x0D; Results : A 179.57±2.55% increase in the total chlorophyll content alongwith a 71.76±2.96%, 32.08±2.16%, 11.67±0.89%, 42.85±8.0% and 31.37±3.18% increase was observed in the TAC, FRAP, DPPH radical scavenging, TPC and TFC was observed in CEK irradiated at 1000 Gy. GC-HRMS analysis revealed the induction of Vitamin E on irradiation at both the doses with a corresponding decrease in the phytol content whereas 100 Gy stimulated the induction of phytosterols.&#x0D; Conclusion : The potent intrinsic antioxidant activity of cosmeceutically significant CEK can be elevated with the induction of the most sought after antioxidant in cosmetology – Vitamin E on irradiation.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Caspian Saffron (Crocus caspius Fisch and Mey) Flowers against CCl4- Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice

Background and objectivesFree radicals and other oxidants have important roles in liver cell toxicity. Some natural products are potent scavengers of oxidative agents. Crocus caspius is an endemic species of Caspian forest. Flowers of Crocus genus contain phenolic compound and carotenoid as antioxidant agent. This study investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Crocus caspius Fisch and Mey flowers (Caspian saffron) hydro-alcoholic extract (CCFE) against acute oxidative hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice.MethodsThe antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Crocus caspius flowers were investigated for presence of certain phytochemicals and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. For evaluation of hepatoprotective activity, the BALB/c mice were pre-treated with 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg, of the extract intraperitoneally for 5 days and then received CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg, in olive oil). Liver injury was determined by serum biochemical markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutathione content of liver tissue and histopathological studies.ResultsThe phytochemical screening in Caspian saffron flowers indicated the presence of carotenoids, saponins, sterols, flavonoids, and tannins. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay (IC50 171.5 µg/mL). Pre-treatment groups with the extract demonstrated significant decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP (p<0.05) and concomitant increase in GSH content (p<0.05). Histopathological observation determined hepatocellular protective effects of the extract.ConclusionThe results represented the protective activity of the extract against oxidative hepatotoxicity.

Antioxidant activity and identification of food proteins by digestive enzyme supplementation and fermentation with Lactobacillus kefiri

Casein, gluten, and soy protein are widely used in food processing for structure, texture, and flavour improvement. These large proteins might be hydrolysed to shorter peptides or amino acids, which provide antioxidant activities through enzymatic and fermentative food processes. Casein, gluten, and soy protein were digested with an enzyme supplement product containing dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and protease in this study. Then, each protein was hydrolysed by Lactobacillus kefiri strain. 2,2, diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power (RP) were measured for undigested and digested samples. According to our results, all proteins were hydrolysed. Soy protein demonstrated the highest IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of DPPH for undigested (2.64 mg/ml) and digested samples (1.56 mg/ml) as well as the highest RP value (0.171 for undigested and 0.234 for digested at 700 nm). On the other hand, casein provided the weakest DPPH radical scavenging activity (1.58 ± 0.041% for undigested and 21.86 ± 0.012% for digested samples). A strong correlation was found between cell growth and antioxidant activity of casein during the microbial fermentation. In addition, the changes in protein expression levels by microbial fermentation were analysed by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Mass spectrometry-based protein identification studies revealed that EF-G, DNA-K, and DNA-J were mainly overexpressed indicating L. kefiri adapts itself by changing the overall proteome.

Determination of antioxidant potential of biochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera gel extract

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by using plant extracts is presently under development. The study has been focused on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel as well as to determine their antioxidant potential. UV-Vis spectrophotometeric analysis showed surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) band at 440 nm, which is specific for AgNPs. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 66.6 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis of the aqueous extract before and after the synthesis of AgNPs revealed the presence of different functional groups related to phenolic and polyphenolic compounds such as tannins and flavonoids, and other metabolites like proteins, which may be responsible for the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized AGAgNPs was determined by using 2, 2 Diphenyl-1- Picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating and reducing power assay. Antioxidant assessment showed enhanced dose dependent antioxidant potential of the synthesized AgNPs as compared to the crude extract, which can gain attention of the pharmaceutical industry for preparation of antioxidants of natural origin as the synthetic ones are suspected to be carcinogenic. Present study also supports the advantages of green method for the nanoparticles synthesis.

Antioxidant activities and molecular docking of 2-thioxobenzo[g]quinazoline derivatives

BackgroundOxidative stress and related diseases resulting from the overproduction of free radicals can be counteracted by designing and developing novel antioxidative agents that can protect the human body against the damage caused by free radicals.MethodsThe present study evaluated the antioxidant activities of 15 derivatives of 2-thioxobenzo[g]quinazoline using three different assays: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power capability, and ferric reduction antioxidant power.ResultsSome benzoquinazolines had good activity and had the capacity to deplete DPPH and free radicals compared to a positive control butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). A docking study identified the possible interactions between binding models and the antioxidant activities of the target compounds.ConclusionsThe active compounds can be used as templates for further development of more potent antioxidative agents.

Isolation and characterization of antioxidant constituents of the fruit of &lt;i&gt;Telfairia occidentalis&lt;/i&gt; Hook F (Cucurbitaceae)

Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant property of the fruit of Telfairia occidentalis and isolate the components responsible for the antioxidant activity.Methods: The fruit pericarp was macerated with methanol and the extract obtained successively partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging, total antioxidant and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. The n-hexane fraction, which had the highest DPPH scavenging and total antioxidant activities, was subjected to column and thin layer chromatography to isolate the components. The isolated compounds were identified by ultraviolet-visible (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.Results: Among the fractions tested, n-hexane had the best total antioxidant activity of 99.44 % at 20 mg/ml (p &lt; 0.05) compared to ascorbic acid at 99.71 % of 20 mg/ml. This fraction also had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of all the fractions (p &lt; 0.05) at all test concentrations. For nitric oxide scavenging activity, the whole extract, and the chloroform and aqueous fractions exhibited activity ranging from 92.29 to 97.66 % compared to 98.93 % for ascorbic acid. The hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the extract and fractions ranged from 92.60 to 96.23 % compared with of the standard, ascorbic acid (101.68 %). The major components of the n-hexane fractions were α- amyrin and β-amyrin.Conclusion: The fruit pericarp of Telfairia occidentalis possesses good DPPH radical scavenging activity. This is the first time the antioxidant activity of the fruit (pericarp) and the presence of α- and β- amyrins in Telfairia occidentalis have been reported.Keywords: Telfairia occidentalis, Fluted pumpkin, Amyrin, Antioxidants

EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN Moringa oliefera Lam. EXTRACTS ON CYTOTOXICITY OF MCF-7 CELL LINE

Moringa olifera Lam. which called Miracle tree was an enormous usage of medical, nutritional and economic benefits so its leaves and roots extracts were vitro examined for phytochemicals contents, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line. Leaves and roots both extracts were estimate using 2,2-di phenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The leaves aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts contained a significantly (p<0.05) more phenolic compounds than root extracts, while roots ethyl acetate extracts were significantly more active in DPPH assay comparing with aqueous extracts . However, the leaves aqueous extract and roots ethyl extracts were contained high values flavonoids compound but in case of phenolic compounds the aqueous roots ex tract recorded the greatest highest number followed by the leaves ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extractions for leaves and roots have a high inhibition percentage against breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line comparing with aqueous extracts.

Nutritional composition, mineral content, antioxidant activity and quantitative estimation of water soluble vitamins and phenolics by RP-HPLC in some lesser used wild edible plants

The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional properties and antioxidant activities of six underutilized wild edible plants viz. Ipomoea aquatica, Achyranthes aspera, Aasystasia ganjetica, Enhydra fluctuans, Oldenlandia corymbosa and Amaranthus viridis that are commonly consumed as food in the India The antioxidant properties of the plants were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging ability, reducing power capacity, metal chelating activity, lipid peroxidation assay, estimation of total phenolic content and flavonoids content in different solvent extraction system like benzene, chloroform, methanol and 70% aqueous (aq.) ethanol. The quantitation of phenolic acids and flavonoids and water soluble vitamins in these plants were carried out by HPLC using Acclaim C 18 column (5 μm particle size, 250 × 4.6 mm), Dionex Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph and detection was carried out in photo diode array (PDA) detector. The results of investigation showed that these plants are rich sources of protein, carbohydrate minerals and vitamins, especially the B group of vitamins that can contribute immensely to nutrition, food security, and health and therapeutic benefits. The different levels of antioxidant activities were found in the solvent systems used. The HPLC analysis also showed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in various amounts in these plants which could be utilized as natural antioxidant.

Volatiles Profiling, Allelopathic Activity, and Antioxidant Potentiality of Xanthium Strumarium Leaves Essential Oil from Egypt: Evidence from Chemometrics Analysis.

The essential oil (EO) of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves (family: Asteraceae) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-three essential compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenoids represented the major constituents (72.4%), including oxygenated (61.78%) and non-oxygenated (10.62%) sesquiterpenes, followed by monoterpenes (25.19%). The diterpenoids and oxygenated hydrocarbons were determined as minor compounds. The main constituents of the EO were 1,5-dimethyltetralin (14.27%), eudesmol (10.60%), l-borneol (6.59%), ledene alcohol (6.46%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (5.36%), isolongifolene, 7,8-dehydro-8a-hydroxy (5.06%), L-bornyl acetate (3.77%), and aristolene epoxide (3.58%). A comparative analysis was stated here between the EO of Egyptian X. strumarium and those previously reported from Pakistan, Iran, and Brazil based on chemometic tools such as principal components analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The EO of X. strumarium showed weak 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC50 321.93 µL/L−1, which was comparable to ascorbic acid as a reference. However, the EO exhibited significant allelopathic potential regarding the germination and growth of the noxious weed Bidens pilosa in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, further study is recommended to characterize the EO from X. strumarium as an eco-friendly green bioherbicide against weeds, as well as determine their mode of actions.

In Vitro Antioxidant potential of Microbial isolates from Diverse Habitats

Microbial extracts have served as a treasured source of diverse molecules in many drug discovery efforts and led to the discovery of several important drugs. Identification of microbial strains having promising biological activities and purifying the bio-molecules responsible for the activities, have led to the discovery of many bioactive molecules. Extracellular and intracellular extracts of the metabolites of thirty-six bacterial and twenty-four fungal isolates, grown under unusual conditions such as high temperature, high sodium chloride and low glucose concentrations, were in vitro tested for their antioxidant potential by diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method , ABTS [2, 2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging and superoxide radical scavenging by alkaline DMSO nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) methods. Among the extracellular and intracellular extracts of bacterial and fungal isolates, F-15E showed the maximum antioxidant potential with IC50 of 188.32±0.42 µg/ml by DPPH method. While maximum superoxide radical scavenging ability was shown by F-21E with an IC50 value of 134.01±1.61 µg/ml. In case of ABTS radical scavenging studies, it is interesting to note that the extracellular ethyl acetate extract of F-12 showed an IC50 value of 10.57±0.14 µg/ml, which was better than standard ascorbic acid. Fungal extracts were more effective as antioxidants than bacterial extracts and extracellular fungal metabolites exhibited maximum antioxidant activity than intracellular metabolites.

농업형질 및 생리활성 평가를 통한 황기 단간 계통 선발

Background: Astragalus membranaceus belonging to the Leguminosae family is often utilized as a traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to elucidate the basic breeding information required to develop short stem A. membranaceus cultivars.BR Methods and Results: Roots of A. membranaceus advanced yield trial (AYT) lines were harvested in late October 2017. Root yield of six AYT lines were increased in a range of 8.9 - 74.8% compared with ‘Aseong’ as control (check variety). The height of seven AYT lines were shorter than that of ‘Aseong’. In addition, stem diameter of nine AYT lines was thicker than that of ‘Aseong’. Consequently, 1502-56, 1503-90, and 1510-80 were selected as elite lines for the development of short stem cultivars. HPLC analysis was perfromed to identify lines with high level active components such as calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and calycosin. The levels of both active components were higher in 1502-56, and 1503-90, but not in 1510-80 compared to ‘Aseong’. In addition, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was higher in the 1502-56 compared to ‘Aseong’. Considering these results, two AYT lines, 1502-56 and 1503-90 were selected as short stem lines with high calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and calycosin content.BR Conclusions: Taken together, Two short stem lines were identified in this study. In our future study, regional yield trial (RYT) will be conducted using these selected lines to develop new cultivars.

EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS L. AND ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA L.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactive, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of medicinal plants Erythrina variegata L., and Sauropus androgynus L.Methods: Total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, total antioxidant capacity, 1, 1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and reducing power assay of the extracts were determined by spectrophotometric methods.Results: Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content was more in E. variegata compared to S. androgynus, and the alkaloid, saponin, and carotenoid content was high in S. androgynus. The overall antioxidant activity of S. androgynus was found to be higher than E. variegata. Antibacterial activities of the selected plants were studied against human pathogenic organisms, namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The present study reveals that the selected plants would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their natural antioxidant activity; further characterization of the phenolic composition is needed and could be harnessed as drug formulation.

PHYTOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING HYGROPHILA AURICULATA LEAF EXTRACT AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES

Objective: In this study, the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extracts of Hygrophila auriculata (HA) and their biological activities was investigated.Methods: The synthesis of AgNPs was done by using the green synthetic method and analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antibacterial activity of HA AgNPs was studied by agar well diffusion method and micro broth dilution method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antioxidant potentials of HA AgNPs were detected by Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power assay.Results: The prepared HA AgNPs showed characteristic absorption peak at 420 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. FTIR spectra had shown that the biomolecules present in leaf extract were responsible for the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. XRD study showed the particles found to be crystalline in nature, with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. TEM and DLS results revealed that the AgNPs were mostly spherical with an average size ranging from ~15-115 nm with a mean diameter of 40.96 nm. The HA AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity and MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus cereus (NCIM 2106), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). In agar well diffusion method, the maximum zone of inhibition was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) with 18 mm and minimum zone of inhibition was found to be against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) with 13 mm. The MIC of the HA AgNp was found to be 5µg against all the test organisms. In addition, the Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power assay revealed they can be used as the potential scavenger against deleterious damages caused by the free radicals.Conclusion: The present study explored that Hygrophila auriculata which are efficient producers of AgNPs and could act as safe and cost-effective with potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities. These findings encourage studying HA AgNP further for their potential biological applications.

The Influence of Organs on Biochemical Properties of Tunisian Thuja occidentalis Essential Oils

In this study, the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil (EO) extracts (from leaves and cones) of the Tunisian Thuja occidentalis were evaluated. The composition of the leaf EO extract was more complex than that of the cones. The major components of the leaf EO extract were α-Pinene (34.4%), cedrol (13.17%), and β-Phellandrene (8.04%), while the composition of the cone EO extract was characterized by the predominance of α-Pinene (58.55%) and 3-Carene (24.08%). All EO extracts showed much better antioxidant activity than Trolox against 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, but EOs extracted from leaves exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity. All EOs showed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against nine tested foodborne microorganisms (Bacillus cereus American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 1247, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Aeromonas hydrophila EI, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 6017, Aspergillus flavus (foodborne isolate), and Aspergillus niger CTM 10099. The highest antimicrobial activities by disk diffusion assay were recorded for the EOs extracted from leaves, while no difference in potency was marked between leaf and cone EO extracts by the agar dilution method. The most potent antimicrobial activity was recorded among fungi. This study confirms the strong antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of EO extracts from the Tunisian T. occidentalis (from the Sidi Bou Said site), highlighting its potential as a natural preservative against foodborne pathogens, particularly against E. coli and S. typhimurium.