Volatiles Profiling, Allelopathic Activity, and Antioxidant Potentiality of Xanthium Strumarium Leaves Essential Oil from Egypt: Evidence from Chemometrics Analysis.

Ahmed El-Gawad,Abdulaziz Assaeed,Abdelsamed Elshamy,Abd El Gendy,Ahmed Gaara

doi:10.3390/molecules24030584

Abstract

The essential oil (EO) of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves (family: Asteraceae) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-three essential compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenoids represented the major constituents (72.4%), including oxygenated (61.78%) and non-oxygenated (10.62%) sesquiterpenes, followed by monoterpenes (25.19%). The diterpenoids and oxygenated hydrocarbons were determined as minor compounds. The main constituents of the EO were 1,5-dimethyltetralin (14.27%), eudesmol (10.60%), l-borneol (6.59%), ledene alcohol (6.46%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (5.36%), isolongifolene, 7,8-dehydro-8a-hydroxy (5.06%), L-bornyl acetate (3.77%), and aristolene epoxide (3.58%). A comparative analysis was stated here between the EO of Egyptian X. strumarium and those previously reported from Pakistan, Iran, and Brazil based on chemometic tools such as principal components analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The EO of X. strumarium showed weak 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC50 321.93 µL/L−1, which was comparable to ascorbic acid as a reference. However, the EO exhibited significant allelopathic potential regarding the germination and growth of the noxious weed Bidens pilosa in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, further study is recommended to characterize the EO from X. strumarium as an eco-friendly green bioherbicide against weeds, as well as determine their mode of actions.

Highlights

From ancient times, the essential oils (EOs) of herbal plants and other plant extracts have attracted the attention and interest of researchers as sources of bioactive natural products
It is worth mentioning here that the EO from X. strumarium in the present study revealed double fold the allelopathic activity against B. pilosa than those from Cullen plicata [7]
The present study revealed that the chemical composition of the EO from the leaves of

Summary

Introduction

The essential oils (EOs) of herbal plants and other plant extracts have attracted the attention and interest of researchers as sources of bioactive natural products. On the other hand, using synthetic herbicides has exhibited harmful effects on the environment, Molecules 2019, 24 and human health, in addition to the appearance of herbicide-resistant weeds [3]. Allelopathy different parts ofstress; plantthey materials significant sources for selective health from in relation to oxidative damageoffers the cell components, resulting in cellular biological and injurythrough in the form inflammation, as well as cardiovascular and cancer [2]. Produced weed metabolic management theofrelease and production of allelochemicals [4].diseases The EOs. On theplant other parts hand, using synthetic herbicides advantage has exhibitedsuch harmful on theagainst environment, from different provide an ecological as effects protection predators, and human health, in addition to the appearance of herbicide-resistant [3]. The EOs plant growth and inhibiting seed germination [8,9]

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