Growth In Trading Volume Research Articles

Global hake production and trade: Insights for food security and supply chain resilience

Hake, a key species in global seafood trade, substantially influences market dynamics and consumption patterns. This study delves into the global hake trade network (HGTN), spotlighting the roles and connections of key countries such as Spain, Namibia, Argentina, South Africa, the USA, and Italy, with Spain being the primary importer and countries like Namibia and South Africa notable exporters. Our findings unveil a multifaceted trade network, with Spain and Namibia as central nodes, and reveal growth in trade volume and value, signifying an evolving marketplace. The network’s susceptibility to economic, political, and ecological shifts underscores the necessity for resilient, adaptable trading practices to sustainably manage hake trade. Our findings emphasise the importance of managing resources and maintaining market balance to support global food security and reflect the dynamic seafood industry.

Worldwide Pandemic Impacts: A Malaysian Case Study

This widespread pandemic has wreaked on the shipping and maritime industries not only in China, but also in ports around the world. Maritime is not resistant to pandemics, and it is much more difficult to manage due to the dynamic surface. That is why Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) was developed to more efficiently administer, assess, and monitor all marine activities. The aim of this the study is to analyze the pandemic from the standpoint of the pros and cons to the Malaysia as maritime country. This study used a variety of sample papers as references to reveal information from an engineering database. It is then divided into four segment: port management, transportation, marine life, and supply chain. Each segment will be examined in greater depth using qualitative analysis. The findings highlight the significance of incorporating MSP into trade strategies for sustainable and efficient marine resource management, fostering economic growth, and promoting environmental sustainability. Additionally, it suggests potential quantitative projections for future researchers, including trade volume growth, economic and environmental impacts, infrastructure investments, and risk assessments. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of incorporating MSP into trade planning strategies to ensure sustainable and efficient utilization of marine resources.

Mapping of Capabilities and Export Opportunities of Czechia

Czechia is one of the most export-oriented countries, reaching high levels of economic complexity. However, its innovative capabilities remain limited. Taking these factors into consideration, we determined the country's optimal diversification path by identifying prospective export sectors which would enhance the country's competitiveness. We combine the product space and proximity methodologies on predicted export data together with a company-level analysis. We identified machinery for specialized industries and parts thereof (SITC 7284), machine-tools for specialized industries parts or accessories (SITC 7281) and power hand tools, pneumatic or non-electric, and parts thereof (SITC 7541) as the most prospective categories in terms of high complexity, expected trade volume growth, proximity to Czechia's existing production capabilities and manufacturing base operated by large, highly innovative Czech-owned firms.

The Causes of Agricultural Trade Growth between China and Central Asia under the Background of "the Belt and Road" -- An Empirical Analysis Based on CMS Model

Central Asia is rich in land, solar and thermal resources, as well as its agricultural labor force. It has superior conditions for agricultural production, which has strong complementarity with China in the agricultural field. Under the current complex international economic and political situation, strengthening cooperation between the two sides in the agricultural field can achieve win-win cooperation, which is also conducive to reversing the situation that developed countries restrict China's agricultural trade. The constant market share model (CMS) is used in this paper to empirical analyze the causes of agricultural trade growth between China and Central Asia from 1995 to 2021 based on UN COMTRADE data. The results show that the interaction between the promotion of the import scale of agricultural products and the improvement of its competitiveness is the main reason for the growth of agricultural exports of both sides; For classified agricultural products, the factors affecting the growth of export volume are different. The main factors restricting export volume growth of China and Central Asia are insufficient competitiveness and unreasonable export commodity structure respectively. In the new era, both sides should strengthen communication and cooperation, adjust the export structure of agricultural products and stabilize the competitiveness of it to further improve trade volume growth.

The impact of foreign trade liberalization on Albania’s economic growth: An econometrical approach

The relationship between economic growth and foreign trade was put in focus by many economists when foreign trade developed. The case of Free Trade is always associated with significant positive effects on foreign trade and economic growth. This paper explains the relationship between trade liberalization, foreign trade, and economic growth in Albania using annual economic development data for 1994-2019. This study is based on hypotheses for Causality Testing concerning the cointegration between GDP and foreign trade, trade liberalization and GDP, and GDP and exports in Albania. The ordinary least squares (OLS) model has been used. Empirical results for the Albanian case show that trade liberalization has a positive relationship with economic growth, exports, and imports. However, the multiple regression proved that GDP, Openness Index, FDI, and remittances positively impacted trade volume growth.

The Iconsistency of Czech Presidential Diplomacy and the Growth of Czech Foreign Trade with China

This paper analyzes the relation between the diplomatic activity of Czech presidents and the economic trend of bilateral trade between the Czech Republic and China during 1993-2019. The investigation is based on a statistical survey of diplomatic steps and economic figures. Although the policy of the first Czech President Václav Havel (1993-2003) was cautious towards China, Czech-Chinese bilateral trade exchange was nevertheless consistent and relatively balanced. In the period of President Václav Klaus (2003-2013), after the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU, the trend of trade balance continued to the detriment of Czech exports despite the trade volume growth. However, the decline of exports to China was similarly observed in other Central European countries. That was also a period when Czech presidential diplomatic acts towards China became more numerous. In the period of President Miloš Zeman (2013-until now), the diplomatic activity of the Czech President increased significantly according to the number of official visits and signed documents. Simultaneously, there has been a significant decline in Czech exports and Chinese reinvested profits in the Czech Republic. The authors substantiate the findings by quantitative analysis and describe the development of Czech presidential diplomacy from the perspective of Czech-Chinese economic relations during 1993-2019 as inconsistent.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of China's E-commerce Development on Export Trade

At home and abroad, this paper will concentrate on the perspective of the development of electronic commerce and the export trade development, draw lessons from advanced literature at home and abroad, and analyzes its limitations, establishing electronic commerce the influence mechanism of our country foreign trade export, and to our country's current e-commerce and the development of our country foreign trade status and the existing problems are studied. Finally, according to China's current policy and e-commerce market environment, put forward the strategy and suggestions to further expand e-commerce activities.China's e-commerce activities do have an important impact on China's export, and with the improvement of China's e-commerce level, the growth of trade volume will play a positive role in promoting China's export. Through the development of e-commerce activities, can significantly improve the export of a country's foreign trade, thus promoting the country's international trade. E-commerce can reduce international trade barriers between suppliers and the national consumers, through the logistics, information flow and cash flow, greatly reduces the country's purchase cost, reduce the cost of international suppliers, simplify the international market, improve the international suppliers and cooperation between countries, to produce more trade opportunities, promote the export of international trade.

Changes in Intra-regional Trade Structure and Trade Volume Growth in East Asia

Changes in Intra-regional Trade Structure and Trade Volume Growth in East Asia

Dynamics and Structure of Non-Tariff Measures Applied in International Trade

Trade volume growth in 2017, the strongest since 2011, was driven mainly by cyclical factors, particularly increased investment and consumption expenditure. The WTO is forecasting that global trade will expand in the coming years. The promising situation in international trade largely depends on the sustainability of global economic growth and the decisions of the largest countries’ governments regarding monetary, fiscal and especially trade policies. High uncertainty is associated with the implementation of negative scenarios in the event that some countries will apply protectionist measures and restrictive trade policy. Rising protectionism is a trend that has been strengthening in international trade for more than ten years. A new wave of protectionism was linked to the global financial and economic crisis. The recent steps taken by the United States administration to decrease trade deficit with the key partners, China in particular, are the most vivid example in this respect. Protectionism is reflected not only in the form of the introduction of tariff restrictions. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the role of non-tariff measures has grown significantly in the context of reducing tariff barriers in accordance with the WTO obligations and the rapid development of regional trade agreements. This article analyzes the dynamics and structure of non-tariff measures used in modern international trade and shows their relationship with the reduction of tariff restrictions and the development of preferential trade agreements. A similar analysis is done on the anti-dumping measures as one of the most common instruments of non-tariff regulation of international trade.

Shipping emission forecasts and cost-benefit analysis of China ports and key regions' control.

China established Domestic Emission Control Area (DECA) for sulphur since 2015 to constrain the increasing shipping emissions. However, future DECA policy-makings are not supported due to a lack of quantitive evaluations. To investigate the effects of current and possible Chinese DECAs policies, a model is presented for the forecast of shipping emissions and evaluation of potential costs and benefits of an DECA policy package set in 2020. It includes a port-level and regional-level projection accounting for shipping trade volume growth, share of ship types, and fuel consumption. The results show that without control measures, both SO2 and particulate matter (PM) emissions are expected to increase by 15.3-61.2% in Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta from 2013 to 2020. However, most emissions can be reduced annually by the establishment of a DECA that depends on the size of the control area and the fuel sulphur content limit. Costs range from 0.667 to 1.561 billion dollars (control regional shipping emissions) based on current fuel price. A social cost method shows the regional control scenarios benefit-cost ratios vary from 4.3 to 5.1 with large uncertainty. Chemical transportation model combined with health model method is used to get the monetary health benefits and then compared with the results from social cost method. This study suggests that Chinese DECAs will reduce the projected emissions at a favorable benefit-cost ratio, and furthermore proposes policy combinations that provide high cost-effective benefits as a reference for future policy-making.

Economic analysis on PRICO process for natural gas liquefaction based on TCI criteria

Liquefied Natural Gas has become a global fuel with an annual trade volume growth of more than 7%, an expected growth of 6.7% per year until 2020 and with a current trade volume of over 240 million tons. There were seven main liquefaction technologies in use, the most common one being the PRICO process, also known as Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR). PRICO LNG process comprises of only single mixed refrigerant and one NG stream, thus makes it the simplest LNG process exists so far. This paper applies economic analysis to a PRICO process to determine the Total Capital Investment (TCI). The analysis in this paper using the results that was obtained from energetic analysis by executed the simulation using DWSIM software. The results obtained after calculated the TCI later is discussed with a few criteria of TCI itself.

World trade forecasts upgraded, but headwinds from Asia

▀ Most leading indicators of world trade point to growth remaining robust in the next few months, but there are some headwinds, especially from Asia. Overall, we expect trade growth to decelerate this year, yet the outlook has improved since August. We see world trade rising by 6.1% in 2017 and by 4.8% this year, up from our previous forecasts of 5.7% and 3.8%, respectively. ▀ The latest trade volume data for the major economies support our forecasts, as does our survey‐based export indicator, which leads trade by around three months. This indicator and the main measure of global freight volumes are consistent with world trade continuing to grow by around 6% y/y in the near term. ▀ World trade growth is likely to be supported by emerging markets (EMs), which made a large contribution to the trade recovery last year. Another factor that may be supportive – especially for EMs – is the slippage in the US dollar last year, as there is some evidence of a negative correlation between dollar strength and world trade. ▀ The recovery of demand in the Eurozone and expected fiscal stimulus in the US add to the positive constellation of factors supporting world trade growth. Business sentiment indicators remain positive and imply upside risks to our forecasts. Yet it is not obvious that they have a strong leading relationship with trade – and the statistical relationship has become weaker since 2007–2009. This reinforces our view that there has been a structural change in the relationship between world trade and world GDP. ▀ The main near‐term downside risks to world trade come from Asia. Freight indicators for Shanghai and Hong Kong have slowed markedly, as have semiconductor billings. Although Chinese activity indicators have also moderated, China's trade volume growth remains surprisingly strong.

A Panel Data Analysis of Chinas Trade Pattern with OPEC Members: Gravity Model Approach

In this study, we have endeavoured to explain China’s trade pattern with OPEC member countries by employing gravity model over the period 1990-2016. The estimation results demonstrate that the gravity equation fits the data pragmatically. China was the first biggest oil importer worldwide with about 73 per cent of her oil coming from OPEC member countries. In fact, energy can be considered as the most traded commodity and also the core reason for the trade volume growth between China and the OPEC member countries in last two decades. We have confirmed that China’s bilateral trade with OPEC members positively impacts on GDP, income (GDP per capita), trade openness in China and the WTO member countries in OPEC. While negatively influence on distance (trade cost) and supports Linder hypothesis. Depreciation in bilateral exchange rates also negatively influence on China’s bilateral trade with OPEC.

The Impact of Logistics Efficiency and Free Trade Agreements on Global Trade: Focusing on Total Trade Value

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, and to examine the effects of lower tariffs resulting from free trade agreements. In order to measure the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, the export and import trade volume among 53 countries was introduced as the dependent variable. Macroeconomic indicators including annual average tariff rate, logistics efficiency indicators for port, air, railroad, road and container vessel connectivity, as well as dummy variables such as whether a free trade agreement was signed, were introduced as the explanatory variables. Bilateral panel data between trading nations was used to estimate the gravity panel model, and analysis followed the categorization: 1) separate inputs of the five logistics efficiency variables and 2) one aggregated input of the five variables as a single indicator. The analysis found that logistics efficiency had a statistically significant impact on bilateral trade volume growth, while the impact of lowering tariff rates on increasing trade was insignificant. In addition, logistics efficiency was found to have a greater impact on increasing trade volume than free trade agreements. These results imply that trade can be promoted more effectively by establishing and efficiently operating logistics-related infrastructure rather than traditional methods of reducing trade barriers such as lowering tariffs and signing free trade agreements.

The Impact of Logistics Efficiency and Free Trade Agreements on Global Trade: Focusing on Total Trade Value

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, and to examine the effects of lower tariffs resulting from free trade agreements. In order to measure the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, the export and import trade volume among 53 countries was introduced as the dependent variable. Macroeconomic indicators including annual average tariff rate, logistics efficiency indicators for port, air, railroad, road and container vessel connectivity, as well as dummy variables such as whether a free trade agreement was signed, were introduced as the explanatory variables. Bilateral panel data between trading nations was used to estimate the gravity panel model, and analysis followed the categorization: 1) separate inputs of the five logistics efficiency variables and 2) one aggregated input of the five variables as a single indicator. The analysis found that logistics efficiency had a statistically significant impact on bilateral trade volume growth, while the impact of lowering tariff rates on increasing trade was insignificant. In addition, logistics efficiency was found to have a greater impact on increasing trade volume than free trade agreements. These results imply that trade can be promoted more effectively by establishing and efficiently operating logistics-related infrastructure rather than traditional methods of reducing trade barriers such as lowering tariffs and signing free trade agreements.

Modeling Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Growth of Trade Volume in Pakistan

Modeling Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Growth of Trade Volume in Pakistan

BAZI İSTATİSTİKLERLE TÜRKİYE ve AVRUPA BİRLİĞİNDE ORGANİK TARIM

Organic agriculture is a certified and controlled production system that considers the potential environment and social impacts by eliminating the synthetic but using the permitted inputs, constituted by the regulations, in the growing stage. Nowadays an organic market with a rapid growth in trade volume and increasing demand has emerged. Although, the share of Turkish organic products in the world organic-products-market which $50 billion is significantly low. Turkey has suitable ecologic conditions and export potential for organic production. Turkey, according to the latest (2014) statistics in 491.977 hectares, 71.472 farmer by 1.642.235 tons of organic product is obtained. Organic agriculture develops worldwide and in 2011 has been practiced in 1.219.526 organic farm, on 37.3 million hectare farmland. According to statistics from the year 2013 in the European Union, 10.232.949 hectares, 258.773 farm organic produce. Agricultural economics research, agricultural area, capital and workforce in the most efficient manner, it is important to track the sale of products. Farming in the preparation of the plans, organic agricultural policy is open to the necessity to take advantage as much as possible, creating the basic discipline of statistics. The main objective of this study is to analyses the state of organic agriculture in the European Union and Turkey. The study evaluated indices some of organic agriculture statistics (between 2002 and 2013, 2014 years).

Индия - Африка: торговля, инвестиции и гуманитарные проекты

Active growth of trade volume between India and Africa which has increased in twenty times since the beginning of the twenty-first century or in seventy times since 1991, certainly actualized a question of features of the modern Indo-African relations. In this regard the purpose of article is consideration of features of policy of India to the African countries. The author does the short historical review of the Indo-African relations, and considers key spheres of realization of modern regional strategy of India on the African continent - humanitarian projects, foreign trade and investments. The main methods of research are the comparative-historical approach and the statistical analysis, being used for identification of positive or negative dynamics of development of the Indo-African cooperation. Now the African region takes strategic significance for India. Rapid economic development of the African countries and increase in a standard of living of the population turn the continent into a perspective sales market of the Indian goods and services. Besides, India actively develops humanitarian projects and renders the financial help to many African countries. However, India faces set of problems and factors - geographical remoteness, the discrimination and racism, instability of political systems of many African countries and the African policy of China. The active economic policy of China on the African continent has compelled India to develop cooperation with the countries of Africa more actively. In recent years India also as well as China tries to make active and modernize the economic and humanitarian policy in Africa. Struggle for commodity markets of the goods and services in Africa makes Africa by strategic region not only in the Indo-Chinese relations, but in foreign policy of India as a whole.

Valuing Interdependence of Education, Trade and the Environment for the Achievement of Sustainable Development

The study analyzes the role of information and education process in the evolution of the relations between growth of trade volume as part of economic growth and environmental capital. Special attention is given to the interaction between trade policies relevant to the environment and environmental measures producing significant trade effects. I considered during this study the interdependence between the provisions contained in international trade agreements and all the taxes that are intended to protect the environment. The timeliness of the European and global requirements has been emphasized with the purpose to protect the environment with respect to product standards and technical regulations and requirements for packaging, labelling and recycling. The topic referring to the need to adopt measures to increase transparency effect in the international trade system, to reduce protectionism and environmental impact was also addressed. Moreover the environmental protection measures on access to markets has been studied, giving special attention to developing countries and especially the least developed among them, by comparing the environmental benefits and benefits resulting from elimination of trade restrictions in terms of accurate information of consumers.

Progress and Pollution: Port Cities Prepare for the Panama Canal Expansion

Early in the planning of the Panama Canal, Navy Commander Thomas Oliver Selfridge, Jr., wrote that “advantageous as an interoceanic canal would be to the commercial welfare of the whole world, it is doubly so for the necessities of American interests.”1 And indeed, since the Canal opened in 1914, it has been the main conduit for ocean-going ships carrying trade worldwide. Today the United States ranks number one in tons of cargo passing through the Canal (China ranks number two).2 In 2011 nearly 13,000 ocean-going cargo ships made the passage.3 Starting in the late 1950s (and expanding rapidly thereafter), internationally traded goods started being shipped in large metal containers, making it possible to load and unload cargo by machine instead of by hand and spurring the manufacture of larger ships.4 “Panamax” ships were designed to be just small enough to squeeze through the locks of the Canal.5 Today, even larger ships—called “post-Panamax” because they are too large to fit through the Canal6—make up 16% of the world’s container fleet but account for nearly half the fleet’s cargo capacity.7 To allow these larger ships to transit the Canal and increase its ability to handle higher volumes of ships, Panama is building a third set of locks, with construction expected to be finished in 2015.7 The Panama Canal expansion has sparked the competitive imagination of East Coast and Gulf Coast (EC/GC) port authorities, who hope to capture some of the 70% of U.S. imports currently controlled by West Coast (WC) ports.8 Ports typically make their revenues through leases with shipping lines, wharfage fees, and tariffs. So the more containers a port handles, the more money it can make. Experts at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) call the Panama Canal expansion a likely “game changer” for U.S. trade, potentially redistributing the market share of each coast’s ports, as well as opening up new import and export markets for agricultural and other products along inland waterways.7 Some have estimated that container volumes at EC/GC ports could more than double from 2012 to 2029.7 But with this growth come questions about what major initiatives to expand cargo capacity could mean for public health in these port cities.