Group P2 Research Articles

The activity of casein derived from goat milk yogurt as an antioxidant on histopathology of rat’s liver exposure by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic contaminant which persistent in the environment. Accumulation of this compound on the body through food chain can generate adverse effect in human health. The aim of this research was to observe the activity of casein derived from goat milk. A total of twenty-four male Wistar rats of twelve weeks old were used in this research. The rats were divided into six groups: (1) control group, (2) placebo group which given casein 600 mg/kgBW, (3) TCDD group given with TCDD 100 ng/kgBW, group P1 given casein 300 mg/kgBW and TCDD, (5) group P2 given casein 600 mg/kgBW and TCDD, (6) group P3 given casein 900 mg/kgBW and TCDD. Provision of casein and TCDD were given orally for 21 days. Liver sample collected for histopathological examination with hematoxylin Eosin (HE) stained. Experimental method was based on completely randomized design. The histopathological were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test to know the differences of the treatments. Result of the research showed that casein could protect the rat liver from damage in TCDD intoxicated rats. Significant increase (P<0.05) shows from group given with casein dose 900 mg/kgBW.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Kasein Yogurt Susu Kambing pada Fungsi Hati Tikus Model Intoksikasi Dioksin

Dioxin is toxic contaminant which persistent in the environment. This compound bio-accumulate through food chain and generate adverse effect in human health. Oxidative stress due to dioxin exposure can interfere metabolism process and leads to the development of hepatotoxicity.The aim of this study was to asses the role of casein derived from goat milk yogurt in dioxin-intoxicated rat based on liver function parameters. Substances used were: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) diluted in corn oil and casein from goat milk yogurt. The study included 24 Wistar rats divided into 6 groups: (1) control group, (2) placebo group which given casein 600 mg/kg BW, (3) TCDD group given with TCDD 100 ng/kg BW, (4) group P1 given casein 300 mg/kg BW and TCDD, (5) group P2 given casein 600 mg/kg BW and TCDD, (6) group P3 given casein 900 mg/kg BW and TCDD. The respective dose were given orally for 21 days. Blood serum was collected for transaminases (ALT, AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) analysis. Based on serum transaminases activity, there were no significant change on AST and ALT level. Casein yogurt supplementation has significant effect on serum GGT level (p&lt;0,05) and optimum dose was 600 mg/kg BW/day

Octasodium bis-(Nitrilo-tris-Methylenephosphanatooxovanadate(IV))-Dioxo-bis-Oxovanadium(IV) Icosohydrate Na8[(VO)2(μ−O)2{(VO)μ3−N(CH2PO3)3}2]·20H2O

Crystal hydrate of sodium salt of an oxovanadium(IV) complex with nitrilo-tris-methylenephosphonic (NTP) acid Na8[(VO)2(μ−O)2{(VO)μ3−N(CH2PO3)3}2]·20H2O is synthesized, isolated, and studied: space group P1, Z = 2, a = 12.5829(2) A, b = 13.9297(2) A, c = 15.1051(3) A, α = 72.233(2)°, β = 76.907(2)°, γ = 70.388(2)°. The NTP ions are completely deprotonated and hexadentate. In coordinating the VO2+ ion each NTP ion closes three N–V–O–P–C cycles with a common N–V bond. By means of bridging vanadyl ions and oxo ligands the four-membered V–O–V–O cycle and the [–V–O–P–O–]4 macrocycle are closed. Coordination V polyhedra are distorted tetragonal pyramids. With regard to the occurrence of weak V–N bonds the polyhedra of two V atoms can be completed to strongly distorted octahedra.

Metallic and anti-metallic properties of strongly covalently bonded energetic AlN5 nitrides.

High pressure can stimulate numerous novel physical effects which are not observed under ambient conditions, such as the electronic redistribution and delocalization phenomenon in strongly covalently bonded nitrides. Through first principles simulations, we report a new N-rich aluminum nitride AlN5, which crystallizes with the space group P1[combining macron] at 20 GPa and then transforms into the I4[combining macron]2d phase at 60 GPa. We have identified and proved the delocalization effects of π electrons in the strongly covalent Lewis poly-nitrogen structure via the one-dimensional particle in a box mechanism, which contributes to the metallization and stability of the system. This implies that not all strongly covalently bonded systems with highly localized electrons exhibit nonmetallic properties in III-V main group nitrides. Furthermore, pressure results in the hybridization configuration mutation from sp2 in the P1[combining macron] phase to a mixture of sp2 and sp3 hybridization in the I4[combining macron]2d phase, which leads to phase transition from metal to insulator. With increasing pressure, the band gap increases abnormally, exhibiting anti-metallization induced by the strong hybridization. Interestingly, the P1[combining macron] and I4[combining macron]2d structures are simultaneously accompanied by a high energy density and hardness, which enable them to have a greater ability to resist elasticity, plastic deformation and external force destruction in potential applications. Their energy density and hardness are up to 3.29 kJ g-1 and 15.2 GPa in the P1[combining macron] phase but especially 6.14 kJ g-1 and 31.7 GPa in the I4[combining macron]2d phase.

Utilization of Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk. As UV Protector In mice exposed to UV-B

In daily life, Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk., the leaves are rarely used even just as animal feed. In the bark of Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk there are new flavonoid compounds namely morusin, artokarpin, artonin E, cycloartobilosantone, and artonol B. This research is an experimental design with randomized posttest only with control group design. A total of 21 mice were divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 7 mice, group 1: negative control given oral placebo and exposed to UV-B rays, group 2:giving Vitamin C cream 4% mg and exposed to UV-B rays, group 3: giving cream of Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk leaf extract 4% and exposed to UV-B rays. The total of UV radiation dose of 600 mJ / cm² for 3 weeks, then performed a biopsy for examination of the amount of dermis collagen. The average number of collagen in the three groups after treatment was given significantly different (p &lt;0.05). Mean and Significant level of collagen density of group 1 : 51,42 ± 5,16; group P2 ± 91,18 ± 1,13; and P3 group: 88,77 ± 1,10. Conclusion : Cream of 4% Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk leaf extract can increase the amount of collagen density in mice exposed to UV-B rays.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies on the C-terminal domain of the flagellar protein FliL from Helicobacter pylori.

FliL is an inner membrane protein, occupying a position between the rotor and the stator of the bacterial flagellar motor. Its proximity to, and interactions with, the MS (membrane and supramembranous) ring, the switch complex and the stator proteins MotA/B suggests a role in recruitment and/or stabilization of the stator around the rotor, although the precise role of FliL in the flagellum remains to be established. In this study, recombinant C-terminal domain of Helicobacter pylori FliL (amino-acid residues 81-183) has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to > 98% homogeneity. Purified recombinant protein behaved as a monomer in solution. Crystals were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using ammonium phosphate monobasic as a precipitant. These crystals belong to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 62.5, b = 82.6, c = 97.8 Å, α = 67.7, ꞵ = 83.4, γ = 72.8°. A complete data set has been collected to 2.8 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. This is an important step towards elucidation of the function of FliL in the bacterial flagellar motor.

Centella asiatica decrease bax expression In prefrontal cortex of rat models

Introduction: Centella asiatica is a herb, which has neuroprotective properties, thus, it can be used to prevent neural damage caused by stress and increased glucocorticoid level. Madecassoside, asiaticoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid that are contained inside Centellaasiatica extract have antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.&#x0D; Method: This research is an experimental research using an animal model with post test-only control group design. We used samples from biologically stored product, in the form of 25 rat-brain tissue paraffin blocks. These brain tissues originated from 25 rat models that were divided into groups P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5. Group P1 was intervened with restrain stress.Group P2, P3, and P4 was intervened with restrain stress and ethanolic extract of Centella asiaticaat 150, 300, and 600 mg/kgBW/days, respectively. Group P5 was intervened with stress and fluoxetinat 10 mg/kgBW/days. On day 23, brain tissues were terminated, perfused, and extracted. Brain tissues were then made into paraffin blocks, turned into preparation pieces, histochemically stained, and cells that expressed caspace-bax were counted.&#x0D; Results: There was a statistically significant difference of Bax expression between P1 group and P3, P4, and P5 (p=0,01). Bax expression in group P1 was significantly higher than P2, P3, P4, and P5. There was no statistically significant difference of Bax expression between group P1 and P2 (p=0,08).&#x0D; Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica was able to decrease Bax expression in prefrontal cortex of chronic restraint stress induced Spraque Dawley rat models.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(1) 2019 p.112-117

High-pressure-induced phase transition in cinchomeronic acid polycrystalline form-I**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604224, 51805336, and 11774120), the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials of Jilin University, China (Grant No. 201708), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. 20180550861), the Education Department of Liaoning Province, China (Grant Nos.

Diamond anvil cells combined with Raman spectroscopy and angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction (ADXRD) were used to investigate the compression behavior of cinchomeronic acid (C7H5NO4, CA), a hydrogen-bonded polymorphs. The compression of form-I at approximately 6.5 GPa caused an irreversible phase transition that produced the new polymorph form-III. Lattice and internal modes in the Raman spectra were analyzed to determine the modifications in the local environment of CA form-I molecules. The form-III was indexed and refined to a low-symmetry triclinic structure with space group P1. The mechanism for the phase transition involved the reconstructions in the hydrogen-bonded networks in CA form-I.

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Insulin Leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) on Hyperglycemic Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Insulin leave (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) empirically used by people as antihyperglycemic drugs. The study was aimed to evaluate antihyperglycemic activity as well as to determine the most optimum dose of T. diversifolia to reduce blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemic condition was induced to male Rattus norvegicus rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw (body weight). In this study, completely randomized design was performed with three treatment groups and five times repetition. Group P1 received glibenclamide 10 mg/kg bw, P2 received aqueous extract of T. diversifolia at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw, P3 received aqueous extract of T. diversifolia at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw. Administration of both glibenclamide and aqueous extract of T. diversifolia was conducted orally for 28 days. Data were analyzed using Anova and Duncan’s test with 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that the mean percentage of decrease in blood glucose levels, drink intake and body weight of all treatment groups were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05). Data of feed intake showed that P1 was significantly different from P2 (p&lt;0.05), but P2 was not significantly different from P3 (p&gt;0.05). Based on the result of this research, it was found that the low doses of aqueous extract of T. diversifolia has the same ability to decrease blood glucose level compared to glibenclamide. Futhermore, this study provide some information that can be used as preclinical analysis to determine effective doses of aqueous extract of T. diversifolia to decrease blood glucose levels.

Structure of crystalline CaAl2Si2O8 precipitated in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramic

Metastable CaAl2Si2O8 crystalline phase was obtained via heat treatment of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass with metallic molybdenum particles as nucleating agents. Its crystal structure was determined by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Although the hexagonal structure was observed by Cs-STEM and Raman spectroscopy, Rietveld analysis revealed that a triclinic structure with space group P1 provided the best description of the crystal structure. The most appropriate lattice parameters were a = 5.1163(5) Å, b = 5.1155(5) Å, c = 15.0031(15) Å, α = 91.319(3)°, β = 88.172(3)°, and γ = 120.279(3)°. The c-axis layers composing the hexagonal plane were slightly distorted a few degrees from their arrangement in the hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 crystal.

Polar crystal of vanillylformamide through replacement of the alkene by an isosteric formamide group

Vanillylformamide [systematic name: N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)formamide], C9H11NO3, (II), has been synthesized from vanillylamine hydrochloride and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (II) and the well known biologically active eugenol compound (I) can be considered to be `isosteres' of each other, since they share comparable molecular shape and volume. The product (II) crystallizes in the space group P1. In the crystal, the vanillylformamide molecules are linked mainly by N—H...O, O—H...O and Csp 2—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming infinite two-dimensional polar sheets. These two-dimensional layers pack in a parallel fashion, constructing a polar three-dimensional network. Except for van der Waals forces and weak Csp 3—H...O hydrogen bonds, there are no significant intermolecular interactions between the layers. A Cambridge Structural Database search revealed that vanillylamide-related crystals are scarce.

UJI AKTIVITAS JUS BUAH JAMBU BIJI BERDAGING MERAH (Psidium guajava L.) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN TROMBOSIT PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI KLORAMFENIKOL

Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic disorder acquired in dogs and can be a life-threatening. Guava fruit and leaves extract are believed to improve thrombocyte counts. The purpose of this study was to prove that administration of guava juice could improve thrombocyte count in mice that have thrombocytopenia after induced by chloramphenicol. We were used 24 mice as samples divided into 4 groups : KS group (given aquades for 12 days), KN group (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days, then aquades on next 5 days), group P1 (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days then guava juice 5 g/ml concentration on 5 next day); and group P2 (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days then guava juice 10 g/ml concentration on the next 5 days). Thrombocyte count was measured three times, before treatment (day 0), after chloramphenicol induction (day 7), and after guava juice (day 12). Data of thrombocyte count was analyzed using one way Anova and Post Hoc LSD test. The results showed that the guava juice (Psidium guajava L.) concentration of 5 g/ml and 10 g/ml had significant effect (p &lt;0,05) to increase platelet numbers in mice after induced by chlorampenicol dose 30mg/30grBW.

UJI AKTIVITAS JUS BUAH JAMBU BIJI BERDAGING MERAH (Psidium guajava L.) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN TROMBOSIT PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI KLORAMFENIKOL

Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic disorder acquired in dogs and can be a life-threatening. Guava fruit and leaves extract are believed to improve thrombocyte counts. The purpose of this study was to prove that administration of guava juice could improve thrombocyte count in mice that have thrombocytopenia after induced by chloramphenicol. We were used 24 mice as samples divided into 4 groups : KS group (given aquades for 12 days), KN group (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days, then aquades on next 5 days), group P1 (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days then guava juice 5 g/ml concentration on 5 next day); and group P2 (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days then guava juice 10 g/ml concentration on the next 5 days). Thrombocyte count was measured three times, before treatment (day 0), after chloramphenicol induction (day 7), and after guava juice (day 12). Data of thrombocyte count was analyzed using one way Anova and Post Hoc LSD test. The results showed that the guava juice (Psidium guajava L.) concentration of 5 g/ml and 10 g/ml had significant effect (p &lt;0,05) to increase platelet numbers in mice after induced by chlorampenicol dose 30mg/30grBW.

Biomolecular changes on mice caput femur after human recombinant erythropoietin administration

Introduction: Osteonecrosis is a process of death of bone tissue which also causes disturbance in the bone’s blood vessel supply. Administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) may affect cell proliferation by stimulating angiogenesis and it has been proven that cell proliferation during osteogenesis depends heavily on the formation of new blood vessels. Therefore, EPO has a role in bone regeneration. Methods: This research is an experimental study using Randomized post-test control only group design. Rats were divided into 2 groups, P0 which received dexamethasone injection for 5 weeks and group P1 which received dexamethasone injection combined with rHuEpo for 5 weeks. On the last day of the fifth week, the femoral head of the rats were taken for assessment of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), BMP-2 (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2), osteocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes levels. The examination results were then analyzed by using SPSS. Results: From the immunohistochemical and histopathologic examination and further SPSS analysis, it is shown that the number of osteocyte in the femoral heads of rats injected with dexamethasone and rHuEpo were significantly higher than those injected with dexamethasone alone (p <0.05). This was also the case with the number of osteoblasts (p <0.05). The expression of BMP-2 and VEGF were also significantly higher in rats injected with dexamethasone and rHuEPO (p <0.05). However, the number of adipocytes in the femoral heads of the rats injected with dexamethasone and rHuEpo were significantly lower than those injected with dexamethasone alone (p <0.05). Conclusion: Administration of rHuEPO in rats induced with dexamethasone was shown to increase the number of osteoblast, osteocyte, BMP-2 expression, and VEGF, but the number of adipocyte was found to be lower than in rats injected with dexamethasone alone.

Synthesis, growth, structural, thermal and third order nonlinear optical properties of novel organic single crystal: 4-methylpyridinium 3-nitrophthalate

Abstract A novel 4-methylpyridinium 3-nitrophthalate (4MP3NP) was synthesized and the crystals were grown by using slow evaporation method. The structural data of the grown crystal was collected by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It revealed that the 4MP3NP crystal belongs to triclinic crystal system with a space group P1. Structure of the synthesized compound was established using SHELXL 97 program package. The crystalline nature and composition of the grown crystal was established using high resolution X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses. UV-Vis transmittance and photoluminescence studies revealed the optical transmission window and electronic transition mechanism of ions, respectively. The laser damage threshold of the grown crystal was estimated by Nd:YAG laser and these results were mutually related to specific heat capacity of the grown crystal. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of the grown crystal was studied by Z-scan technique.

Structural, optical and piezoelectric investigation on brucinium bromide hydrate non linear optical single crystal for optical parametric oscillators, high-power laser, piezo-sensors and transducers applications

In the present work, a good transparent semi-organic brucinium bromide hydrate (BBH) single crystal was grown from the saturated solution by slow evaporation method. The single crystal XRD study reveals that, BBH crystallize in Triclinic crystal system with non-centrosymmetric space group P1. Presences of chemical elements such as Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen are C = 38.79%, H = 44.10% and N = 3.48% respectively. The morphological study concludes that, the growth rate along ‘c’ direction is more expeditious than that of a & b. The UV–Visible spectrum confirms the good transparency of the crystal and diverse optical parameters such as cut-off wavelength, band gap, UV-resonance energy and refractive index values were calculated and relation between the different optical parameters were also discussed in detail. Chemical bonding nature of BBH crystal was identified with the aid of optical electro-negativity value. The Urbach energy value was found to be 0.1238 eV. LDT value of BBH crystal was found to be 6.43 GW/cm2 and it is compared with other standard materials such as KTP, KDP and Urea. To find the suitability of crystal in the field of nonlinear optical application, the second harmonic generation value was determined using Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The spectroscopic investigations were done by vibrational analysis in order to identify the different functional groups in BBH compound. The value of piezo-electric charge co-efficient (d33) was quantified by PM-300 piezometer. Fluorescence spectral study provides the knowledge about electron excitation and also life time of the molecules. Title crystal does not contain any internal structural grain boundaries which are confirmed by HRXRD analysis.

Investigations on Croconic Acid in Superacidic Media

Croconic acid reacts in superacidic solutions HF/MF5 (M = As, Sb) to yield its corresponding salts [H3O5C5][MF6] and [(H3O5C5)H(H3O5C5)][MF6]3·2HF (M = As, Sb). The degree of protonation is strongly dependent on the stoichiometric ratio of the Lewis acid regarding croconic acid. Monoprotonated salts were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and in the case of [H3O5C5][AsF6] (1) by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. [H3O5C5][AsF6] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four formula units per unit cell. The sesquiprotonated species of croconic acid [(H3O5C5)H(H3O5C5)][SbF6]3·2HF (4) was also characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with one formula unit per unit cell. The vibrational spectra of the monoprotonated salts were compared to quantum chemical calculations of the [H3O5C5]+·3HF cation and experimental data reported for croconic acid.

NMR spectroscopic, linear and non-linear optical properties of 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-(phenylhydrazono)acetonitrile (BTPA) azo dye

The azo dye 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-(phenylhydrazono)acetonitrile (BTPA) was synthesized and structurally characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, including two dimensional 1H and 13C NMR as well as optical absorption and emission spectra. The obtained spectroscopic results and semiempirical PM6 calculations allowed to clarify the tautomerization phenomenon of this azo dye. Predominantly, this compound exists in Z-hydrazone form, reinforced through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, in chloroform. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the BTPA powder is crystallized in monoclinic system structure with the space group P1. BTPA/ITO thin film was prepared by the spin coating technique. The results of XRD for the powder and BTPA/ITO thin films confirmed the existence of nanostructural features. Analysis of the absorption edges for BTPA/ITO thin film gives direct optical band gap (2.6 eV). Lastly, the third order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) and nonlinear refractive index n(2) were calculated in the wavelengths range 300–2500 nm. These attractive ÷(3) and n(2) results indicated that BTPA has potential applications in optoelectronics and photonics.

Impact of supplementation with long-acting progesterone on gestational loss in Nelore females submitted to TAI

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-acting progesterone supplementation on pregnancy rates and gestational losses in Nelore females (Bos taurus indicus) submitted to Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI). Ovulations of multiparous (n = 534), primiparous (n = 117) and nulliparous (n = 81) Nelore females were synchronized for TAI and the day of insemination was considered D0. After TAI, the animals were allocated into three groups. Two groups received 150 mg of long acting injectable progesterone (P4) in a single dose, 5 (D = 5) or 11 (D = 11) days after TAI, resulting in the following treatments: 1) Group P4 - D5 (n = 235); 2) Group P4 - D11 (n = 245); and 3) Control Group (n = 252). The animals in the control group did not receive any supplementation. Pregnancy was checked by ultrasonography, 30 days after the TAI. The gestational losses were evaluated at two different periods: 1) from 30 to 60 days, and 2) from 60 to 90 days. The pregnancy rate and the gestational losses as a function of the treatments were tested by the non-parametric binomial test with 5% significance level. The pregnancy rates were different between the groups P4 - D5 and Control (47 and 39%, respectively) (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in relation to the P4 - D11 group. There was a difference in gestational losses from 30 to 60 days and total losses between the groups treated with P4 on the fifth day and eleventh day after TAI in relation to the control group (P = 0.0173; P = 0.0454), but no difference was observed between the treatments in relation to the losses between 60 and 90 days (P ≥ 0.0578). Among the animals that were cycling at the beginning of the protocol, the groups supplemented with progesterone at day 5 or 11 after insemination had gestational losses significantly lower (P = 0.04) than the control group (P4 - D5 = 2%; P4 - D11 = 2%, control = 14%). The animals in anestrous that received supplementation 5 days after TAI had lower gestational losses (P = 0.049) compared with the other groups (P4 - D5 = 3%, P4 - D11 = 7% Control = 10%). Under the conditions of this study, the use of long-acting injectable progesterone 5 days after TAI in Nelore females increased the pregnancy rates, but when supplemented 11 days after TAI, it did not have the same effect. Also, when used 5 days after TAI, it significantly decreased gestational losses on both anestrous and cycling animals. Therefore, it may be an interesting alternative to increase reproductive and productive efficiencies.

2-formyl-3,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenyl benzoate in Electrochemical Dry Cell

Abstract Solvated organic compound with the general formula 2-formyl-3,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenyl benzoate [C16H14O5] was synthesized. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Mass Spectrometry (MS) and X-ray powder analytical methods were used here for structure elucidation. Characterization revealed a triclinic geometry with space group P1. The refined unit cell parameters are, a = 15.196 Å, b = 14.882 Å and c = 14.606 Å. Development in present work is an idea of the organic electrochemical dry cell. Electrochemists with an idea in vitro/vivo development in present assay are openly encouraged for supporting exploration.