Group AB Research Articles

Prevalence of Malaria and Helicobacter Pylori Coinfection and Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Blood Donors in Douala General Hospital

Background: The malaria parasite Plasmodium is intra-erythrocyte hence can be transmitted by transfusion of any blood component containing infected red blood cells. Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than half of the human population worldwide. Infection remains asymptomatic in most individuals, although some individuals develop acute gastritis, peptic or duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa associated tissue lymphoma. H. pylori infection have been implicated in some haematological manifestations such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: This research was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and H. pylori coinfection in association with sociodemographic characteristics among donors in Douala General Hospital. Methodology: The study was a hospital-based study carried out from January to May 2022. The study population comprised of 106 donors who came to the hospital laboratory for blood donation. A structured questionnaire was used to get demographic and clinical data. Two ml of blood was collected from individuals to prepare a thick and thin blood film for malaria parasite determination and to centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma for H. pylori test strip. Results and Discussion: The overall prevalence of H. pylori in the study area was 70.8%. The female donors had a prevalence of 72.0%. A greater proportion of blood group O donors had H. pylori than groups A, AB and B but this difference was not significant (P-value = 0.571). The prevalence of malaria parasites infection was 36.8%. Those of blood group A had a higher prevalence rate of 42.3% (11/26). Out of the 106 donors, 23 (21.7%) had malaria and H. pylori coinfection. 68 (64.2%) donors had a mono-infection that is either having malaria mono-infection or H. pylori mono-infection and 15 (14.2%) had no infection. Malaria and H. pylori coinfection was higher in female donors than males (OR = 1.059, 95% Cl 0.359 -3.119, P =0.917), in donors aged below 25 years old (OR = 0.338, 95% Cl 0.075 - 1.535, P =0.160), replacement donors (OR = 1.350, 95% Cl 0.460 – 3.964, P =0.585); blood donors of blood group AB (OR = 0.654, 95% Cl 0.181 – 2.366, P =0.517) and Rhesus negative donors (OR = 1.500, 95% Cl 0.130 – 17.36, P =0.746). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and Malaria among blood donors in Douala General Hospital were high and coinfection was higher in females than males. Both malaria parasites and H. pylori infections have been implicated in blood parameters such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency. It is therefore recommended that routine screening for malaria parasites and H. pylori be done in blood banks before transfusion for a high blood quality.

Association of ABO, Rh-D and Kell blood groups with transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors from the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective observational study.

To evaluate the association between transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) and ABO, Rh-D, and Kell blood systems among blood donors. This was a retrospective study of 10,095 donors who visited the Blood Bank at Asir Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Data including demographic information, ABO, Rh-D, and Kell blood groups, and serological and molecular test results of TTIs (the TTIs were obtained from each donor's records). Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were employed to establish possible associations between blood groups and TTIs. The prevalence rate of TTIs among donors was 6.3%, with HBcAb (70%) being the most prevalent biomarker among positive donors. Donors with the O blood group were at a higher risk of contracting TTIs. Significant associations were observed between HIV and blood group A (χ2=6.30, p=0.01), HBsAg and group AB (χ2=17.3193, p=0.00003), malaria and group A (χ2=5.0567, p=0.02), and HBV-DNA and group AB (χ2=12.3163, p=0.0004). Also, Kell blood group was significantly associated with HIV (χ2=14.5, p=0.0001), HBcAb (χ2=78.51, p<0.0001), and syphilis (χ2=25.225, p<0.00001). ABO and Kell blood groups are associated with TTI markers. These findings highlight the need for improved strategies and approaches in screening and managing blood donations to minimize the risk of TTIs.

COVID-19 Susceptibility among ABO/RH Blood Groups in Tamil Nadu Population: A Retrospective Case–Control Study

Background: COVID-19 is a world pandemic with clinical manifestation from mild subclinical infection to severe illness. Literature suggests an evident correlation between the ABO blood group, Rhesus blood group, and COVID-19 in the recent past. The role of blood group in disease susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 varies in different geographical locations, as ABO blood group distribution varies among the human population with the impact of migration. Although various research have been done globally, scientific evidence with respect to the south Indian population remains limited, emphasizing the need for the present study to analyze the association of COVID-19 and blood groups in Tamil Nadu. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the potential susceptibility of COVID-19 among the blood groups (ABO and Rh type) in Tamil Nadu population. Materials and Methods: This was a noninterventional retrospective case–control study, with 500 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 being taken as the “cases,” while another 500 who tested negative were taken as the “controls.” The medical records, including the blood group and Rh factor, were collected from the government-recognized testing centers (Government Medical Hospital and Primary Health Centers, Tiruvallur, and Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai) in Tamil Nadu, who came for COVID-19 screening by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed to associate its correlation with different blood groups. Results: Blood Group A showed significantly higher distribution among the cases (P = 0.030), and blood Groups O and B were significant among the controls (P = 0.026 and P = 0.000, respectively). Blood Group AB did not show any significant differences between the groups (P = 0.374). The odds ratio for AB, A, O, and B Groups for Rh (positive and negative) were shown to be 0.659, 0.591, 0.472, and 0.262, respectively, suggesting increased susceptibility toward Rh positive factor. Conclusion: In our study, blood Group A was found to be the most susceptible and blood Group O to be the least susceptible to COVID-19 in the Tamil Nadu population. In addition, the Rh positive factor showed more inclination toward COVID susceptibility than the Rh negative factor. ABO blood group may be considered a potential nonmodifiable and secondary risk factor for COVID-19 contributing to the disease pathobiology at immunological, biochemical, and physiological levels. Still, the intensity of their role and their exact mechanism in its association requires further exploration to validate the current findings.

Association between ABO-Rh Blood Groups and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Aden, Yemen, 2022

Introduction: Ongoing research is examining the possible role of blood groups in the etiopathogenesis of various medical conditions including type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this research is to identify association of ABO and Rh blood group in patients with T2DM in the Diabetic Center Aden, Yemen, 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the National Blood Transfusion and Research Center (N.B.T.R.C), Aden between May- September 2022. A total of 226 blood samples were collected from type -2 diabetic patients aged ≥ 18 years in the Diabetic Center, Aden, Yemen. Results: There most common blood group was blood group O (+) followed by A (+) and the least common was blood group AB(-). No association was found between ABO and Rh blood group with either the sex or family history in type-2 diabetic Patients. The most frequent complication observed in the different groups is the neuropathy complications (46.8%) followed by retinopathy complications (40.7%) and finally nephropathy complications (12.5%). Conclusion: No significant association in T2DM patients between ABO – Rh with sex or family history and the most frequent microvascular complication is neuropathy.

Characterization of Speech and Language Deficits in the Postanesthesia Care Unit: A Novel, Qualitative Cognitive Assessment

BACKGROUND: Assessing recovery after general anesthesia is complicated because patients must be sufficiently arousable to pay attention to the verbal instructions probing cognitive function. All delirium screens that have been used in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) rely heavily on a patient’s ability to process language information and respond appropriately. However, postanesthesia effects on speech-language functions have not been specifically evaluated. Here we present a novel, qualitative PACU evaluation for cognitive domains critical for speech-language functions, and we compare this assessment against a multidomain neurocognitive examination: Telephonic Montreal Cognitive Assessment (t-MoCA). This may be used to identify trajectories of neurocognitive recovery after surgery with general anesthesia and provide neuroanatomic correlates for specific deficits. METHODS: We investigated 48 patients undergoing general anesthesia for noncardiac and nonneurologic elective surgeries. Preoperatively, participants were administered our PACU speech-language assessment (PACU-SLA) and t-MoCA. Both assessments were again administered postoperatively in the PACU. Different versions of PACU-SLA were administered pre- versus postoperatively. Twenty-three participants randomly received the same t-MoCA versions (group AA), and 25 participants received different versions (group AB), pre- versus postoperatively. Assessments were administered ≥30 minutes after PACU arrival, and before PACU discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon-signed-rank tests for nonnormally distributed paired data, analysis of covariance for assessing the impact of group (AA versus AB) and preoperative scores on postoperative scores, and χ2 tests for unpaired categorical data (P &lt; .05 indicating significance). RESULTS: After adjusting for preoperative scores, the postoperative t-MoCA scores of group AB were significantly lower than group AA (F[1–46] = 21.7, P &lt; .001). Similarly, the t-MoCA scores of episodic-memory (delayed-recall) decreased in group AB (F[1–46] = 48.6, P &lt; .001). For PACU-SLA, there were no postoperative changes in auditory-comprehension and object-naming scores, but a decrease was observed in (1) scores of a 9-point narrative-production task of expressive-fluency (n = 48; median [25th–75th]; preoperative: 9[9–9], postoperative: 7[7–8], P &lt; .001), and (2) total words generated in 2 30-second tasks of verbal-fluency (n = 48; median[25th–75th]: preoperative: 23[12.5–33.5], postoperative: 16.5[9.5–26.5], P &lt; .001). Scores on a 4-point sentence-repetition task were also noted to decrease postoperatively (n = 48; median[25th–75th]; preoperative: 4[3–4], postoperative: 4[3–4], P = .04). When grouping participants by preoperative cognitive status (pMCI, n = 9; preoperative normal, n = 39), both groups showed postoperative changes in verbal-fluency (F[1–46] = 6.97, P = .01) and narrative-production scores (F[1–46] = 5.51, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The PACU-SLA revealed lower fluency (hypophonia) with relatively intact comprehension, naming, and repetition, during recovery from general anesthesia. These deficits share features with transcortical motor aphasia.

Impact of the blood group on postoperative CRP and leukocyte levels after primary total hip and knee arthroplasty.

C-reactive protein (CRP)- and leukocyte levels are common parameters to evaluate the inflammatory response after orthopaedic surgery and rule out infectious complications. Nevertheless, both parameters are vulnerable to disturbing biases and therefore leave room for interpretation. Since blood groups are repeatedly discussed to influence inflammatory response, our aim was to observe their impact on CRP and leukocyte levels after total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). Short term postoperative CRP and leukocyte levels of 987 patients, who received either primary TKH (n= 479) or THA (n= 508), were retrospectively correlated with their blood group. ABO, Rhesus and a combination of both blood groups were differentiated. CRP levels after TKA were significantly higher in blood type AB than in type A and O on day 2-4 and also than in type A on day 6-8. Leukocyte levels after THA were significantly higher in blood group type O than in type A on day 6-8 while still remaining in an apathological range. We observed no significant differences between Rhesus types and Rhesus types and CRP or leukocyte levels. We observed significantly increased CRP levels after TKA in patients with blood group AB. Since the elevated CRP levels do not account for early periprosthetic infection, surgeons should include this variation in their postoperative evaluation.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD GROUPS AND COVID-19 OUTCOME CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first started as an epidemic in Wuhan city – China in 2019 then became a pandemic. Certain viral infections showed linkage with certain antigenic determinants of ABO blood groups and Rh factor. Aim of the study: determine the association between blood groups and Rh factor with COVID19 infection in a sample of Iraqi patients. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among 580 students of a variety of colleges mainly in Baghdad from 6th of December 2021 to 18th of January 2022. An online questionnaire using Google forms was used to collect the data. Results: A total of 580 samples were collected during the study with 358 (61.7%) females samples and 222 (38.3%) males and there was a significant difference between them (P=0.0001). The mean age of the participants was 20.20± 2.716 years. Of the 580 COVID-19 infected samples collected 289 ( 49.8%) were blood group O. 133 (22.9%) were blood Group A then 108(18.6%) were blood group B, and 50 (8.6%) blood group AB while with significant difference (P=0.). About 508 (87.5%) of the samples were Rh + who had COVID-19 infection and the remaining 72(12.5%) were Rh – (P=0.0001). Conclusions: There was an association between Blood group O+ and COVID-19 infection who did not required hospitalization and the blood group AB+ were less susceptible to infection

Blood group AB is associated with reduced blood loss but also elevated cardiovascular mortality in aortocoronary bypass surgery.

Patient blood group (BG) is predictive for von-Willebrand-factor (VWF) and Factor VIII variation. The clinical impact of this ABO-effect on blood loss, cardiovascular complications and outcome has been described for several patient cohorts. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of patient BG on blood loss and outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Patient records, intraoperative data and perioperative transfusion records of 5713 patients receiving an on-pump CABG procedure between 05/2004 and 12/2018 were analyzed. A logistic regression model for death due to perioperative myocardial ischaemia (PMI) was developed from initially 24 variables by using an univariate and multivariate selection process. BG AB patients required less blood transfusions as compared to the other blood groups, especially in case of emergency operations. However, BG AB patients also had a higher mortality which was due to secondary cardiovascular complications. The impact of blood type on the rate of cardiovascular mortality was confirmed in the logistic regression model. BG AB patients have a worse outcome after CABG surgery due to an increased incidence of fatal cardiovascular complications. As perioperative myocardial ischemia due to graft occlusion appears to be the most likely explanation, stricter anticoagulation for BG AB patients should be discussed.

Distribution of ABO-Rh Blood Group System Among the Students at Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan

Background: The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups significantly varies across different populations and is crucial for effective blood bank management and transfusion services. Previous studies have shown diverse patterns in blood group distribution globally, influenced by regional, ethnic, and demographic factors. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among the student population at Shah Abdul Latif University (SALU), Sindh, Pakistan, and to understand its implications for local healthcare services. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 253 students (133 males and 120 females) aged 18 to 24 years. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study employed a sterile lancet for blood sample collection via a finger prick. Blood group phenotyping was done using the slide method with monoclonal antiserum A, B, and D. Agglutination results were recorded to determine the ABO blood group and Rh factor. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: The study found that 21.7% of students belonged to blood group A (49.1% Rh positive and 5.5% Rh negative in males, 40% Rh positive and 5.5% Rh negative in females), 35.2% to blood group B (38.2% Rh positive and 6.7% Rh negative in males, 52.8% Rh positive and 2.3% Rh negative in females), 11.1% to blood group AB (57.1% Rh positive in males, 39.3% Rh positive in females), and 32.0% to blood group O (54.3% Rh positive and 2.5% Rh negative in males, 38.3% Rh positive and 4.9% Rh negative in females). Conclusion: The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in the student population at SALU exhibits a distinct pattern, emphasizing the importance of regional studies in blood group distribution. These findings have significant implications for blood bank management, transfusion services, and healthcare planning in the region.

Association between ABO and Rh blood groups and Toxoplasma gondii infection: A cross sectional study.

We aimed to determine the association between the seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii and the ABO and Rh blood groups in 2,053 people. ABO and Rhesus blood groups and anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were determined using commercially available assays. Of the 2,053 people studied, 171(8.3%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. Sixty-five (38.0%) and 36 (21.1%) of these 171 individuals had high anti-T. gondii IgG antibody levels (≥150 IU mL-1) and anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies, respectively. We found the following prevalences of T. gondii infection among the ABO groups: 8.5% in group A, 4.3% in group B, 4.7% in group AB, and 8.9% in group O (P = 0.19). The prevalences of T. gondii infection among Rh groups were: 8.4% in the Rh-positive group and 7.1% in theRh-negative group (P = 0.58). Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequencies of ABO andRh blood groups were similar (P > 0.05) among people with positive and negative serology for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, with high (≥150 IU mL-1) and lower (<150 IU mL-1) levels of anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies, and with positive and negative serology for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Results does not support an association between T. gondii infection and ABO and Rh blood groups.

Prospective study of ABO and Rh blood group frequency and distribution among health-care professional students at Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan

Background: The presence of immunologically competent agglutinogens in ABO and Rhesus (Rh) system makes these blood groups clinically important. The distribution frequency of these blood groups in various geographical regions is essential for the maintenance of blood bank records, for research studies, etc. This helps in safe transfusion during emergency. Many population-based research works were conducted on the prevalence of blood agglutinogens. The lack of data on these blood antigens among young health-care professional students prompted the conduct of this study on blood groups. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to ascertain blood group frequencies among health-care professional students and to obtain prospective group of Rh-negative blood donor database. Materials and Methods: Research was accomplished on 400 health-care professional students of HIMS, Hassan, in department of physiology after going through knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire. Blood grouping was done by collecting blood from participants by finger prick method on glass slides. Results: In participants, the most common blood group was O (40.8%) with decreasing prevalence of B (34.3%), A (18%), and AB (7%). The frequency of Rh-positive and negative groups was 95.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Among participants, blood group O and blood group AB was most and least common, respectively. The frequency of Rh positive was far higher compared to Rh-negative groups.

A novel method to predict white blood cells after kidney transplantation based on machine learning.

Abnormal white blood cell count after kidney transplantation is an important adverse clinical outcome. The abnormal white blood cell count in patients after surgery may be caused by the use of immunosuppressive agents and other factors. A lower white blood cell count than normal will greatly increase the probability of adverse outcomes such as infection and reduce the success rate of surgery. To establish a machine learning prediction model of leukocyte drop to abnormal level after kidney transplantation, and provide reference for clinical treatment. A total of 546 kidney transplant patients were selected as the study subjects. The time correlation feature of the ratio of the duration time of each variable to the total time in different intervals was innovatively introduced. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was used for correlation analysis of 85 candidate variables, and the top 20 variables were retained in the end. Eight machine learning algorithms, including Logistic-L1, Logistic-L2, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, multilayer perceptron, extreme gradient boosting and light gradient boosting machine, were used for the five-fold cross-validation on all data sets, and the algorithm with the best performance was selected as the final prediction algorithm based on the average area under the curve. As the final prediction model, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve values of the multilayer perceptron model in test set were 71.34%, 61.18%, 82.28% and 77.30%, respectively. The most important factors affecting leukopenia after surgery were the proportion of time of lymphocyte less than normal, blood group AB, gender, and platelet CV. The multilayer perceptron model explored in this study shows significant potential in predicting abnormal white blood cell counts after kidney transplantation. This model can help stratify risk following transplantation, subject to external and/or prospective validation.

ABO and Rh Blood Group Association with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: ABO and Rh blood types are known to have associations with health and disease, but studies on their relationship to pregnancy outcomes have been largely inconclusive. We aimed to examine the associations between ABO and Rh blood groups in pregnant women with maternal–neonatal characteristics and outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, cesarean section rate, preterm birth, postpartum quantitative blood loss, birth weight, and appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration scores. Methods: At the time of delivery, 2497 consecutive patients were tested for ABO and Rh blood groups. Only those who delivered singleton infants were included in the analysis (2392 patients, 95.8%). Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record. Associations between blood groups and maternal–neonatal characteristics and outcomes were assessed using logistic regression models. A significance threshold of 0.05 was used for all comparisons. Results: Of the 2392 delivering patients, 46.9% were blood group O, 37.5% were blood group A, 12.2% were blood group B, and 3.4% were blood group AB. In addition, 85.9% were Rh-positive and 14.1% Rh-negative. A total of 2127 (88.9%) women delivered at term. The cesarean section rate was 32.4%, 183 (7.7%) had chronic hypertension, 275 (11.5%) had gestational diabetes, and 396 (16.6%) had a postpartum hemorrhage. The median birth weight was 3330 g (interquartile range 2940–3640). No blood groups were significantly associated with these characteristic and outcome measures. Conclusion: At the time of delivery, no significant associations were identified between ABO and Rh blood groups and maternal–neonatal characteristics and outcomes in this delivery cohort of over 2000 women.

Exploring the Link: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Correlation Between Periodontal Health and ABO &amp; Rh Blood Group Phenotype in Intellectually Disabled Individuals of Dakshina Kannada District

Background and Aim Across the globe individuals with intellectual disabilities ID are frequently noted to exhibit inferior oral hygiene and periodontal health. Previous research has demonstrated a link between periodontal health and blood grouping among apparently healthy individuals with periodontitis patients. This study attempted to assess a relationship between periodontal health and blood grouping phenotypes among individuals with intellectual disabilities in Dakshina Kannada District.Methods In Dakshina Kannada district a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 548 intellectually disabled individuals enrolled in special needs institutions. Among them 115 individuals were identified as having Down syndrome while the remaining 433 individuals had other intellectual disabilities. During the survey oral hygiene indices such as Oral Hygiene Index Simplified OHI-S Gingival index GI and Periodontal Screening and Recording PSR index were measured and ABO blood group patterns were established through self-reports verified by medical records.Results Among 548 intellectually disabled individuals distribution of blood group was as follows 32.11 had blood group A 26.64 had blood group B 23.90 had blood group O and 17.33 had blood group AB. Results of our research indicated that Down syndrome individuals with blood group lsquoOrsquo 41.7 and Rh lsquopositiversquo 58.26 were more susceptible to periodontitis.Conclusion Among intellectually disabled individuals there exists a robust correlation between periodontal health and ABO blood group phenotypes.

Association of ABO/Rh Blood Group with Hypertension in Pre and Postmenopausal Libyan women

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hypertension is a prevalent and significant public health issue worldwide, affecting a substantial portion of the population. While various risk factors have been implicated in the development of hypertension, including genetics, lifestyle, and hormonal changes, the role of ABO/Rh blood groups in hypertension remains underexplored, particularly in different stages of Libyan women’s life. This research study aimed to investigate the potential association between ABO/Rh blood groups and hypertension in both pre- and post-menopausal Libyan women. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was conducted over a four-month period on a diverse cohort of women aged 35 to 75 years. It involved a total of 200 hypertensive women divided into pre- (n=100) and post-menopausal (n=100) groups. It took place at Tripoli University Hospital, Tajoura Heart Centre and Total Care Clinic. Data were collected through structured interviews, clinical examinations, and blood sample analyses. Blood pressure (BP) measurements and blood group typing were performed using standard medical procedures. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program version 26.0. RESULTS: The distribution of ABO blood groups shows that blood group O is the most prevalent blood group among samples (58% in the pre-menopausal and 41% in post-menopausal hypertensives), whereas blood group AB is the least prevalent (only 9% in the pre-menopausal and 7% in post-menopausal hypertensives). One hundred and eighty-one (90.5%) were Rh +ve. Analysis of data revealed significant differences in age distribution as well as in the percentages of Rh +ve and Rh -ve blood groups among pre- and post-menopausal women (p&lt;0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of BP indices between ABO/Rh blood groups (p&gt;0.05).CONCLUSION: This study showed that ABO/Rh blood group system does not significantly affect BP indices among the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Findings of present study also illustrated that age could potentially influence the connection between blood groups and hypertension. Additionally, among ABO/Rh blood groups, the most observed type was 'O.' However, further investigation is necessary to validate these initial results and better understand the underlying mechanisms behind this relationship

ABH status sekretora među studentima univerziteta u kalabaru, Nigerija

Introduction: Secretor status is a critical component of human biology that depends on specific glycoproteins in body fluids and secretions. Its importance lies in its significant impact on health and disease, making it a compelling subject for medical research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and understanding of secretor status among undergraduates at the University of Calabar, Nigeria. The findings could revolutionize our understanding of secretor status and open new research opportunities. Materials and Methods: The study used across-sectional approach, analyzing blood samples from 100 undergraduate students using the adsorption-inhibition method. Most participants were single (94.0%), and the majority were 100-level students (51.0%). 48 students were in the 21 to 28-year range, while 6.0% were 30 or older. Results: The findings of this study are significant, revealing that a substantial proportion of the participants were secretors, 82 (82.0%), while 18 (18.0%) were non-secretors. Interestingly, most participants (83.0%) were unaware of their secretor status, indicating a potential knowledge gap. Blood group O had the highest number of secretors, 58 (96.7%), followed by blood group A 11 (55.0%), blood group B 7 (63.6%), and the minor blood group AB 6 (66.7%). The most prevalent ethnic group was found among the Efiks (18.1%) followed by Yakurr (16.6%) and the least the Ijaws (3.8%). Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of public education and awareness regarding secretor status and its impact on health and disease.

Clinical Value of Routine Biomarkers for Colorectal Patients: a Retrospective Study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has always been one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Whether the factors related to the diagnosis and risk of CRC can be found from the existing peripheral blood routine indicators. The relevant data of patients with colorectal diseases in our hospital of about ten years were collected, the differences among the biomarkers in serum were analyzed, the risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression, the ROC was drawn, and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated. Colorectal malignancies and benign diseases in AST, GGT, LDH, D-BIL, ALB, ALP, AchE, CR, TP, PA, RDW, LMR, NMR, TC, TG, HDL-C, CA19-9, CEA, Cyfra21-1, and Fer have statistical differences (p < 0.05). ALB, PLR, CEA, Fer, NLR, TP, GGT, and Cyfra21-1 in different malignant tumor types have statistical differences (p < 0.05). When CEA increased by 1, the risk of colorectal cancer increased by 45.7%. When AchE and HDL-C increased by 1, the risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 32% and 66.8%. Compared with other blood groups, blood group AB colorectal cancer patients had a shallower tumor invasion (p = 0.047). HDL-C were significantly weakly-correlated with tumor size (p < 0.05, |r| < 0.4). CEA, AchE, and HDL-C were combined diagnosed; the sensitivity, PPV, and accuracy were 94.35%, 95.43%, 90.77%, respectively. The occurrence and development of colorectal cancer is the result of multi-factors, and the combined detection of multi-indicators has positive significance for the diagnosis, pathological stage, and prevention of CRC.

Incidence of ABO Blood Groups in Patients with Oral Cancer, Premalignant Conditions, and Lesions: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract Aim of the Study: The aim was to assess the incidence and to correlate ABO blood groups in patients with oral cancer, premalignant conditions, and lesions. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective observational study. ABO blood grouping was done on 120 cases, of which 60 were with oral cancer, 20 with oral submucous fibrosis, 20 with leukoplakia, and 20 with lichen planus. About 120 healthy subjects were selected after randomization. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Out of 120 precancerous and cancerous cases, 26 had blood group A (21.6%), 46 had blood group B (38.3%), 5 had blood group AB (4.2%), and 43 had blood group O (35.83%). Among the controls, out of 120 subjects, 24 had blood group A (20%), 40 had blood group B (33.33%), 5 had blood group AB (4.2%), and 51 had blood group O (42.5%). The strength of association between was assessed using the odd’s ratio and found that people with blood group B had 1.24 times higher risk of developing oral precancerous and cancerous lesions compared to people of other blood groups. The relative risk was 1.11 for people with blood group A and 1 for those with blood group AB. The relative risk for people with blood group O was 0.75. Conclusions: In the present study, it was found that people with blood group B are at a greater risk of developing oral malignancies, followed by those with blood group A, AB, and O.

ABO/Rh Blood Group and Cervical Cancer Survival: Results from Our Own and Other Studies.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common genital cancer worldwide and is mainly caused by a persistent human papillomavirus infection. Well-known prognostic factors are age, histology, stage, stromal invasion, tumor size, and tumor grade. The relationship between the ABO and Rh system with cervical cancer has been studied since the 1950s, though without obtaining clear results. Here we investigated the association between the ABO blood group and Rh system and consecutively treated cervical cancer patients in our department. Methods: Clinical charts of cervical cancer patients treated and followed from 2010 to 2021 were checked for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and pathological data were recorded in a separate, anonymous, password-protected electronic database. All relevant data were extrapolated and used for final analysis. Results: A population of 143 cervical cancer patients was analyzed in this study. 47.6% (68/143) were blood group O, 36.4% (52/143) were blood group A, 8.4% (12/143) were blood group AB, and 7.7% (11/143) were blood group B. 14.9% (21/141) were RhD negative, while 85.1% (120/141) were RhD positive. No significant association was found between the ABO group and survival. However, patients with blood types B and AB had a higher BMI than the other blood types. RhD-negative patients exhibited a lower age at diagnosis (P=0.035) and had a higher overall survival compared to RhD-positive patients. Conclusions: The RhD factor appears to influence cervical cancer OS, but the data are too weakly significant to draw a definitive conclusion. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm this finding and to investigate the true impact of blood groups in female cancers.

Assessing the Relationship between Fingerprints and Lip Prints Patterns with Gender and Blood Group at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Fingerprints and lip prints are unique biometric markers extensively studied in forensic science for individual identification. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between fingerprints and lip print patterns concerning gender and blood group characteristics within a tertiary care hospital setting. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Forensic Medicine Loralai Medical College, Loralai Pakistan. Duration: From August 2022 to January 2023. Methods: Total 150 patients involving the collection of fingerprints and lip prints from participants were enrolled. Gender and blood group information were also recorded. Statistical analysis, including correlation tests and chi-square analysis, was employed to examine associations between biometric patterns and demographic variables. Results: The mean age of the sample population was 37.53 years, with a standard deviation of 3.2 years. Approximately 53.33% of the participants were male, while 46.67% were female. Groups A and O each comprised 26.67% of the sample, while group AB accounted for 16.67%. Type II and Type III patterns followed, accounting for 23.33% and 20.00%, respectively, while Type I patterns were least common at 16.67%. In terms of fingerprint types, loops were the most prevalent at 46.67%, followed by whorls at 30.00% and arches at 23.33%. The correlation indicates significant associations between lip prints and fingerprints with gender (χ² = 7.128, df = 3, p &lt; 0.001*) and between lip prints and fingerprints with blood group (χ² = 5.454, df = 3, p = 0.001*). These findings suggest that gender and blood group may influence the distribution of lip prints and fingerprints. Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant associations between fingerprints, lip prints, gender, and blood group characteristics among individuals at a tertiary care hospital. These findings underscore the potential utility of integrating biometric parameters for enhanced forensic identification and medical diagnostics.