Exploring the Link: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Correlation Between Periodontal Health and ABO & Rh Blood Group Phenotype in Intellectually Disabled Individuals of Dakshina Kannada District

Abstract

Background and Aim Across the globe individuals with intellectual disabilities ID are frequently noted to exhibit inferior oral hygiene and periodontal health. Previous research has demonstrated a link between periodontal health and blood grouping among apparently healthy individuals with periodontitis patients. This study attempted to assess a relationship between periodontal health and blood grouping phenotypes among individuals with intellectual disabilities in Dakshina Kannada District.Methods In Dakshina Kannada district a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 548 intellectually disabled individuals enrolled in special needs institutions. Among them 115 individuals were identified as having Down syndrome while the remaining 433 individuals had other intellectual disabilities. During the survey oral hygiene indices such as Oral Hygiene Index Simplified OHI-S Gingival index GI and Periodontal Screening and Recording PSR index were measured and ABO blood group patterns were established through self-reports verified by medical records.Results Among 548 intellectually disabled individuals distribution of blood group was as follows 32.11 had blood group A 26.64 had blood group B 23.90 had blood group O and 17.33 had blood group AB. Results of our research indicated that Down syndrome individuals with blood group lsquoOrsquo 41.7 and Rh lsquopositiversquo 58.26 were more susceptible to periodontitis.Conclusion Among intellectually disabled individuals there exists a robust correlation between periodontal health and ABO blood group phenotypes.