Incidence of ABO Blood Groups in Patients with Oral Cancer, Premalignant Conditions, and Lesions: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Abstract Aim of the Study: The aim was to assess the incidence and to correlate ABO blood groups in patients with oral cancer, premalignant conditions, and lesions. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective observational study. ABO blood grouping was done on 120 cases, of which 60 were with oral cancer, 20 with oral submucous fibrosis, 20 with leukoplakia, and 20 with lichen planus. About 120 healthy subjects were selected after randomization. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Out of 120 precancerous and cancerous cases, 26 had blood group A (21.6%), 46 had blood group B (38.3%), 5 had blood group AB (4.2%), and 43 had blood group O (35.83%). Among the controls, out of 120 subjects, 24 had blood group A (20%), 40 had blood group B (33.33%), 5 had blood group AB (4.2%), and 51 had blood group O (42.5%). The strength of association between was assessed using the odd’s ratio and found that people with blood group B had 1.24 times higher risk of developing oral precancerous and cancerous lesions compared to people of other blood groups. The relative risk was 1.11 for people with blood group A and 1 for those with blood group AB. The relative risk for people with blood group O was 0.75. Conclusions: In the present study, it was found that people with blood group B are at a greater risk of developing oral malignancies, followed by those with blood group A, AB, and O.