Group AB Research Articles

Blood Group Antigens Phenotype Frequencies among Pregnant Women in Sokoto State, Nigeria

Background: Blood group antigens have been used to evaluate ethnic diversity of human populations and had been related to predisposing individuals to some diseases or may protect individuals against some diseases. They also play the most important role in success of pregnancy and blood transfusion.
 Aim: The aim is to determine the frequencies of some blood group antigens phenotype among pregnant women.
 Materials and Methods: The study is a cross sectional study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, antenatal clinic in Usmanu Danfodiyo Teaching Hospital Sokoto, from January 2020 to September 2020. This research included 1250 consecutively -recruited pregnant women on their first antenatal visit. The blood grouping were determined using standard tube techniques for ABO, MNSs, Duffy and Kidd antigens while column agglutination card was used for Rh C, E, c, e and Kell was utilized.
 Results: The sociodemographic characteristics revealed that the age range of the subject was 17-48 years .where majority were within the age between 21-30 years (61.3%). Majority of the pregnant women had their first antenatal visit during second trimester of their pregnancy (59.7%). The distribution of the ABO blood group revealed that 48.5% were group O, 27.3% were group B, 19.4% were group A and 4.8% were group AB. Out the subjects investigated, 93.1%, 30.2%, 24.6% and 90.2% were RhD, RhC, RhE, Rhc and Rhe positive respectively. The prevalence of M, S and s positive were 75.5%, 31.4% and 63.3% respectively. Among the subjects studied, 97.6% were Kell positive while 2.4% were kell negative. The prevalence of Duffy a and b antigen were 1.1% and 0.5% respectively and the prevalence of Kidd a and b phenotype positive were 15.9% and 21.7% respectively.
 Conclusion: The pattern of distribution of ABO, Rh, MSs, Duffy and Kidd blood groups antigens among pregnant women in Sokoto was in agreement with other populations while that of Kell blood group antigen is at variance with other population particularly among Caucasians. Data derived from this study will help policy makers make evidenced –based decisions on management of HDFN.

Prevalence of adsorbed A antigen onto donor‐derived group O red cells in children following stem cell transplantation: A single‐centre evaluation

A group AB D-positive child presented 1 year after haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from a group O D-negative donor as group A D-negative. Engraftment remained at 100% in white cell lineages. The reason for the unusual result was explored, and the scarcely reported phenomenon of adsorption of secreted antigen was considered. This study also investigated the prevalence of secreted antigen adsorbed onto donor-derived group O red blood cells (RBCs) in children after HSCT and defined a process for laboratory management. Retrospective data analysis of HSCTs carried out over 19 months at Great Ormond Street Hospital was conducted to identify cases of adsorbed A antigen after HSCT. Investigation of RBC reactions with different clones of anti-A and in vitro experiments was performed to recreate adsorption. Nineteen A to O HSCTs were conducted over 19 months, of which six (31%) displayed weak A antigen on RBCs despite full myeloid engraftment. Negative reactions with anti-A were obtained when run on an alternative clone. Laboratory protocols for the future management of these cases have been developed. Passive adsorption of secreted antigen is responsible for these results and is more widespread than previously reported, as a third of A to O HSCTs at our centre demonstrated this phenomenon. A process has been implemented into the laboratory to manage this cohort, ensuring component groups compatible with both donor and recipient are given, and the shared care centres are aware of these requirements.

Distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Baloch ethnicity of Mekran Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Balochistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: In Three Districts of the Mekran Division. Period: December 2019 to September 2021. Material & Methods: After informed consent, blood grouping (ABO) and Rh D factors were determined for 14547 people who visited hospital laboratories and blood banks between December 2019 and September 2021 for blood grouping, blood donation, or any other medical reason. The blood type was determined using the antigen-antibody agglutination slide test. Results: Among 14547 individuals, 39.03% (5679) had blood group O, 27.59% (4014) had blood group B, 24.99% (3636) had blood group A and 8.37% (1218) had blood group AB. 86.7% of individuals were Rh D factor positive while 13.3% individuals were Rh-negative. Conclusion: In the Mekran division of Balochistan, the most prevalent blood group is O +ve, while the least prevalent blood group is AB -ve.

Is Low-Titer Group O Whole Blood Truly a Universal Blood Product?

Whole blood was historically transfused as a type-specific product. Given recent advocacy for low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) as a universal blood product, we examined outcomes after LTOWB transfusion stratified by recipient blood groups. Adult trauma patients receiving prehospital or in-hospital transfusion of LTOWB (November 2017 to July 2020) at a single trauma center were prospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into blood type groups (O, A, B, and AB). Major complications and survival to 30 days were compared. Univariate analyses among blood groups were followed by purposeful regression modeling, reflecting 6 variables of significance: male sex, White race, injury severity, arrival lactate, arrival systolic blood pressure, and emergency department blood products. Of 1,075 patients receiving any LTOWB, 539 (50.1%) were Group O, 340 (31.6%) were Group A, 150 (14.0%) were Group B, and 46 (4.3%) were Group AB. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics, injury severity, hemolysis panels, prehospital vitals, or resuscitation parameters (all p > 0.05). However, arrival systolic pressure was lower (91 vs 102, p = 0.034) and lactate was worse (5.5 vs 4.1, p = 0.048) in Group B patients compared to other groups. While survival and most major complications did not differ across recipient groups, acute kidney injury (AKI) initially appeared higher for Group B. Stepwise regression did not show a difference in AKI rates. This analysis was repeated in patients receiving only component products. Group B again showed no significantly increased risk of AKI (13%) compared to other groups (O 7%, A 7%, AB 5%; p = 0.091). LTOWB appears to be a safe product for universal use across all blood groups. Group B recipients arrived with worse physiologic values associated with hemorrhagic shock whether receiving LTOWB or standard component products.

Buckling Susceptibility of a K-File during the Initial Negotiations of Narrow and Curved Canals Using Different Manual Techniques.

(1) Background: One possible way to investigate the potential impact or susceptibility of buckling on different manual techniques is to measure compressive loads during canal negotiation. The higher their values, the easier and quicker the critical load level to buckling is reached, leading to possible instrument lateral deformation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impacts of compressive loads on a small K-file manipulated with different techniques for canal negotiation in simulated narrow and curved canals. (2) Methods: The tooth model selected was a plastic double-curved premolar 23 mm long (DRSK Group AB, Kasernvagen 2, SE-281 35, Hassleholm, Sweden) with an extremely narrow canal lumen to mimic a very difficult anatomical scenario. An experienced endodontist performed the negotiation of 90 of these artificial teeth randomly assigned to 3 different groups of 30 blocks each, respectively, using 3 different techniques: Group A: watch winding/pull (WW) motion; Group B: balanced forces (BF) technique; Group C: envelope of motion (EOM). The measurement system was based on the use of a dynamometer, Instron, Ltd. (model 2525-818 2kN f.s.), linked to a data acquisition unit HBM MGC+ to test all the compression and tensile loads, including all the peaks. (3) Results: All data acquired were processed by the CATMAN AP HBM software. Multiple comparisons for the highest compressive loads estimated the mean difference between WW vs. BF techniques of 3.60 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.85 to 4.35, p < 0.001], WW vs. EOM of -1.76 (95% CI: -2.11 to 1.40, p < 0.001), and BF vs. EOM -5.36 (95% CI: -6.04 to -4.67, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, among the tested manual motions, the BF technique (Group B) was the most susceptible to buckling with the highest compressive load. WW motion (Group A) and EOM (Group C) were less susceptible to buckling than the BF technique. Therefore, a pressure-free manipulation of manual files, such as WW motion or EOM, can help reduce the susceptibility to buckling during the negotiation of narrow-curved canals.

Human-derived hair follicle stem cells and hydrogen sulfide on focal cerebral ischemia model: A comparative evaluation of radiologic, neurobehavioral and immunohistochemical results

The present study investigated the effects of intracerebral human-derived hair follicle stem cells (HFBSCs), whether alone or in combination with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. The rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 10): Control (phosphate buffered saline (PBS)), Group A (at 24 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAo), stereotaxic intracerebral, 1,0 × 106, total 10 μL HFBSCs), Group B (3–14 d post-MCAo, intraperitoneal (i.p.), 25 μM/kg/day H2S), Group AB (HFBSCs + H2S). Cranial magnetic resonance images were recorded on postoperative 1st and 28th days. Three dimensional analysis was performed to calculate the infarct volumes. Rotarod and cylinder tests were performed after MCAo and finally all rats were euthanized by cardiac perfusion at 28 days after MCAo for immunohistochemical analysis. The reduction in infarct volumes of rats receiving HFBSC was significant. The cranial infarct volume on the postoperative 28th day was significantly higher in the group in which H2S was administered alone compared to the HFBSC alone group. All animals showed steadily improved spontaneous locomotor activity from day 7 post-MCAo on rotarod test, from day 1 on cylinder test, but showed no significant differences at all times. In all groups, the grading scores of CD34, CD5, CD11b and GFAP immunohistochemical markers did not differ significantly. In conclusion, intracerebral HFBSC treatment after 24 h of ischemic stroke may be an effective way to reduce the cranial infarct volume, whereas H2S treatment alone or in combination with HFBSC may not be sufficient for ischemic brain injury.

Tongue rolling and hand clasping among various ABO blood groups in a University community in Eastern Nigeria

Morphogenetic traits are physical observable traits that can be inherited either in a single gene or multifactorial pattern. ABO blood group is a codominant inherited trait that has been associated with different anatomical and physiological variations. However, there are limited studies that have linked ABO blood groups with some morphogenetic traits.
 This study was conducted to ascertain the distribution of morphogenetic traits like hand clasping and tongue rolling among ABO blood groups in a University community in Eastern Nigeria.
 A total of 115 volunteers participated in the study. The blood groups of the participants were determined and the expression of the morphogenetic traits was gotten by physical observation. Greater proportion of the participants were males (55.65 %), students (61.74 %) and within ages 15−25 (58.26 %). There was a higher prevalence of blood group O (57.39 %), tongue non-rollers (53.04 %) and right hand clasping (74.78 %) among the participants. The participants with blood groups A and O recorded a higher distribution of tongue non-rollers while those with blood groups B and AB recorded an equal number of both tongue roller and non-rollers. The participants with blood groups A, B and O recorded a higher distribution of right hand clasping while those with blood group AB recorded a significant higher distribution of left hand clasping (P<0.05).
 In conclusion, morphogenetic pattern of tongue rolling could not be associated with ABO blood group, whereas that of left hand clasping was associated with blood group AB suggesting that individuals with blood group AB is likely to exhibit left hand clasping; forming basis for determination of hand clasping using ABO blood group in future advancement of genetics and forensic science

Persisting Endothelial Cell Activation and Hypercoagulability after Recovering from COVID-19: The Roadmap-Post COVID-19 Study

Background: In patients with severe COVID-19, activation of blood coagulation and endothelial cells orchestrated with complement activation and cytokine storm leads to disease worsening and death. Hypercoagulable state and endothelial cell activation and fibrinolytic unbalance are common alterations in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized either at the conventional medical ward or at the intensive care unit (ICU). Two systematic reviews highlight that D-dimer values are higher in non survivors as well as in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with mild disease, showing the association between D-dimer levels and disease severity or death. Nevertheless, there are limited data in small series of patient, on the persistence of hypercoagulability and endothelial cell activation following recovery from COVID-19. Aims: To investigate the persistence of endothelial cell activation and hypercoagulability after recovery from COVID-19. Patients/Methods. COVID-19 survivors (n = 208) and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Methods: In ,total, 208 COVID-19 survivors were included in the study; 125 males (60%) and 83 females (40%) with a median age of 50 years (IQR = 20, range 18 to 78 years). Biomarkers of hypercoagulability and endothelial cell activation: The procoagulant phospholipid-dependent clotting time (PPL-ct) was measured using a factor Xa-based clotting assay STA®-Procoag-PPL. Free-TFPI levels were measured with the ELISA Free TFPI, Asserachrom®; D-dimer and fibrin monomers (FM) were measured by STA Liatest D-Di and STA Liatest FM; soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) was measured by Asserachrom® TM. All assays were from Diagnostica Stago, Asnières, France. Heparanase-levels were measured with ELISA kits R&D. Systems (Lille France). Detection of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies: IgG and IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in the sera of the survivors using a semi-quantitative commercial ELISA methodology (Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lubeck, Germany) Results: The median interval between symptom onset and screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 62 days (IQR = 22 days). Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in all survivors enrolled in the study. The median level of IgG and IgA antibodies was 5.68 U (IQR = 6.19) and 3.62 U (IQR = 5.36), respectively. In 112 survivors with known blood group, 48 (43%) were group O, 44 (39%) were group A, 14 (13%) were group B, and 6 (5.4%) were group AB. Survivors showed significantly higher levels of D-Dimers, FM, TFPI, and heparanase as compared to that of the control group. Survivors had significantly shorter PPL-ct . One out of four of COVID-19 survivors showed increase at least one biomarker of endothelial cell activation or hypercoagulability (Table1). Elevated D-dimer was associated with older age. Elevated FM was associated with female gender. Elevated heparanase was independently associated with male gender. Decreased Procoag-PPL clotting time was associated with female gender. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis examining predictors of hypercoagulability in study cohort of COVID-19 survivors are reported in table 2 . The interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and assessment was not associated with the changes of the studied biomarkers. Conclusion: The ROADMAP-postCOVID-19 study offers an analysis of a large panel of biomarkers of endothelial cell activation and hypercoagulability in survivors of COVID-19. The study documents that two months after symptoms' onset, activation of endothelial cells, in vivo thrombin generation, and fibrin lysis are frequent phenomena up to two months from COVID-19 symptom onset. The data presented herein allow to propose that evaluation of blood hypercoagulability (using D-dimer for instance) and endothelial cell activation could offer the possibility of prompt identification of COVID-19 survivors at risk of post-COVID-19 vascular complications. The findings of the present study underline the need for a thorough evaluation of a potential correlation between the sustained hypercoagulability and endothelial cell activation with the symptomatology of long-COVID-19 to apply anticipated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The clinical relevance of the identified biomarkers of endothelial activation and hypercoagulability in the assessment of the risk of long COVID-19 must be investigated in a prospective study. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Severe acute haemolytic transfusion reaction secondary to a plasma incompatible group B platelet transfusion.

To report a rare case of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) following an ABO plasma incompatible group B platelet transfusion. AHTR is an uncommon, but potentially fatal event. Most reported cases of platelet transfusions associated with AHTR involve group O donors. A 34-year-old man, recipient of a group AB haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), had received re-induction chemotherapy for leukaemia relapse. A group B whole blood-derived buffy coat platelet pool was transfused. He developed rigours/fever, profound hemolytic anaemia, and hemodynamic instability. Serological investigations revealed AHTR from passive transfer of high titre anti-A (256 for IgM and 8192 for IgG). This case highlights the potential risks associated with ABO-mismatched transfusions, and the complexity associated with transfusing HSCT recipients and red cell transfusion recipients with dual populations of circulating red cells. The literature on minor ABO plasma incompatible transfusions, challenges in establishing local policies to limit the risks of AHTR and risk mitigation strategies are discussed. Clinicians must maintain a high level of suspicion for AHTR after ABO plasma incompatible platelet transfusions. Patients must be aware of the risks of AHTR, and early recognition and diagnosis of this complication may be lifesaving.

Defining Current Patterns of Blood Product Use during Intensive Induction Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Introduction Blood product transfusion continues to retain a critical role in the supportive care of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) particularly during the initial phase of intensive induction chemotherapy. Whereas previous studies have shown increased transfusion dependency to portend inferior outcome, clinical and disease features predictive of an increased transfusion burden and the overall prognostic impact of transfusion support in this setting have not been determined as of yet. Herein, we evaluated the various blood product components administered during induction aiming to delineate current transfusion practices in AML patients. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 180 consecutive adult patients with newly diagnosed AML, who were treated with intensive chemotherapy from December 2014 through January 2022 at the Sheba Medical Center. Clinical data extraction and exploration were done with the MDClone big data platform. All patients assessed in the study received standard anthracycline and cytarabine-based intensive induction chemotherapy or CPX-351. Patients received irradiated and leukodepleted blood products. Alloimmunization was defined according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group criteria. Results The analysis comprised 180 patients with a median age of 57 years (range 19-77) with 80% designated as de novo AML and the remainder as secondary AML. Fifty-four patients (31%) were FLT3-ITD mutated and 73 patients (42%) harbored NPM1. Favorable risk and intermediate risk ELN 2017 patients accounted for 43% and 34% of patients, respectively. The median number of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet units given during induction were 9 units and 7, respectively. Seventeen patients (9%) received cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was given to 12 patients (7%). Lower initial hemoglobin and platelet levels were predictive of increased use of RBC (p<0.0001) and platelet transfusions (p<0.0001). Use of FFP was significantly associated with induction related mortality (42% versus 5%; p<0.0001) and with FLT3-ITD status (72% versus 28%; p=0.004). Transfusion associated alloimmunization was seen in 7 patients (4%) with patients with lower mean initial platelet counts being more likely to experience alloimmunization (38 X 109/l versus 83 X 109/l; p=0.01). Alloimmunized patients had significantly higher RBC transfusion (14 units versus 9.5 units; p=0.012) and prestorage leukodepleted filtered RBC (6.1 units versus 1.6 units; p<0.0001) requirements during induction compared with non-alloimmunized patients. Blood group AB experienced improved mean overall survival compared to blood group O patients (4.1 years versus 2.8 years; p=0.025). In multivariate analysis, increased number of FFP [hazard ratio (HR), 4.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1-8.6; p<0.001) and RBC units (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8; p=0.008) given was associated with inferior survival. Conclusion In this analysis we comprehensively mapped the transfusion trajectory of AML patients during induction therapy and identified clinically meaningful associations impacting the need for the various blood components as well as overall survival. Transfusion needs during induction crucially impact the clinical trajectory of AML patients. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Lung transplant waitlist outcomes among ABO blood groups vary based on disease severity

Blood group O candidates have lower lung transplantation rates despite having the most common blood group. We postulated that waitlist outcomes among these candidates and those with other blood types vary with disease severity and lung allocation score (LAS). We performed a retrospective cohort study of 32,772 waitlist candidates using the United Network of Organ Sharing registry from May 2005 to 2020. After identifying an interaction between blood group and LAS, we evaluated the association between blood group and waitlist outcomes within LAS quartiles using unadjusted and adjusted competing risk models. In the lowest LAS quartile, blood group O had a 20% reduced transplantation rate (SHR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.75-0.85) and higher waitlist death/removal (1.33, 95%CI: 1.15-1.55) compared with group A. Blood group AB had a 52% higher transplantation rate (SHR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.34-1.73) in the lowest LAS quartile compared with group A. In the highest LAS quartile, there was no difference in transplantation rates between groups O and A. In contrast, group B had a 19% reduced transplantation rate (SHR, 0.81 95%CI: 0.73-0.89) and AB had a 28% reduced transplantation rate (SHR: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.61-0.86) in the highest LAS quartile. Additionally, groups B and AB had increased risk of waitlist death/removal in the highest LAS quartile compared with A (SHR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.08-1.48; SHR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.00-1.72). Waitlist outcomes among ABO blood groups vary depending on illness severity, which is represented by LAS. Blood group O has lower transplantation rates at low LAS while groups B and AB have lower transplantation rates at high LAS.

ODP610 Assessing ABO and Rh Blood Group as a COVID-19 Risk Factor

Abstract Objective Precision medicine harnesses the N-of-1 approach to detect, predict, reverse, and stop progression of disorders of aging through longitudinal observation of biomarkers with respect to genetic makeup. ABO and Rh blood group are two genetic markers that inform risk for dysglycemia, hypercortisolemia, and hypothyroidism, among others. Early in the pandemic, scientists sought to understand whether ABO and Rh blood group was also a risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility. If proven true, the presence of mutual disease mechanisms between COVID-19 and diseases of the endocrine system may also exist. In the present study, ABO and Rh blood group was examined as a risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility. Methods Inclusion criteria for this retrospective observational study were an active patient status in December 2019 and a record of ABO and Rh blood group on Quest Laboratory's online portal. ABO and Rh blood groups were compiled and analyzed using chi-square test, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) for association to COVID-19 susceptibility. Results 136 adult patients met inclusion criteria for this study, 44 of whom tested positive for COVID-19. The cohort was 30% female, ranging in age from 20-78 years (mean=54 years). In the COVID-19 patients, the respective frequencies of A, B, O, and AB phenotypes were 27.27%, 25. 00%, 38.64%, and 9. 09%. Of these patients, 88.64% were Rh positive. Blood group A (OR = 0.70; CI, 0.32-1.5; p &amp;gt; . 05), group B (OR = 1.58; CI, 0.66-3.78; p &amp;gt; . 05), group O (OR = 0.78; CI, 0.38-1.63, p &amp;gt; . 05), and group AB (OR = 2.97; CI, 0.63-13.9; p &amp;gt; . 05) were not significantly associated with COVID-19 susceptibility. Rh factor was also found to be an insignificant variable (OR = 2. 03; CI, 0.70-5.85; p &amp;gt; . 05). Discussion These findings support the growing body of literature dissociating ABO and Rh blood group from COVID-19 susceptibility. As such, it could be advised that ABO and Rh blood group is not factored into risk stratification for COVID-19 susceptibility in contrast to particular endocrine disorders. A significant limitation of this analysis is that ABO genotypes were unknown. A recent genome-wide association study confirmed a potential involvement of ABO blood group in COVID-19 clinical presentation1. Therefore, deeper analysis may also reveal the mechanistic influence of ABO genotypes on COVID-19 susceptibility, such as the type and quantity of ABO-antibodies in circulation. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether biomarkers known to inform risk of endocrine disorders also influence COVID-19 susceptibility. Understanding what governs this relationship would allow endocrinologists to develop targeted interventions to optimize an individual's health trajectory.

HEPATOTOXICITY INDUCED BY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO DELTAMETHRIN, ABAMECTIN AND THEIR MIXTUREIN MALE PIGEON (Columba livia domestica)

Background and Aim: Nowadays, pesticide mixtures are largely applied in the field of agriculture, which poses serious health risks for humans and domestic animals. The present study has been carried out to investigates both the individual and the combined effects of two pesticides deltamethrin (DM) and abamectin (ABA) on hepatic function of male pigeons (Columba livia domestica).&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using twenty-four (24) mature male pigeons weighing 298 ± 4.15 g. They are divided into four equal groups as follows, the control group, group DE: treated with deltamethrin (DM) (40 mg/kg), group AB: treated with abamectin (ABA) (20 mg/kg), group DE+AB: treated with mixture of the two doses of deltamethrin and abamectin (40+ 20 mg/kg) respectively. All groups were treated by oral gavage for 12 weeks.&#x0D; Results: Biochemical results show a significant increase of the hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and glucose levels, with a remarkable decrease in albumin concentration in all of the treated groups. However, the joint action of the pesticides mixture revealed an antagonist effect on all tested biochemical parameters. Thus, the histopathological profile of liver demonstrated a severe injury of all treated groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: The individual and the combined exposure of pigeons to deltamethrin and abamectin caused different functional and structural alterations of liver, with antagonist interaction between the combined doses.

The Role of ABO Blood Groups in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prediction

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the ABO blood group characteristics in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted on pregnant women with GDM in Yas Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2018 to March 2019. Results: Totally, 449 pregnant women enrolled in the study. The average age of the participants was 32.26±5.08 years with a range between 18 and 45 years. 46% of the participants were treated with insulin. In this study, 35% were typed as group O, 34.3% as group A, 24.3% as group B, and 6.5% as group AB. The Rh+ blood antigen was present in 92% of the pregnant women. Blood group A (35.7%) was the highest in pregnant women with insulin therapy and the frequency of blood group O was the highest in pregnant women with diet (39.5%) and metformin therapy (35.7%). Conclusion: In pregnant women with insulin therapy, the most prevalent blood group was A. This was different from those that are frequent in the Iranian normal population and pregnant women with GDM who underwent diet therapy. It seems that blood group A, as a probable associated factor for GDM, can be beneficial in high-risk pregnancy detection for GDM in the Iranian population.

Genotyping of the rare Para-Bombay blood group in southern Thailand

IntroductionThe para-Bombay phenotype, or H-deficient secretor, results from different mutations of the FUT1, with or without the FUT2 mutation. Consequently, there is an absent or weak expression of the H antigen on red blood cells (RBCs). Routine ABO blood grouping for two siblings with blood group O showed discrepant results with their parental blood group AB. Fragments encompassing the entire coding region of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes were investigated. MethodsBlood and saliva specimens were collected to verify the correct ABO grouping by cell grouping, serum grouping and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, respectively. The FUT1 and FUT2 genomes were identified using the whole-exome sequencing (WES) in two children's DNA blood specimens and may have caused, or been relative to, their blood group. Genetic variations of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes have been investigated in the other family members using the Sanger sequencing. ResultsThe serologic reaction results of the proband revealed that A, B and H antigens were absent on RBCs, and that the serum contained anti-H. However, ABH and AH antigens were present in the saliva PB1 and PB2, respectively. The probands PB1 and PB2 were assigned as AB and A blood groups, respectively. Blood genotyping confirmed that heterozygous mutations of the FUT1 gene, c.551_552delAG, were identified. Three family members, PB3, PB, and PB8, also showed normal ABO blood groups, but their genotypes were also the FUT1 mutation c.551_552delAG. ConclusionsThe FUT1 mutation c.551_552delAG may result in the reduced or absent H antigen production on RBCs, which characterizes the para-Bombay phenotypes. Blood genotyping is essential if these individuals need a blood transfusion or are planning to donate blood.

The Effect of Premedication on the Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in 270 Dogs Undergoing General Anesthesia.

Simple SummaryGastroesophageal reflux (GOR) in anesthetized dogs has been extensively studied throughout the last 40 years. However, the factors affecting the incidence of GOR are still in debate while it is widely accepted that GOR is a multifactorial incidence. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of three preanesthetic agents (dexmedetomidine, acepromazine, midazolam), combined with three different opioids (morphine, pethidine, butorphanol), commonly used in small animal anesthesia, on the incidence of reflux in anesthetized dogs. Two hundred and seventy dogs were allocated into nine different groups in accordance to the premedication administered. All dogs underwent non-intrathoracic, non-intrabdominal elective surgeries or invasive diagnostic procedures, while the pH of the esophagus was measured with the use of a pH-meter electrode during the procedure. A detection of esophageal pH below 4 and above 7.5 was consider to be GOR. The study outcome suggested that the addition of opioids in premedication enhanced the incidence of GOR, within the reported values when compared to literature data. No differences were observed among the groups in which the three different opioids were used as far as the incidence of GOR was concerned. Nonetheless, castrations resulted in an increased incidence of GOR when compared to invasive diagnostic procedures.The aim of this prospective, non-randomized study was to evaluate the effect of nine different premedication medications on the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) in anesthetized dogs. Two hundred and seventy dogs undergoing non-intrathoracic, non-intrabdominal elective surgeries or invasive diagnostic procedures were included in the study, and were allocated into nine groups (30 dogs/group) defined by the type of premedication administered. Premedication consisted of dexmedetomidine with either morphine, pethidine or butorphanol, acepromazine with either one of the three opioids or midazolam with one of the above-mentioned opioids. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Esophageal pH was measured with the use of a pH-meter electrode and a pH-value less than 4 and over 7.5 was considered to be GOR. The study revealed that 119/270 (44.1%) dogs experienced a reflux episode during anesthesia. The incidence of reflux did not differ among groups (p = 0.117). In group AB the dogs refluxed within 10 min of the beginning of pH-measurements, in comparison with group DB in which dogs refluxed within 30 min (p = 0.029). Invasive diagnostic procedures had a lower incidence of GOR in comparison to castrations (p = 0.09). The outcome of the study suggests that none of the opioids used increased the incidence of GOR in anesthetized dogs.

Seropositivity of COVID-19 Among Healthy Voluntary Blood Donors and Its Association with Blood Groups: A Reflection of Burden of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Cases in The District of South Gujarat

Introduction: First case of COVID-19 in the district was reported on 19th March 2020, thereby increasing exponentially, presenting with various symptoms to having few or no symptoms, posing challenge to prevent disease transmission by being a significant source of infection. This study conducted to assess relationship between COVID-19 infection within blood groups and burden of reported cases in the district to seropositivity among donors. Methodology: This is a prospective observational study from second largest blood bank of south Gujarat, catering to a population of seven million, 4916 donors from the month of August 2020 to May 2021 participated in the study. Observations: Seropositivity was found to be 54.6%, with higher prevalence (68.63%) among female compared to male (54.45%), there was no statistical difference among age groups &amp; RH groups, blood group AB was found to have highest seropositivity followed by A, B and O group. First time donors seropositivity was higher compared to frequent donors among the study participants. Seropositivity among donors was positively corelated with RTPCR Positivity rate reported in the district. Conclusions: Looking at similar trend of active surveillance and its correlation to blood bank positivity, we urge policy makers to strengthen hospital-based surveillance for real time insights.

Distribution of ABO blood group in surgical patients at a tertiary hospital in rivers state, Nigeria

The significance of determining the distribution of blood group of patients prior to surgical procedures cannot be over-emphasized. This is because surgical patients may need blood transfusion pre-operatively, intra-operatively or post-operatively. The distribution of ABO blood group varies in different regions of the world. Aim: To determine the distribution of ABO blood group in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Method: This was a one-year retrospective study of Surgical patients (Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology departments) of the RSUTH. The patients comprised of all the consecutive cases of the surgeries in these departments for the period under review. Ethical clearance was obtained from ethical committee of the Rivers State Hospital Management Board. Structured profoma was used to extract information from patients’ case notes and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: A total of 370 patients were attended to pre-operatively. There were 146 (39.5%) males and 224 (60.5%) females. The mean age was 31 years. The age range was 22 years to 56 years. One hundred and ninety four (52.4%) were obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries while 176 (47.6 %) were non-gynaecological surgeries. The commonest indication for surgery was caesarean representing 126 (34.1%) of the subject. The distribution of blood was as follows O 233 (63.0%), A 66 (17.8%), B 56 (15.1%), AB 15 (4.1%). Sex distribution of blood group O comprised of 140 (37.9%) females had blood O while 93 (25.1%) were males. Conclusion: Our study revealed the most prevalent blood group in surgical patients as blood group as O (63.0%) and the least prevalent blood group was blood group AB. The prime reason for ascertaining blood group especially in surgical patients is for transfusion of compatible blood when the need arises.

Wider perspectives: It's a changing world-The use of ABO-incompatible plasma for resuscitating massively bleeding patients.

Wider perspectives: It's a changing world-The use of ABO-incompatible plasma for resuscitating massively bleeding patients.

Association between ABO blood groups genotype variation and sever infection of COVID-19 in Iraqi patients

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by new beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Recently, several studies provided evidences to confirm that factors such as blood group type and the genetic variations play a significant role in severe infection. The current study focused on ABO blood group type and genetic suitability. 100 (male &amp; female) sample were collected. The number of infected males was higher than female number (60% male), while the females were (40 %), the highest number of patients within age group 25-35 cases in male. while female showed the highest percentage infection in the age group 15-25. The blood group A among patients with was significantly higher 34 %. While the lowest proportion of blood group AB. We applied Sanger sequencing method to identify the genetic variation distribution patterns of single nucleotide polymorphisms regions of the ABO genetic locus rs657152 at the 9q34.2c. Initially, genomic DNA was extracted successfully for all cases followed amplification ABO gene locus, further alignment of sequences samples against a Homo sapiens in the NCBI showed two mutants type SNPs for mostly A/C and C/C associated sever infection corresponding the sequence the control A/A.