Geoinformation Systems Research Articles

Геоинформационное обеспечение мониторинга опасных экзогенных геологических процессов в береговой зоне Азовского моря

The shores of the Sea of Azov are exposed to dangerous exogenous geological processes—abrasion, landslide processes, beach erosion. For more effective monitoring, spatial analysis and risk assessment of the above-mentioned hazards, a geoinformation system (GIS) “Coastal processes in the Sea of Azov” has been created. GIS contains: the results of field observations of coastal processes on the reference network for more than 60 years, historical maps, data from literary sources, Earth remote sensing data—satellite images and aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles, observation data from coastal hydrometeorological stations, ERA-Interim and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data, automated sea level monitoring data in the coastal zone. GIS “Coastal processes in the Sea of Azov” was implemented on the ArcGIS 10 software platform. All data are structured in the basic blocks (a block of basic spatial model, a block of information about the shores and the natural environment, a block of field research, a block of remote observation data, a block of socio-economic information, a block of analytical information), each of which relies on spatial databases that were created as a result of the systematization of relevant information. A number of decision support tools to assess the danger and risk of abrasive and landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov, have been developed. They are embedded in GIS and have the possibility of spatial visualization. The created geoinformation products make it possible to identify the most dangerous areas of the coast for the subsequent prepare a list of measures and decision-making to ensure their safety. Access to the work results is implemented through a cartographic web interface.

Geoecological assessment and monitoring of the territory: the technology based on landscape mapping of anthropogenic geocomplexes

The purpose of the study is to form the methodology for assessing the state and monitoring of the territory on the basis of landscape mapping of anthropogenic geocomplexes/geosystems. The algorithm and technological scheme for assessing the state and monitoring of the area has the following components: 1) determination of the territorial level and approximate scale of mapping of anthropogenic geocomplexes; 2) selection of the classification of anthropogenic geocomplexes and it revision; 3) development of a geoinformation system and preparation of the layer (mapping) of anthropogenic geocomplexes of the selected level; 4) characteristics and assessment of the state of the area based on the analysis of the map and the spectra of anthropogenic geocomplexes; 5) comparative analysis of the state of the area at different periods – monitoring, it repeats blocks 3 and 4 for another period. The structural-functional classification of anthropogenic geocomplexes is developed. The ‘Anthropogenic geocomplexes of Primorsky Krai’ geoinformation system has been developed. Its main content consists of a set of layers, such as anthropogenic meso-landscapes, made for the entire area of the Primorsky Krai, as well as anthropogenic micro-landscapes, anthropogenic localities and anthropogenic landscapes, which are prepared for key areas. The map of anthropogenic geocomplexes/geosystems is the most important component of the technology under consideration. The indispensability of the map of techno-natural, natural-technical and technical micro-landscapes, meso-landscapes, localities or landscapes is that it gives a diverse, complex vision of the most transformed by human activity geocomplexes, their diversity, dynamics, ratio, distribution. This map allows assessing the state and tracking changes in the most important complex characteristics of the territory, first of all, the nature and degree of the transformation. Such a map is a good complement to any technology for assessing the state and monitoring the territory. When mapping anthropogenic (technical, natural-technical and techno-natural) geocomplexes, when natural geocomplexes are not involved, significantly less labor and time costs are required for creating a geoinformation system and preparing a map. In this case, mapping only anthropogenic geocomplexes is a very informative express method of assessment, analysis, and monitoring.

Разработка геоинформационной системы мониторинга воспроизводства населения России

In the last decades of the XX–XXI centuries. in Russia, the nature of the formation of the population as a whole in the country and in its regions in particular has changed. During the post-Soviet period, the country is undergoing a deep demographic crisis, depopulation processes have been actively developed. In this regard, it becomes relevant to conduct a study on monitoring the reproduction of the Russian population. Monitoring based on geographic information systems has a number of advantages in processing and interpreting a large array of spatial data. The article shows the experience of creating a conceptual scheme of a geoinformation monitoring system, methods of geoinformation modeling, formation of the structure of a spatial database, a necessary element of geoinformation monitoring. The conceptual scheme of the geoinformation monitoring system is based on the development of a geoinformation modeling technique, the creation of a spatial data base and the formation of a geoinformation monitoring structure. The creation of a geoinformation monitoring system is supposed to be based on the Esri ArcGis Online platform, a database management system (DBMS)—PostgreSQL 10. The geoinformation modeling technique used in the work includes the creation of a spatial database, building models in geoinformation systems, and analyzing the results of geomodeling. For geomodeling and the subsequent creation of maps, a number of the most common methods and methods are used: typological, the method of cartographic anamorphic images, the method of qualitative and quantitative background, methods of areas, cartograms, ranges of values, the method of movement of arrows, etc. The spatial database is a subsystem for geoinformation monitoring of regional features of the reproduction of the Russian population and is designed to collect, organize, store and update data. The possibilities of geoinformation systems for monitoring the reproduction of the Russian population, methods and methods of modeling in geoinformation systems are considered. As a result, a database of spatial data “Reproduction of the population in Russia” was created and a series of spatio-temporal models was built. The trends in the reproduction of the population of the post-Soviet period are analyzed with the identification of the main periods in the transformation of the reproduction of the population, a typology of regions is carried out, taking into account the ratio of natural and migration growth and their contribution to the dynamics of the total population.

Zoning pipeline routes according to the degree of danger of accidents using geoinformation systems and artificial neural networks

Zoning pipeline routes according to the degree of danger of accidents using geoinformation systems and artificial neural networks

Analysis and evaluation of the resource potential of a territory using the method of geocognitive modeling

The relevance of the study consists in the new subject matter and details of geospatial support for the procedure of strategic planning in the development of regions under conditions of digital transformation. The objective of the study is to present the ideas, new views, and innovative approaches to the use of geospatial data, information, and knowledge in evaluating territorial resources and in substantiating the possibility of applying the method of geocognitive modeling to analysis of the resource potential of territories with a view to strategic planning of their social and economic development. The issues of using geospatial knowledge about a territory, of revealing and presenting territorial characteristics influencing a territory’s evaluation, balanced and efficient use of the natural resources, material, technological, human and other potentials were investigated. Findings of the study: analysis of one of the main trends in territorial development over the recent years (intensive use of geoinformation, geoinformation systems, geospatial knowledge, and geospatial analytical data in planning and management of countries and regions) was made. Formal interpretation of the evaluation and use of territorial resources as objects of a single economic system is proposed. Based on formal logical analysis, a theoretical multiple presentation of the process of analyzing the value of a territory from the viewpoint of its industrial use and spatial opportunities is made. The concept of a geo-fragment is used as an elementary unit of geospace in which industrial and/or natural processes take place and interaction of the objects of different industrial fields occurs. Theoretical and practical meaning: a new geocognitive method of evaluating various properties of a territory is proposed, including the degree of development, knowledge, and being fit for comfortable living of people and other territorial aspects. The technological interpretation of the proposed method for assessing the economic value of regional resources is provided. Conclusion: geospatial activity in the territorial context is becoming an important factor in planning territorial development when optimizing the distribution (redistribution) of territorial resources by way of complex interaction of industries and clusters. The study opens up opportunities for further development of the methods, approaches and technologies of formation and use of geospatial knowledge and geocognitive technologies.

Geodata mapping of snow cover via geoinformation system: as an example of Kashkadarya province, Uzbekistan

Geodata mapping of snow cover via geoinformation system: as an example of Kashkadarya province, Uzbekistan

О программе создания кадастровых инженерно-хозяйственных карт муниципальных образований районов Прибайкалья

The article considers the composition, purpose and content of cadastral engineering and economic maps (CEEM), describes the information to be displayed on CEEM that can be obtained from state cadastres and registers. It also describes the characteristics of the technology for the creation of cadas-tral engineering and economic cardboards CEEM though the consideration of the three main CEEM creation stages: design, drawing and preparing the map for publication. All stages involve the use of a single electronic cartographic basis, remote sensing data from space, geoinformation systems. The use of the technology described in the article will allow performing inventory and cadastral engineering and economic mapping. The resulting cartographic works – cadastral engineering and economic maps - contribute to improving the efficiency of land and other resources management, solving problems of municipal territories’ development that arise when making planning decisions, analyzing and evaluating available resources.

IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article reveals the essence and meaning of digitization. It was established that the list of the most promising digital technologies according to the results of the World Economic Forum in Davos includes: artificial intelligence, mobile, biometric and cloud technologies, virtualization, blockchain, augmented reality, additive technologies (3D printing). The Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020 noted the need for digitalization of agricultural enterprises, which depends on the competitiveness of agricultural producers. Digitization enables agricultural enterprises to share information, establish cooperation and peer review, compare their production with others, and develop informal information systems that can complement more formal information systems. The most long-awaited event in the field of electronic communications in Ukraine is the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Electronic Communications", which should ensure the dynamic development of the electronic communications market according to European standards and at the same time improve the quality of services in this area. It is figured out that at the current stage of development of Ukraine, a powerful digital strategy for managing agricultural enterprises is gradually being formed, based on the use of computer technologies, geo-information systems, management of business processes of production, SMART equipment, logistics, marketing, which will allow differentiated and clear consideration of technical, technological and management decisions. It was considered how digitization affects the efficiency of agricultural producers, and the system of information and communication technologies was developed, which contributes to ensuring the process of digitization of agricultural enterprises. The step-by-step algorithm for the introduction of digitalization processes into the activities of agricultural enterprises and the mechanism of digitalization of agricultural enterprises are proposed. Keywords: digitization, efficiency, agricultural enterprise, digital technologies, electronic communications, profit, competitive advantage.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES OF COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING BASED ON AEROSPACE AND GROUND RESEARCH DATA

The article considers the possibilities of using geoinformation systems and remote land sensing systems in detecting the development of degradation processes of the soil cover. The use of satellite technologies for the detection of soil degradation and timely response to these processes requires timely information and the availability of a database. The environmental safety system is aimed at forecasting and preventing emergency situations of technogenic and ecological nature. It includes the development of forecasting models and algorithms, as well as the allocation of resources to take immediate action in the event of such situations, as well as information about potential hazards, risks and possible consequences. With the use of geodetic surveying and computer processing of the surveying results, the coordinates of land plot plans were obtained. Satellite images were used to obtain data on changes in soil cover over a large area and on a large scale. Aerial photographs reveal small changes in soil structure, indicating signs of erosion or other degradation processes. Digital electronic terrain maps provide geographic information about an area, including geological and geomorphological features. They are used to combine other data, such as satellite images or aerial photographs, and create a comprehensive picture of the state of the soil. In the course of research, the system of ecological monitoring of soil cover using the method of infrared spectrophotometry was improved. The method of physico-chemical analysis of soil samples is substantiated and the dependence between the state of soil contamination by individual chemical elements and their genesis is established. The creation of a computer database and the use of space images in combination with other geo-information technologies really allows for effective monitoring and analysis of soil degradation and other agricultural objects.

Технологии информационной поддержки контроля качества питьевого водоснабжения с использованием ГИС

Addresses the issues of creating of a geoinformation system for assessing the quality of drinking water in a centralised domestic drinking water supply. The created system allows to systemise heterogeneous data, analyse it, and quickly represent the current environmental situation on the map. The algorithm is based on the methodology for assessing the quality improvement of drinking water, developed by Rospotrebnadzor in 2019. The algorithm allows for an integral assessment of a group of indicators, including various classes of substances (chemical, bacteriological, parasitic). The analysis is made for each observation point for a time period equal to a year. The assessment is made for each class of substances, resulting in marking water samples as high-quality or non-high-quality. Algorithm was implemented in Python using NumPy library. The resulting script represents a tool that is part of the ArcToolbox suite and runs in the ArcGIS for Desktop environment. The algorithm was tested on the existing water quality monitoring data in the Leningrad region. Thematic maps were designed based on the results of the analysis in GIS (geoinformation system) ArcGIS for Desktop. The maps clearly represent the existing ecological situation.

Использование геоинформационных технологий в изучении картометрических и морфометрических характеристик озер Северного Казахстана

The study is devoted to determining the possibilities of using geoinformation systems and technologies for organizing and implementing geoecological monitoring surveys of lakes in the territory of one of the largest lake regions within Kazakhstan—the North Kazakhstan region. The important task of creating a unified electronic catalog of lakes in the study area and placing it in free open access was practically solved. The studied quantitative and qualitative composition of topographic, cartometric, morphometric, hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, geoecological and other data on the lakes of the region made it possible to use in the catalog a number of cartometric and morphometric indicators common for all areal water bodies. For each of these indicators, a fixed set of values was determined containing information about various aspects of their state. In the procedure for describing and characterizing lakes, such parameters as their length, width, average and maximum depths, features of the bottom topography and its profiles, the length of the coastline and envelope, the degree of indentation of the coastline, the area of the reservoir and catchment area, the volume water mass, the degree of overgrowth of higher emersed vegetation, and others. Based on the analysis of the database of lakes created in Microsoft Excel application and desktop GIS digital mapping software product MapInfo Professional, a series of geoinformation and cartographic materials was prepared, in particular, maps that allow you to quickly obtain the necessary cartometric and morphometric indicators and geoecological characteristics of large lakes in the study region. Thus, by using the potential of graphical visualization of information from a specialized regional GIS in the MapInfo software shell, the possibilities of graphical representation of traditional statistical data of qualitative and quantitative cartometric and morphometric characteristics of lakes are clearly illustrated. The results of the work carried out, the obtained geoinformation and cartographic materials and significant amounts of information accumulated in databases of specialized regional GIS make it possible to organize and carry out a complex of full-scale monitoring studies of lakes for a large set of indicators, which is not only relevant and allows you to track the current state, but also to identify the dynamics of lake ecosystems within the territory of the region.

Модели поведения радионуклидов в звене «почва-растение» для систем поддержки принятия решения. Обзор

The main objectives for semi-mechanistic models enhancement are justified in the article. The "soil-plant" chain is an essential part of radioisotopes flows from nuclear accident depositions to human beings. Therefore a model which describes this system should be integrated into decision support systems for liquidation consequences of accidents with releasing radioisotopes into the environment, evaluation effectiveness of measures for radiation protection, and designing hazardous radiation facilities. Such a model must show rather exact forecast results, flexibility and wide application area convenience for practical use, and other properties. Presented now models of radionuclides behavior in "soil-plant" system divided on empiric, mechanistic, and semi-mechanistic. The empirical ones do not take into account the basic mechanisms of changes in the biological availability of radionuclides and their absorption by plants, and require constant updating and refinement of the transition parameters. Mechanistic models are of little use in real life. The last ones best meet the requirements noted above. However, substantial efforts are needed for improving their accuracy, usability, and generalization. This requires integration into data models from existing and planned sensor systems; consideration of additional factors influ-encing the transfer of radionuclides to plants; increasing the level of generalization of models with adjustment to local conditions; the use of machine learning methods to integrate information accumulated in related fields into the model; coverage of more radioactive isotopes; adding an uncertainty estimate to the simulation result; integration of models of radionuclide behavior into geoinformation systems; maintaining a sufficient level of interpretability and visibility of modeling results.

THE WAR CONSEQUENCES ON NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: ANALYSES AND METHODOLOGIES

THE WAR CONSEQUENCES ON NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: ANALYSES AND METHODOLOGIES

Application of geoinformation systems in the arrangement of public services and amenities of the territorial community

It has been proved that the geoinformation system of a territorial community is an innovative electronic cartographic resource aimed at the maintenance of the targeted and comfortable community assets management, mainly, the natural, water, forest, mineral, and land resources, engineering, and transport, social, tourist infrastructure, the investment potential of a community providing for the operative communication between the residents and administration of a community.The objective of the Research is to display the amenities of the Lviv Territorial Community according to their function based on their rational application and protection considering the local Building Rules with the implementation of Geoinformation Software QGIS. With the help of the application of the plug-in QuickOSM it displays the vector data of the amenities within Lviv Territorial Community, mainly, the keys “landuse recreation”, “landuse landfill”, “leisure park’, “leisure garden”, “water”, “highway”, and “waterway”.The feasibility of QGIS application for the vector display of amenities within Lviv Territorial Community is presented that shows the advantages of visualization, quick access, administration, and actualization based on the open resources of access to the cartographic materials of the geoportal of Lviv that provides for convenient maintenance of the cartographic database and inventory of the utility system, accounting, and operative inventory of the municipal property objects.

Peculiarities of Introducing Geoinformation System in the Monitoring Procedure of Rangelands in the Republic of Armenia

Animal husbandry is one of the leading agricultural branches in Armenia. Throughout recent years, almost 40 % of the agricultural gross product is resulted from the animal husbandry branch. The rangelands play a crucial role in the forage base development. In the recent 30 years the pastures in Armenia have lost their qualitative properties due to overgrazing and degradation thereof, while the land types with the characteristic traits of grasslands are not often used for their intended purpose. It is practically impossible to implement monitoring over the rangelands without clear and constantly updated information. Such kind of information can be retrieved via the use of geoinformation systems.

Концептуальное проектирование геоинформационной системы для учета технического состояния малых архитектурных форм

The article raises the problem of injury hazard small architectural forms (SAF) of residential areas due to their wear or damage. As a solution to the caused by problem, it is proposed to consider the creation of a geoinformation system for registration of technical condition of the SAF with elements of automation of the process of collecting and processing citizens' appeals. The article presents the results of the analysis of the systems for collecting citizens' appeals in the field of housing and communal services and transport, on the basis of which the requirements for the projected GIS were formulated. The formulated requirements made it possible to develop a conceptual scheme of GIS functioning and identify 3 main user groups. The projected geoinformation system is built on the basis of a database containing information about small architectural forms obtained during their cataloging. Cataloging implies the placement of special tags on the SAF, which makes it possible to uniquely identify an object and obtain necessary information from the semantic GIS database. Citizens using GIS will be able to leave appeals in case of the detection of defects of an object. To prevent attempts to create false appeals in the system, it is proposed to implement a number of measures to ensure the reliability of the transmitted data.

Использование геоинформационных систем и технологий в мониторинге состояния объектов размещения твердых коммунальных отходов в Российской Федерации

This article is devoted to the problem of forming a methodology for using geonformation monitoring to assess the state of MSW landfills and solving problems arising in this regard on the example of the Gorsky landfill located in the Novosibirsk region. One of the most acute problems of almost all industrialized countries is the rational management of waste. The amount of industrial waste and solid municipal (MSW) is steadily growing and this problem is of particular relevance in the Russian Federa-tion, where until recently the main method of waste disposal was their placement and accumulation in specially designated territories–landfills. (The total area of such objects in the Russian Federation is close to 1 % of the entire territory of the country). Such objects throughout the entire period of biological decay of accumulated masses remain a source of negative impact on the natural environment. The components of the so-called "landfill" gases and the combustion products of accumulated masses as a result of spontaneous combustion and ignition, contamination of groundwater with chemically and biologically harmful substances contained and formed inside the waste under the influence of natural phenomena, etc., enter the atmosphere. In order to minimize the harm caused, as well as financial and material costs, in this regard, there is a need to monitor the condition of MSW landfills using modern technologies and geoinformation systems.

Аналіз і моделювання метеорологічних умов поширення радіонуклідів у періоди лісових пожеж та пилової бурі в Чорнобильській зоні відчуження

The simulation of meteorological conditions of the atmospheric transport of radioactive aerosols during the periods of wildland fires (2015, 2018, 2020 and 2022) and dust storm (April 16–17, 2020) in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone was carried out using the archive of reanalysis data of the European Center for Medium-Term Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Modeling of meteorological conditions and preparation of aerosynoptic information for the LEDI model of atmospheric transport and deposition of pollutants during periods of intense emission of radionuclides into the atmosphere was carried out using two sources of information: the results of the numerical weather forecast model WRF-ARW (USA) using the databases of the Reanalysis Project, and forecast data obtained according to the GFS global model and the ECMWF operational model, which are stored in the database of the CDS climate data repository (ERA5 Copernicus). The used WRF-ARW numerical model is adapted for the territory of Ukraine by selecting parameterization models of the main physical processes in the atmosphere in accordance with synoptic situations and the season of the year. A description of typical and extreme synoptic situations during the analyzed periods of wildland fires is given using the archive of synoptic maps of surface pressure and topography AT500 for the European territory and modern technologies of geoinformation systems. With the help of the conducted synoptic analysis of wildland fire periods, the most typical synoptic situations associated with the passage of cold fronts and the direction of north and northwest winds, which contribute mostly to the secondary radioactive contamination of environmental objects in the zone of influence of emission sources in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, were identified. Because of global climate changes and unpredictable human activity in the form of arsons, military actions, etc., the number of fires in forest areas, industrial and residential facilities is increasing. Open sources of numerical weather forecast data make it possible to create modern meteorological support for modeling of atmospheric transport and deposition of pollutants and assessment of secondary environmental pollution using the LEDI-WRF software complex.

Создание виртуальных моделей местности при проектировании портовых комплексов по данным лидарной съемки

The design of port complexes is a process that requires considering geographical and economic features of the territory. It is necessary to aggregate the characteristics of coastal landscapes, seascapes, artificial elements, dangerous objects, etc. The experience of implementing such projects (for example, in Sabetta) suggests that all participants in the design process need highly precise geographical information to optimize the location of coastal facilities, infrastructure solutions, power supply lines, water conduits, product pipelines, and related structures. As for now, the best method of geoinformation support of such projects is LIDAR (with simultaneous nadir and perspective aerial surveys). In the future, these materials, combined with space-based remote sensing data on the surrounding areas, would be used for creating virtual models with tools adapted for users with an average and low-level GIS data experience. Nowadays geoinformation systems have a number of disadvantages. First and foremost, it is difficult for non-specialists to master them. Full-featured GIS packages are expensive and cannot be used by a significant number of specialists, dispersed over various settlements only using high-speed internet connections (designing port complexes requires the efforts of heterogeneous specialists living in different cities and working in different industries). The approach proposed in this paper allows to solve this problem without using GIS packages. We consider it possible to use virtual environments that are closed from editing and access to the source data. An area of 2400 km² in the territory of Kamchatka Peninsula near Bechevinka Bay was chosen as a test site. The resulting virtual model of the territory of the future port complex is a convenient tool for increasing the spatial awareness of users, closed from unauthorized access. The work has successfully achieved the functionality and usability of this model on conventional computers, combined with the high spatial accuracy of the model.

Main conceptual provisions of the creation of an electronic state register of immovable cultural heritage of Ukraine. Part 1

To organize the creation of a new modern electronic State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) of Ukraine, it is proposed to use a methodology based on the so-called Solutions Frameworks (SoFr) "something" = X, where X denotes both the specified system (subsystem) and class of such systems (subsystems). The application of SoFr to X entirely is called the main conceptual position 0 in the article, but despite its obviousness, the epigraph is applicable to the construction of X SoFr: “The hardest thing is to see what is right in front of you. - Goethe» [1; Preface]. X in the X SoFr record takes the meaning of a hierarchically structured Atlas Geoinformation System (AGIS), consisting of four strata (bottom-up ­): Operational (w), Application (a), Conceptual (b) and General (g). X SoFr in the article takes three meanings: SoFr AGIS1 (defines the activity of creating the first stage of AGIS - AGIS1 = X), aSoFr AGIS1 (defines the activity "between" subsystems AGIS1 Application and Operational strata top-down ¯), bSoFr AGIS1 determines the activity "between" the subsystems of AGIS1 Conceptual and Application strata from top to bottom ¯). X SoFr is determined by the packages and the relation between them, the so-called "petrad" of Publication-Products-Processes-Basics-Services. Packages Products-Processes-Basics and the relation between them are called the main triad of SoFr. This triad is the basis of the main conceptual provisions 1-3. They are formulated as follows: SoFr.Products - provision 1, SoFr.Processes - provision 2, SoFr.Basics - provision 3. Part 1 describes the introduction to the problem and provisions 0 and 1. Provisions 2, 3 are described in Part 2. The methodology, based on the Solutions Frameworks, implements a specific systematic approach to creating a new modern electronic State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage of Ukraine.