Geoinformation Systems Research Articles

Geoinformation regional system as an effective means of substantiation of managing decisions and supervision in the field of sanitary and epidemiological situation

Introduction. The regional geographic information system, being a tool for information and analytical support for making managerial decisions, has been widely used in almost all areas of the Federal Service in the field of consumer protection and human well-being, increasing their effectiveness and efficiency. Purpose. To analyze the effectiveness of the use of a regional geographic information system in solving the problems of the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the region and to assess the prospects for the development of this system in the activities of the service. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of the adopted management decisions to improve the state of the environment and health of the population based on the implemented regional geographic information system. Results. The conducted retrospective analysis showed the high efficiency of using regional geoinformation systems when performing environmental and hygienic studies to assess the state of public health, environmental pollution, and in particular, to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the influence of environmental factors on public health and medical demographic indicators. Limitations. The limitation of the study is due to the inability to analyze the long-term experience of using geoinformation systems in solving the problems of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, as well as the lack of indicators of the effectiveness of their use on examples from other regions. Conclusion. The use of geoinformation technologies makes it possible for the authorities of the region to visually present information on priority hygienic and epidemiological problems in a particular administrative territory, and helps to determine the priorities for developing measures aimed at preserving the health of the population.

Interactively Mapped Holodomor Oral History: Geoinformation Systems Serve History

Interactively Mapped Holodomor Oral History: Geoinformation Systems Serve History

APPLICATION OF GIS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FORMATION OF THE GEOSPATIAL DATABASE OF GASTRONOMY TOURISM OF UKRAINE

Gastronomic tourism as a rapidly developing type of tourism, and being a complex system, requires quality management. The use of geoinformation systems and technologies can contribute to the formation of management decisions regarding the effective development of this type of tourism. 
 The article examines the essence of gastronomic tourism and the use of GIS technologies to form a geospatial database. The cartographic method of researching the presented phenomenon is applied and the possible cartometric operations in the work of the tourist GIS of the gastronomic direction are described. In this study we have developed a technological scheme for creating gastronomic tourism routes using GIS technologies. We present the conceptual and structural-logical model of the geospatial database of gastronomic tourism developed by us. A geospatial data base of gastronomic tourism for Odesa region, which is distinguished by its gastronomic colour and is in great demand among travelers, has been created and visualized. Local specialized objects of gastronomic tourism of this region were found and the database tables were filled with reliable attributive data. The locations of the concentration of gastronomic objects in Odesa are visualized with the help of a heatmap, and typical requests of users regarding the identification of objects of interest when designing gastronomic routes are given. The city of Odessa was identified as the most attractive place for gastronomic tourism in Odesa region, as it is the one around which the vast majority of various objects of gastronomic tourism is concentrated. Various gastronomic routes through Odesa region and Odesa with buffer zones along them have been designed, which can be of interest to both tourists and tour operators when creating gastro tours. The proposed methodology can be used for a similar analysis of other regions and, in our opinion, will contribute to increasing the number of tourist trips to the region and the development of gastronomic tourism in Ukraine as a whole.

Methods for Adaptive Resource Availability Management of Geoinformation Systems under Destructive Impacts

The complexity of ensuring the availability of geoinformation systems resources is due to the volatile structure of the system, the uncertainty of user tasks and destructive influences. This paper proposes methods that allow to halve the probability of information security risk associated with the disruption of resource availability. The effect is achieved by: 1) preserving the required probability of achieving the activity goal of the identification system, regardless of the strength of disruptive influences; 2) by aggregating the performance of individual physical system elements into virtual pools; and 3) by converting internal user task reserves into performance reserves. The performance of the methods was evaluated using a simulation model developed in MATLAB environment.

Оценка экологического состояния агроландшафтов в южной части междуречья Тигра и Евфрата с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования и ГИС-технологий: теоретические основы и предпосылки

Identification of the current state and agroforestry arrangement of agricultural landscapes, including agricultural lands, is an urgent task, the solution of which will allow planning work to prevent the destruction of the fertile soil layer and create conditions for the sustainable functioning of natural and territorial complexes. The conducted research allowed us to establish that negative natural factors and the intensification of agricultural production lead to soil depletion; the limited area of land suitable for agriculture requires improving soil quality, returning degraded and abandoned lands to agricultural circulation; constant monitoring of agricultural lands is necessary for an objective assessment of the state and effective restoration of resources; the use of innovative resource-saving technologies, make it possible to prevent degradation and restore soil fertility. As a result of studies of agroforestry landscapes using geoinformation systems, a variant of a modified methodology for the study of agricultural land, the creation of agroforestry protective plantings to prevent soil degradation and deterioration of the conditions of functioning of agricultural land is proposed. The landscapes of the southern part of the interfluve of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are the standards characteristic of floodplain ecosystems. Therefore, the results obtained using computer mapping and analysis of the state of agricultural lands can be used to form an ecological framework of sustainable landscapes, as well as to identify and map degradation processes in landscapes of analogues.

Геоинформационный анализ динамики площадей очагов опустынивания в восточной части Ставропольского края

This article presents the results of the analysis of the spatial spread of desertification processes dynamics in four eastern municipalities of the Stavropol region – Levokumsky, Stepnovsky, Kursky districts, Neftekumsky city district. The increase in the rate of growth of desolate areas in the eastern part of the Stavropol region, bordering the Republic of Dagestan, requires careful study and forecasting due to the increasing intensity of these processes. Visual interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing materials for the territory of the eastern municipal districts of the Stavropol region was carried out. Sentinel satellite raster data with a resolution of 10 m and Landsat with a resolution of 30 m were used for decryption. The study period was 30 years (1990–2020) with decoding intervals of 10 years. The data obtained were analyzed to receive quantitative data on desertification processes in the east of the Stavropol region. Statistical data, including the calculation of the dynamics of desertification processes, calculated using vector decryption materials and geoinformation systems, are presented. No hotbeds of desertification have been identified in most of the study area. The main share of desertification hotbeds is concentrated in the south-eastern part of the research area. The decrease in the area of deserted areas was noted mainly in the Kursk and Stepnovsky districts. In the Levokumsky district in 2020, an explosive increase in the areas of desertification hotbeds and territories occupied by sand was revealed compared to 2010. Based on the results of decoding, schemes of the spatial location of desertification hotbeds and the dynamics of the spread of desertification processes were compiled. The data obtained will form the basis for further study of the dynamics of desertification processes and factors affecting it using remote and geoinformation methods.

Геоинформационный анализ рельефа Кумо-Манычской впадины

The territory of the Kumo-Manych depression is located in the fault zone of the tectonic plate and is a characteristic floodplain structure with a large number of swamps, lakes and channels. This territory is characterized by a high anthropogenic load associated with the intensive use of land for agricultural production and, as a consequence, with the manifestations of degradation processes. The relevance of the analysis of the relief of the territory is due to the influence of geomorphological characteristics on the magnitude and dynamics of erosion degradation of land. The methodological basis of the research is the catchment approach, which provides the structuring of landscape structures. The research methodology is based on the use of geoinformation systems for the development of analytical maps based on digital terrain models and geostatistical analysis of the spatial distribution of its structure. The results of the research are presented by analytical maps that allow us to determine the characteristics of the terrain of the terrain with their proximity to a certain location. These results make it possible to assess the erosion hazard of such sites and to develop measures in advance to prevent their degradation. Thus, geoinformation analysis of the relief of the Kumo-Manych depression allowed us to establish that about 47 % of the area of the research site is located in the height range from 20 to 80 m. The steepness of the slopes is insignificant, 52.7 % of the territory has a steepness of less than 1°. Another 38.2 % of the slopes have a steepness of less than 2°. Uncultivated slopes with a steepness of more than 8° occupy less than 1 % of the landfill area.

Substantiating the rock mass control parameters based on the geomechanical model of the Severny Katpar deposit, Kazakhstan

Purpose. The research purpose is to develop a geomechanical model for ensuring the safety of mining operations by determining the optimal slope angles and probabilistic assessment of the stability of the open-pit walls. Methods. Three-dimensional geomechanical models for surface mining of deposits have been developed based on calculations of the stability factor (safety factor SF) of the open-pit walls in the Rocscience program to determine the rock mass stress-strain state at the end of mining using the finite element method. The geological wireframe model (GWM) has been built on the basis of the available geological sections, horizon plans and the results of the engineering-geological surveys using the Surpac geoinformation system. Findings. Strength reduction factor (SRF) has been determined taking into account the physical-mechanical properties of rocks that constitute the near-wall mass. An assessment of the stability of walls according to the selected geological sections is given, taking into account the projected contour of the Severny Katpar open-pit walls. The calculation of the projected contour stability of the open-pit walls by several different methods has revealed that the open-pit walls are generally stable. The open-pit parameters at the end of mining have been determined. Originality. For the first time, it has been determined that in the Southern and South-Western area of the Severny Katpar open-pit wall in the horizons +700…+400, there is a decrease in SF from 1.18 to 1.41 due to the predominant occurrence of siltstones and tectonic disturbances of the walls. Practical implications. The mathematical calculation results of the stability of the projected contour walls in the Severny Katpar open pit have been generalized. In addition, a geological and structural wire-frame model of the deposit has been developed, which makes it possible to ensure the safety of mining operations in the open pit.

The system of maintaining and accounting for knowledge in the context of digitalization of the geological industry

Here we consider the main stages of the development of the system of knowledge and characterize the peculiarities of the use of specialized application programs and geoinformation systems for accounting and maintaining knowledge. An overview of the main activities of the department for the comprehensive verification of knowledge data is given. The functionality of working with exploration data in the FSIS "USGIF" (the Federal State Information System "Unified Subsurface Geological Information Fund") is presented. Moreover, we outline the immediate prospects for the modernization of the system of accounting and maintenance of knowledge.

Surveying the building stock of Graz with regard to a circular economy in the construction sector

Construction consumes about 40% of resources globally. The switch to a circular economy model in the building industry can contribute to the reduction of use of resources, and lower the environmental impact by extending the life cycle of building components and materials. However, circular economy principles in building industry are not yet established, while at the same time the complexity and consequences of such a transition require further research. The objective of the exploratory study “City Remixed”, whose first results are discussed in this paper, is to identify re-use and recycling potentials of Graz’s building stock for the city of Graz, in order to initiate the transformation of the building sector of the city towards the circular economy. Considering the city of Graz and its surroundings in a reasonably short transport distance as a closed system, we started by quantifying the existing building stock in form of a digital 3D model as shown in this paper. In addition to the recording of the materials or construction elements present in buildings and infrastructure (networks) and quasi bound in them with regard to type of building material, quantity, condition and position in a geo-information system (“urban cadastre”), the expected future time of availability of the material or construction element is also to be recorded digitally. In the future we will enrich the model with metadata, in order to enable the investigation of re-use and recycling potential of the components and materials as well as to determine companies, manufacturers testing and certification institutes that are necessary for these processes. Finally, we will develop renewal scenarios based on the existing building stock, as a result of possible component and material flows. From this process, we identify the fields of action, we settle decision-making bases and provide recommendations with regard to the transformation to a circular economy for different stakeholders, including the citizens. In this context digital technologies allow the storage, retrieve, management and update of large amounts of information, support the development of circular economy scenarios, which in turn offer a simple way towards the re-use and recycle of materials in the building industry.

Quantitative Accounting of Agricultural Land in the Territory of Kashkadarya Region through Qr-Code

Accounting of agricultural land areas in the world in software belonging to the family of geoinformation systems is directed to the formation of a unified geodatabase and the implementation of geostatistical analyzes of land accounting, the development of applications for the integration of information using programming languages, and the development of new scientific and technical solutions for their mobilization. scientific and research works are being carried out. In this regard, special attention is paid to the research aimed at the development of special geoportals that geovisualization the interactive geographic location of land areas. In this article, the need for land accounting, issues of quantitative land accounting in Kashkadarya region, as well as recommendations for land accounting in modern methods are given.

THE FORGOTTEN CELL OF THE DNIPRO LINE OF FORTIFICATIONS

Within the village of Hrebeni on the middle Dnieper and in the surrounding area, a significant amount is known number of extraordinary archaeological sites, so it is not surprising that the study antiquities of the microregion were started by V. V. Khvoyka. Study of the region dates back to the second half of the last century, when in the field of view scientists got the sights from the time of primitiveness to the Middle Ages. One of it were mentioned only in passing and did not figure in the consideration of the settlement system on this one territory, even when analyzing the Dnipro fortified line, the system of which it was part of.
 We are talking about the 12th century hillfort till the first half of the 13th century in the tract «Gorodishche» some along the Dnieper river, both from the settlement itself and from the fortified cell include Zarubintsi culture. The monument occupies what remains of the original right bank Dnieper and controls the old crossing of the river and settlement in the period of Kyivan Rus a hollow on the edge of the shore. The point is characterized by a well-thought-out system of fortifications, some of them was damaged by field fortifications during the Second World War and has been satisfactorily preserved to this day.
 As a result of the work carried by the Northern Expedition of the Institute of Archeology on the monument contains materials of both named chronology and the age of primitiveness: the center of time Kyivan Rus’ was preceded by the settlement of Trypillya culture. Collection gives an idea about some features of the life and population of the point, but to find out the construction of defensive ones buildings, the specifics of economic activity and household culture of residents are needed to continue research.
 The first step was the creation using special Garmin Dakota 20 GPS navigator and Nikon NPL-332 laser also following by processing the received data using the ArcGIS 10.1 base software geoinformation system «Old Rus settlement Hrebeni», which will accumulate all cartographic, schematic, analytical and other necessary information about area. A number of plans, relief models, analytical terrain surfaces were produced, planar measurements of the item were carried out. This will contribute not only to the implementation of further fieldwork research with digital reference to the terrain, but also will simplify the development of the protected zone landmarks with the rendering of its boundaries in nature with the designation of reference mark.

Modeling of aerogenic pollution by waste from livestock on the example of Tomsk

The analysis of the main sources of air pollution (by ammonia and hydrogen sulfide), as well as investigation of geoinformation systems "Zapah" and "ERA-UPRZA" used for monitoring the air condition are made in this work. The research revealed shortcomings limiting operational use of these systems. The authors developed the web application of four classes (Map, Forms, Geojson Layer and Weather) demonstrating the high accuracy of calculations.

Coastal Environmental Impact of Geohazards in the Area of the Habibas Islands (Western Algeria, Alboran): Insights from GIS-Analysis and Remote Sensing

Algerian coastal areas in the southern part of the western Mediterranean Sea are prone to geohazards such as tsunami waves, storm surges, earthquakes, submarine mass movements, and volcanism. Located in the Gulf of Oran, the Habibas Archipelago is a well-preserved bio-environment where fauna and flora are unique. This region is nevertheless a zone where marine traffic (oil) and oil ports pose a threat to environmental offshore pollution. This study is focused on submarine mass movements and their potential to cause local tsunami waves. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and the DEM-derived morphometric maps support these investigations being integrated into a GeoInformation System (GIS). Bathymetric data of the western Mediterranean Sea are used to derive causal factors that influence the susceptibility to submarine mass movements. Sentinel 2, Landsat 8, and Sentinel 1 radar images help to identify coastal areas prone to landslides and the coast-near structural pattern. By integrating data collected from the literature and maps (geology, tectonics, earthquakes, mass movements) into a GeoInformationSystem (GIS) and by using remote sensing analysis, it might be possible to derive more precisely in the case of submarine landslides and turbidity currents in the which direction potential tsunami waves caused by these mass movements might be focused and directed.

Assessment of reduced respiratory diseases in the Moscow population morbidity as a result of the implementation of the best available technology

AIM: To examine the potential for lowering respiratory diseases in the Moscow population as a result of the implementation of the best available technology at objects of the I and II categories of negative environmental impact.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The source data array was created by the authors using a parser script written in the Python computer language. The determination of the geographical coordinates of the location of industrial facilities and their territorial linkage to the administrative districts of the city of Moscow was carried out using the JavaScript API of the Yandex Geocoder. Regression and correlation analysis were used to determine the relationship between the morbidity indicators of the population of the city of Moscow and the indices of comparative non-carcinogenic danger. The mathematical processing of statistical data was carried out using the interpreted programming language R and the spatial territorial binding of negative impact on the environment objects was carried out using the ESRI ArcGIS Online geoinformation system.
 RESULTS: A significant relationship was found between the values of the comparative non-carcinogenic danger indices to the respiratory system (arising from the volume of emissions from objects in the I and II categories of negative environmental impact) and respiratory diseases for various age groups of the population of the city of Moscow (children up to 14 years old, adolescents from 15 to 17 years old, adults over 18 years old). The spearman's sp coefficient was 0.84 (p 0.05), indicating a significant correlation on the Chaddock scale. The Student's t-test index was higher than the critical one at the significance level =0.05. This study identified the potential for lowering the number of respiratory diseases in the population of Moscow, which varies in the range of 1.1%2.2% for children, 1.2%2.5% for adolescents, and 1.02.0 for adults, depending on the scenario for the implementation of the best available technologies at the facilities of the I and II categories of the negative environmental impact.
 CONCLUSION: As a result of the research, a mathematical model has been developed, which allows determining the values of the potential for reducing the incidence of the respiratory system with the implementation of the best available technologies. This can be used in the formation of regional and federal programs for socio-economic development.

Mathematical simulation of inert heating and pyrolysis of forest fuel under the influence of a forest fire front, if the process of sooting is taken into account

Introduction. Large amounts of pollutants, including carbonaceous particles of soot, are released into the atmosphere during a forest fire. High concentrations of these particles in the air can lead to the development of cardiorespiratory diseases or death. It has been noticed that a certain number of soot particles is produced at the stage of forest fuel pyrolysis. In this regard, it is advisable to study the processes of pyrolysis and sooting to develop effective methods of their prediction and prevention.Goal of the study. The goal of this study is the mathematical simulation of heat transfer in an element of standard forest fuel (a birch leaf), taking into account the thermal decomposition of dry organic matter and sooting.Materials and methods. Within the framework of the work, scenario modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in an element of forest fuel (a birch leaf), subjected to the influence of a high-temperature environment, was conducted. A one-dimensional heat transfer equation and a kinetic equation, having respective initial and boundary conditions, were solved by means of numerical simulation. The finite difference method was employed to solve the resulting system of differential equations. The calculations were conducted using the RAD Studio software package. Graphical results were processed using the OriginPro software package.Results. Scenario modeling took into account the type of forest fire, the period of the fire hazard season, forest fuel properties, the degree of the forest fuel dispersion, and the initial moisture content in a forest fuel element. The authors have found that the major influence is made by the extent of dispersion and the type of forest fire. The similarity of qualitative characteristics of sooting has also been established for all types of forest fires.Conclusion. The proposed mathematical model can be used in conjunction with geoinformation systems to visualize the initial and output information in the process of assessment, monitoring and forecasting of forest fires and their environmental consequences.

Application of space photography methods for monitoring of agricultural lands as an example of countries of the world and Ukraine

It has been established that with the development of society, the growth of the impact of human actions on the agro-ecological system of the Earth, and at the same time the satisfaction of its life activity, there is a need to apply new methods in the management of natural resources. Today, space photography, which is carried out through various carriers from space with the support of filming equipment, is the primary means of obtaining information. It is highlighted that information from space and photo-aerial imaging is sufficiently used in cartography, when solving problems in all areas of science and technology and the formation of geo-information systems. Every year, the volume of products related to mapping and geoinformation expands, new areas for using information from space surveys appear. The specificity of space surveying for several decades is the acquisition of data from aerial surveys with very high spatial resolution (<1 m), the growth in the spectral resolution of surveying systems and the implementation of spectral surveying. It is highlighted that by the model of remote sensing of the Earth we understand the system of receiving and converting input signals of the electromagnetic spectrum into outputs that form images or point output data about objects on the terrain. It is emphasized that in the last decades, remote sensing of the Earth is especially used to obtain informative data about the agro-ecological surface of the earth. Natural characteristics of soil types, vegetation, etc. were obtained with the help of remote sensing of the Earth. Many countries of the world use the information obtained with the help of aerospace means of remote sensing of the Earth quite widely, on its basis they successfully search for minerals, assess the rural potential of regions and countries, conduct analysis of agricultural lands, distinguish types and types of agricultural crops, implement yield forecasts, monitor the condition soils and pastures, perform its monitoring. The crisis of a soil science nature in Ukraine is caused by the functioning of the administrative-command economy in the past.

Methodology improvement of geodetic work on the basis of geoinformation technologies

In the system of topographic and geodetic works, the introduction of modern technologies based on GPS and GLONASS satellite systems, geoinformation systems, digital and laser-electronic measuring and computing techniques, as well as laser scanning technologies is a modern requirement. Currently, the relevant authorities in the maintenance of state cadastres are working on the creation and formation of a cadastral database. In this research, the results of scientific research on the significant contribution to the development of the Republic by eliminating the inconveniences of geodetic work in mountainous areas of the Republic were given. According to the results, the resulting territorial points were combined according to a scheme (abris) created for use on the ground, and an electronic digital map of the geo-database of the region was formed.

In-Between the Lines and Pixels: Cartography’s Transition from Tool of the State to Humanitarian Mapping of Deprived Urban Areas

Cartography has been, in its pre-modern and modern production of maps, influential in determining how space and territory is experienced and defined. But advancements in telecommunications and geovisualization software, along with geoinformation systems and geoinformation science (GIS), have transformed cartographic practice from a tool of dominantly state apparatus to a scientific, commercial, and humanitarian enterprise. This is exemplified in the use of remote sensing (RS) techniques to acquire, process, and visualize images of the Earth. In the last decade, RS techniques have increasingly incorporated Artificial Intelligence (e.g., Convolutional Neural Networks) to improve the speed and accuracy of feature extraction and classification in remotely sensed images. This paper will investigate the use of CNNs in the classification of deprived urban areas referred to as “slums” and “informal settlements” in the Global South. Using a postphenomenological methodology, this paper shall analyze the role of classification and use of geoinformation in shaping how deprived urban areas are algorithmically classified. This analysis will reveal that besides the technical opportunities and challenges, attention needs to be given to three ethical areas of concern: how deprived area mapping using AI impacts the agency of communities, how there is a potential lack in the democratization of these RS technologies, and how the privacy and data protection of communities being mapped is endangered.

Geoecological assessment and environmental monitoring within the boundaries of the impact of the development of gold deposits using GIS technologies

An interdisciplinary approach is used in the study of this problem. Well-known methods are used in the work. The ground-based phase of the research consisted of sampling. The results indicate intense pollution. High concentrations of compounds of mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, zinc were recorded. Deciphering the Landsat 8 (GloVis) images made it possible to supplement the mining and environmental monitoring by studying the dynamics of changes in the areas of placer gold mining. Data processing was carried out on the basis of the open geoinformation system Qgis. Image processing methods: False Color Composite (FCC) images in artificial colors; Band Ratio (BR) creates complex band ratios. Digitization of the images showed increasing areas of disturbed land. For the first time, a geo-ecological assessment using GIS technologies was carried out. Over a long period of time, ground monitoring data are entered into the Qgis database. The practical significance of the work is confirmed by the Patent of the Russian Federation and substantiated by the creation of a method to ensure the environmental safety of technogenically polluted areas using bioremediation.