Оценка экологического состояния агроландшафтов в южной части междуречья Тигра и Евфрата с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования и ГИС-технологий: теоретические основы и предпосылки

Abstract

Identification of the current state and agroforestry arrangement of agricultural landscapes, including agricultural lands, is an urgent task, the solution of which will allow planning work to prevent the destruction of the fertile soil layer and create conditions for the sustainable functioning of natural and territorial complexes. The conducted research allowed us to establish that negative natural factors and the intensification of agricultural production lead to soil depletion; the limited area of land suitable for agriculture requires improving soil quality, returning degraded and abandoned lands to agricultural circulation; constant monitoring of agricultural lands is necessary for an objective assessment of the state and effective restoration of resources; the use of innovative resource-saving technologies, make it possible to prevent degradation and restore soil fertility. As a result of studies of agroforestry landscapes using geoinformation systems, a variant of a modified methodology for the study of agricultural land, the creation of agroforestry protective plantings to prevent soil degradation and deterioration of the conditions of functioning of agricultural land is proposed. The landscapes of the southern part of the interfluve of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are the standards characteristic of floodplain ecosystems. Therefore, the results obtained using computer mapping and analysis of the state of agricultural lands can be used to form an ecological framework of sustainable landscapes, as well as to identify and map degradation processes in landscapes of analogues.