Использование геоинформационных технологий в изучении картометрических и морфометрических характеристик озер Северного Казахстана

Abstract

The study is devoted to determining the possibilities of using geoinformation systems and technologies for organizing and implementing geoecological monitoring surveys of lakes in the territory of one of the largest lake regions within Kazakhstan—the North Kazakhstan region. The important task of creating a unified electronic catalog of lakes in the study area and placing it in free open access was practically solved. The studied quantitative and qualitative composition of topographic, cartometric, morphometric, hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, geoecological and other data on the lakes of the region made it possible to use in the catalog a number of cartometric and morphometric indicators common for all areal water bodies. For each of these indicators, a fixed set of values was determined containing information about various aspects of their state. In the procedure for describing and characterizing lakes, such parameters as their length, width, average and maximum depths, features of the bottom topography and its profiles, the length of the coastline and envelope, the degree of indentation of the coastline, the area of the reservoir and catchment area, the volume water mass, the degree of overgrowth of higher emersed vegetation, and others. Based on the analysis of the database of lakes created in Microsoft Excel application and desktop GIS digital mapping software product MapInfo Professional, a series of geoinformation and cartographic materials was prepared, in particular, maps that allow you to quickly obtain the necessary cartometric and morphometric indicators and geoecological characteristics of large lakes in the study region. Thus, by using the potential of graphical visualization of information from a specialized regional GIS in the MapInfo software shell, the possibilities of graphical representation of traditional statistical data of qualitative and quantitative cartometric and morphometric characteristics of lakes are clearly illustrated. The results of the work carried out, the obtained geoinformation and cartographic materials and significant amounts of information accumulated in databases of specialized regional GIS make it possible to organize and carry out a complex of full-scale monitoring studies of lakes for a large set of indicators, which is not only relevant and allows you to track the current state, but also to identify the dynamics of lake ecosystems within the territory of the region.