Fingerprint Profiles Research Articles

Lactic acid bacteria diversity in corn silage produced in Minas Gerais (Brazil)

PurposeThe diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in silages produced in warm climate countries is not well known. This study aimed to identify and characterise the metabolic and genotypic aspects of autochthonous LAB isolated from corn silage produced in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.MethodsEighty-eight LAB were isolated. To evaluate their performance at the strain level, all isolates were distinguished among strains using random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) techniques. The organic acid and ethanol production were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultThe fingerprints obtained by RAPD-PCR with a M13 primer were more discriminatory than those obtained with the REP-PCR technique using a (GACA)4 primer. Moreover, 28 representative isolates were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. buchneri, L. casei, L. diolivorans, L. hilgardii, L. paracasei, L. parafarraginis, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. zeae and Pediococcus acidilactici. Different fingerprinting profiles between isolates within the same species were observed. However, some strains isolated from different silages showed the same band profile, thus suggesting the presence of clusters with high similar fingerprints in silages from various regions.ConclusionA variation in LAB diversity was observed in the silages of the evaluated regions, with L. rhamnosus and L. buchneri showing the highest distribution. Differences in organic acid production were observed among the strains belonging to the same species. This research contributes to a better understanding of the LAB community present in corn silage produced in warm climates. These strains will be studied as potential silage starters.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 3-Formyl, 7-Flavonols Derivatives by Microwave Enhanced Chemistry Assisted - Vilsmeier Haack Synthesis

In the modern medicines the novel and active molecules are essential to act against various diseases and increase the needs day by day due to population increase. In view of that, we attempt to make a variety of synthetic molecules against inflammation by a new and popular greener microwave assisted and faster method such as Microwave Enhanced Chemistry assisted Vilsmeier Haack Synthesis (MEC-VHS). In this paper, we report the synthesis of nitro- dinitro- and acetyl- derivatives of 3- formyl, 7-flavonols using MEC-VHS techniques against inflammation as anti-inflammatory agent. These derivatives were synthesized via pinkish formylation complex of dimethyl formamide and phosphorous oxychloride by microwave irradiation resulted as suspension by base. The re-crystallized products were characterized through Co-TLC, λmax, IR, HPTLC, 1HNMR, CHN analysis and mass spectral studies. The HPTLC finger print profiles obtained were of with a prominent single peak and with a matching Rf values compared to that obtained by an ordinary Co-TLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro protein denaturation method and in vivo carrageenan induced paw oedema method and it was found that all the compounds excepting the un-substituted 3-formyl, 7-flavonols gave an equi- or more potent activity as compared to that of the standard.

Powder Microscopic, Physicochemical, HPTLC and Antioxidant Studies on Noccik Kudinir Chooranam – A Polyherbal Siddha Formulation

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives:</strong> To study pharmacognostical, physico-chemical, high performance thin layer chromatography and anti-oxidant activity potential of a Siddha drug &ldquo;Noccik Kudinir Chooranam&rdquo; (NKC). <strong>Methods:</strong> The raw drugs were collected, authenticated and the Kudinir Chooranam was prepared. Then the drug was subjected to powder microscopic diagnosis, physicochemical parameters, Thin Layer Chromatographic photo documentation (TLC), High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) finger print profile of successive hexane, successive chloroform, successive ethanol, hydro alcohol (1:1) extract, ethyl acetate solubles of water extract, alkaloid fraction and direct ethanol along with ingredients. The methanol and aqueous extracts were evaluated for total phenol and flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide scavenging activities.<strong> Results:</strong> Different extracts of the drug showed distinct TLC and HPTLC finger print patterns which will be unique to this drug. The antioxidant activity showed significant results which are comparable to standards. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The identified powder microscopic characters and the evolved physicochemical parameters would serve as reference tool for quality control and the antioxidant activity would find the much wider therapeutic importance of the drug. <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words:</strong> Noccik Kudinir, Vitex negundo, Allium sativum, TLC, HPTLC, Antioxidant activity.

One injection to profile the chemical composition and dual-antioxidation activities of Rosa chinensis Jacq.

An on-line high-performance liquid chromatography−diode-array-detector−electrospray ionization−ion-trap−time-of-flight−mass spectrometry−total antioxidant capacity detection (HPLC−DAD−ESI−IT−TOF−MS−TACD) system was applied for the identification and evaluation of antioxidants in Rosa chinensis Jacq., an edible flower in food industry and a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. With the help of this platform, the HPLC fingerprint, mass fragmentations, and sample activity profiles against 1,1-diphenylpicryl-2-hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were recorded after one injection. Using this technique, 80 compounds were separated and identified by their LC/MS behaviors with the assistance of standard compounds. In addition, 11 different Rosa chinensis Jacq. samples were profiled and then quantified for their DPPH• and FRAP activities. Interestingly, a total of 52 compounds showed antioxidative effects against DPPH• and 61 were active against FRAP. The results demonstrated that the on-line system is a powerful technique for antioxidant discovery in Rosa chinensis Jacq. and other food resources.

Chemical Constituents of Stems and Leaves of Tagetespatula L. and Its Fingerprint.

Tagetespatula L. is a widely cultivated herbal medicinal plant in China and other countries. In this study, two new 2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran glucosides (1, 2) and fourteen known metabolites (3–16) were isolated from the stems and leaves of T. patula (SLT). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were characterized comprehensively based on one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. Absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate in vitro inhibitory activities against human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS) with IC50 values of 41.20 μmol/L and 30.43 μmol/L, respectively. The fingerprint profiles of stems and leaves of T. patula with three color types of flowers (Janie Yellow Bright, Jinmen Orange, Shouyao Red and Yellow color) were established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ten different batches of stems and leaves were examined as follow: Shouyao Red and Yellow color (1, 2, 3), Janie Yellow Bright (4, 5, 6, 7) and Jinmen Orange (8, 9, 10). Twenty-two common peaks were identified with similarity values ranging from 0.910 to 0.977. Meanwhile, the average peak area of SLT in the three types of flowers was different and it was the highest in Janie Yellow Bright.

Chemical Fingerprint and Metabolic Profile Analysis of Tianshu Tablets by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry.

In recent years, the chemical fingerprinting of traditional Chinese medicines and the metabolites in these compounds has been a hot topic. In the present study, the chemical fingerprint of Tianshu tablets (TST) and the metabolic characteristics of compounds in rats after intragastric administration were studied by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS). In a preliminary study, 77 chemical components in TST were determined by comparison with retention times, accurate molecular mass, and characteristic fragment ions of the known compounds in the literature and some well-known compounds were analyzed in detail, and the fragmentation pathways for parishins B, gastrodin A, and cnidilide or neocnilide were specifically analyzed. After intragastric administration of TST (4 g/kg) to rats, a total of 61 compounds were detected in plasma samples, including 7 prototypes and 54 metabolites. After further analysis, it was found that these metabolites were subjected to glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, or mixed metabolic processes. Hydroxylation and glucuronidation were finally confirmed as the main metabolic pathways. This is the first research on the chemical fingerprint and metabolites of TST, which lays a foundation for further investigation of TST.

In vitro bioactivity approach of unripe genipap (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae) fruit extract and its solid lipid microparticle.

Growing awareness in favor of innovative and healthier alternatives is creating a noticeable shift from synthetic colorants to natural additives. And, such a swing in the consumer market is growing slowly but noticeably. In this context, genipap (Genipa americana L.) fruit represents an emerging source of blue colorants in Latin America with extensive application possibilities. This is despite the fact that there are few studies concerning its toxicity predictive factors. In this early-stage study we propose to investigate safety issues around genipap extract (IBBP); we also attempt to identify fingerprint profiling of both IBBP extract and solid lipid microparticles containing IBBP extract (SLM-IBBP) using in vitro assays. The main compounds identified were genipin, and genipin 1-β-gentiobioside. Results indicated that IBBP extract, at 25 µg/mL, was able to promote DNA damage in CHO-K1 cells, suggesting a genotoxic effect. On the other hand, the SLM-IBBP inhibited almost all cancer cell lines with GI50 ranging from 0.25 μg/mL to 43.5 μg/mL. Also, IBBP-SLM seems to exert a desirable apoptosis induction (at 25 µg/mL dosage). The next steps for our work, therefore, will focus on other nanoparticle formulation approaches, in particular with the use of natural Brazilian starch. An evaluation of the metabolism and distribution of microparticles, and their safety for food and pharmaceutical purposes, are also required.

Chemical Profile and Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Toad Venom from Different Origins.

Toad venom (Chansu), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used for treating various cancer. However, it is considerably difficult to evaluate the quality of Chansu due to its complex chemical compositions. Hence, finding the characteristic ingredients and developing a scientific and comprehensive quality evaluation method are essential for guaranteeing the safety and efficacy of Chansu. In this paper, the chemical composition database of Chansu was successfully established and HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS was applied for chemical profiling of the ingredients in Chansu. In total, 157 compounds were identified, including 22 amino acids, 8 alkaloids, 54 bufogenins, 63 bufotoxins, and 10 other compounds. Furthermore, HPLC fingerprints and quantitative analysis of its multicomponent were successfully developed to evaluate the quality consistency of Chansu from different origins. The results suggested that the HPLC fingerprint of Chansu could be divided into an amino acid and alkaloid region, as well as a bufogenins and bufotoxins region. The fingerprint profile of Chansu from different geographical origins were different, indicating that its quality was affected by the geographical factors. In addition, seven characteristic peaks were selected as the quantitative markers to evaluate the quality of the Chansu. The Kruskal–Wallis test illustrated that the contents of seven bufogenins in Chansu were significantly (p < 0.01) different among different origins. The total contents of the seven compounds ranged from 100.40 to 169.22 mg/g in 20 batches of Chansu samples. This study demonstrated that integrating HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS, HPLC fingerprints, and multicomponent quantitative analysis coupled with chemometrics was a comprehensive and reliable strategy for evaluation of Chansu in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. In addition, our study represented the most comprehensive characterization on the chemical compositions of Chansu, which could provide important reference information for the discovery of potential bioactive compounds.

HPLC fingerprinting and pattern recognition of Brazilian green propolis and Chinese propolis

In order to improve the quality control method for propolis, HPLC fingerprinting and pattern recognition of 12 batches of Brazilian green propolis and 12 batches of Chinese propolis were carried out. HPLC fingerprinting was performed on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm) using gradient elution with methanol-water (containing 0.2% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Similarity analysis was executed on similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM (2012A). Pattern recognition was performed by SIMCA-P 13.0 software. As a result, as for the two groups of propolis samples, 21 common peaks were calibrated and 11 of them were identified as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, pinocembrin, caffeic acid phenylethyl ester, galangin and artepillin C. The similarity of the fingerprint profiles of the tested Brazilian propolis is more than 0.92, and that of the tested Chinese propolis is more than 0.91. However, the two groups of fingerprints’ similarity are from 0.523 to 0.693. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed that chemical profiles of the tested Brazilian green propolis were different from those of Chinese propolis. A set of compounds, namely, artepillin C, chlorogenic acid, pinocembrin, isochlorogenic acid B and caffeic acid phenylethyl ester can act as difference marker of the two groups of propolis. Moreover, HPLC fingerprint combined with pattern recognition could be developed into one new method for quality control of propolis.

Behavioral fingerprinting of Internet‐of‐Things devices

AbstractRapid advances in the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) domain have led to the development of several useful and interesting devices that have enhanced the quality of home living and industrial automation. The vulnerabilities in the IoT devices have rendered them susceptible to compromise and forgery. The problem of device authentication, that is, the question of whether a device's identity is what it claims to be, is still an open problem. Device fingerprinting seems to be a promising authentication mechanism. Device fingerprinting profiles a device based on information available about the device and generate a robust, verifiable and unique identity for the device. Existing approaches for device fingerprinting may not be feasible or cost‐effective for the IoT domain due to the resource constraints and heterogeneity of the IoT devices. Due to resource and cost constraints, behavioral fingerprinting provides promising directions for fingerprinting IoT devices. Behavioral fingerprinting allows security researchers to understand the behavioral profile of a device and to establish some guidelines regarding the device operations. In this article, we discuss existing approaches for behavioral fingerprinting of devices in general and evaluate their applicability for IoT devices. Furthermore, we discuss potential approaches for fingerprinting IoT devices and give an overview of some of the preliminary attempts to fingerprint IoT devices. We conclude by highlighting the future research directions for fingerprinting in the IoT domain.This article is categorized under: Application Areas &gt; Science and Technology Application Areas &gt; Internet Technologies &gt; Machine Learning Application Areas &gt; Industry Specific Applications

A Review on Plant Profile, Standardization Method and Pharmacological Activities of Tribulus Terristries (Gokhru)

Tribulus terristries belongs to family zygophyllaceae and commonly known as Puncture vine, Tribulus including goat's-head, bindii, bullhead, burra gokharu, bhakhdi, caltrop, small caltrops, cat's-head, devil's eyelashes, devil's-thorn, devil's-weed, puncture vine, and tackweed. Found widely distributed warmer regions of the world, throughout in India, srilanka, west Tibet, consists of dried fully ripen fruits of plant. Fruits are used as Diuretics tonics and also in the treatment of calculous affections and painful micturation, they are also used as aphrodiasic and in gout. Standardization is a system ensuring predefined set of the quantity, quality and therapeutic effect of the constituents in each dose. It is an imperative stride in establishing a quality assurance plan for production and manufacturing thereby, curtailing batch to batch variation and reassuring acceptability, safety, quality and efficacy of the drug , Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiles are used for ensuring the identity, transparency and potency of herbal formulations.

Exploring the Synergy Between HPTLC and HPLC-DAD for the Investigation of Wine-Making By-Products.

Both environmental and economic issues are increasingly pushing for the revalorization of agri-food by-products, including those arising from wine industry. Wastes produced from wine-making processes are important sources of biologically active compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, which could be re-used for several applications, for example as additive surrogates or new ingredients in foodstuffs and/or pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the development of methods aimed at isolating, characterizing and quantifying molecules present in winery by-products acquires considerable importance in view of their re-utilization on a large scale. In this connection, this study demonstrated that high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) can operate in synergy for the investigation of pomace and seed materials arising from both white and red cultivars of Vitis Vinifera. By virtue of fingerprint profiling, mass spectrometry (MS) interfacing and band comparison method, HPTLC enabled detection and identification of phenolic acids, non-anthocyanic flavonoids and anthocyanins. On the contrary, only anthocyanins could be identified by HPLC-DAD, and their subsequent quantification showed that malvidin-3-O-glucoside (oenin) was the most abundant one. In parallel, HPTLC has allowed to detect and quantify proanthocyanidins (PAC), showing that only catechin was present in the test samples. Both quantitative analytical methods were validated in terms of linearity, detection and quantification limits and precision.

Ploidy level and nucleotide variations in inflorescence dichotomous cultivars of plantain (Musa spp. AAB genome)

BackgroundInflorescence dichotomy in Musa species is a rare developmental event which leads to the production of multiple bunches on a single pseudostem at fruiting. In spite of its fascinating attraction and seductive appeal, little is known about the cytogenetic basis and molecular mechanisms that could be ascribed to this phenomenon. To bridge this gap in information, an integrative approach using cytological fingerprinting and DNA ploidy level profiling (based on chromosome counting and flow cytometry) were assayed on five inflorescence dichotomous plantain varieties and a single-bunching cultivar that served as control. This was done to assess the number and behaviour of chromosomes on the one hand and single nucleotide polymorphisms identified during analysis of nucleotide variations on the other.ResultsChromosomes stained with aceto-orcein were very tiny, compact, metacentric and acrocentric, and differed both in number and ploidy level between the inflorescence dichotomous and single-bunching cultivars. The dichotomous plantains were mainly diploid (2n = 2x = 22) while the single-bunching ‘Agbagba’ cultivar was consistently a triploid (2n = 3x = 33), as revealed by histological chromosome counting and flow cytometry, implying that there was a high incidence of genomic divergence on account of ploidy variations among the different Musa cultivars. Molecular genotyping using single nucleotide polymorphisms detected on the GTPase-protein binding gene of the leaf tissue gene complex provided further evidence indicating that differences in the number of bunches among the inflorescence dichotomous cultivars could be ascribed to nucleotide diversity that was elicited by changes in amino acid sequences in the genome of the crops. Non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions resulted mainly from transversion (from purine to pyramidine and vice versa), tacitly implying that these changes were crucial and promoted a cascade of reactions in the genome that were, probably, responsible for the non-persistence of the dichotomization event(s) or the reversals in the bunch phenotype detected among the inflorescence dichotomous cultivars.ConclusionsThis is the first report of cytogenetic fingerprints and nucleotide diversity detection among single- and multiple-bunching Musa cultivars. A clear distinction between the two groups was found that is indicative of variations both in ploidy level and nucleotide sequences. The pattern of single nucleotide polymorphisms provided profound clues suggesting that there was a high incidence of genomic divergence, due to random and unstable genetic events that were triggered by frequent spontaneous somatic mutations.

Evaluation of Phytochemicals in Methanolic Extract of Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux Collected from Manapad in the South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India

The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux collected from Manapad in the south east coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The phytochemical screening of methanolic extract was studied using the standard procedure by UV-Visible spectroscopic, HPLC and FTIR. The UV-Visible spectrum showed the compounds separated at the nm of 300, 350, 420, 460, 534.5, 538.5, 606.35 646 and 667.5 with the absorption 0.361, 0.249, 0.675, 4.000, 0.967, 0.098, 1.260, 2.460 and 2.571 respectively. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile displayed six compounds at different retention time of 1.923min, 2.140min, 2.533min, 3.017min, 3.260min and 3.525min. The result of FTIR analysis was found the presence of functional groups such as amides, phosphorus compound, alcohols, phenols and halogen compounds. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Hypnea musciformis, UV-Visible, HPLC, FTIR

Synthetic and biological identities of polymeric nanoparticles influencing the cellular delivery: An immunological link

Enhanced understanding of bio-nano interaction requires recognition of hidden factors such as protein corona, a layer of adsorbed protein around nano-systems. This study compares the biological identity and fingerprint profile of adsorbed proteins on PLGA-based nanoparticles through nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The total proteins identified in the corona of nanoparticles (NPs) with different in size, charge and compositions were classified based on molecular mass, isoelectric point and protein function. A higher abundance of complement proteins was observed in modified NPs with an increased size, while NPs with a positive surface charge exhibited the minimum adsorption for immunoglobulin proteins. A correlation of dysopsonin/opsonin ratio was found with cellular uptake of NPs exposed to two positive and negative Fc receptor cell lines. Although the higher abundance of dysopsonins such as apolipoproteins may cover the active sites of opsonins causing a lower uptake, the correlation of adsorbed dysopsonin/opsonin proteins on the NPs surface has an opposite trend with the intensity of cell uptake. Despite the reduced uptake of corona-coated NPs in comparison with pristine NPs, the dysopsonin/opsonin ratio controlled by the physicochemistry properties of NPs could potentially be used to tune up the cellular delivery of polymeric NPs.

Characterization of the Curcuminoids Fingerprint Profile in Curcuma and Zingiber Genera by TLC – Digital Image Analysis

Curcuma longa, C. xanthorrhiza, C. heyneana, and Zingiber cassumunar contain high curcuminoid and have relatively similar yellow color. Therefore, they are potentially adulterated and difficult to differentiate in the form of powder. Hence, it is necessary to characterize the fingerprints compound profile by a simple and rapid method. This research aims to determine fingerprint compound profile of curcuminoid using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and digital image analysis. The result of the research identified that the fingerprint compound profile of curcuminoid on the four rhizomes was obtained by TLC method using silica gel 60 GF254 as the stationary phase, chloroform: dichloromethane: methanol (13:6:1) as the mobile phase, and observation under UV 254 nm light and citroborate reagent. Thereafter, the digital image analysis was carried out using Image J software according to the gray value and % of RGB (red-green-blue) value. Based on gray value and % of RGB, both Curcuma and Zingiber genera were differentiated through curcumin compound (Rf 0.63), demethoxycurcumin (Rf 0.34), bisdemethoxycurcumin (Rf 0.21). The profile of fingerprint compound on Curcuma longa, C. xanthorrhiza, C. heyneana, and Zingiber cassumunar was differentiated through Rf 0.26; Rf 0.17; and Rf 0.10.

Mutation induction in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) by fast neutron irradiation

Basil species are highly sensitive to exterior environmental conditions and its consequences lead to great economic and agronomic losses. In this research, a mutation method was optimized out for creating a new variety of Ocimum basilicum L., which could tolerate the extreme/extraordinary climatic circumstances or biotic stresses, such as fungal diseases. Fast neutron irradiation was performed on the Hungarian commercial variety seeds with doses of 5 to 60 Gray and grown into fully developed plants. Numerous phenotypical changes like deformed congestion, leaf mutation, and low growth occurred, especially at higher dosages. Then to confirm whether the plantlets had mutation or not, and to detect the molecular variation and relationship, fingerprinting profiles of the developed mutant regenerants and donor plant have been assessed using ISSR markers. 115 loci were yielded, ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 kb, out of which 110 loci were polymorphic in nature, representing 95.6% polymorphism. The most suitable primer to determine the genetic diversity within the Ocimum species was the UBC-856 with 0.42 PIC and 4.1 MI values.

Liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis and antioxidant activity of selected lavender species with chemometric calculations.

The extracts of seven Lavandulae species (Lavandula stoechas, Lavandula lanata, Lavandula viridis, Lavandula angustifolia „Rosea”, Lavandula angustifolia „Afropurpurea”, Lavandula angustifolia and one unknown) were analyzed using the reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (RP-HPLC–DAD) with gradient elution technique to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. The HPLC analysis was performed using the Kinetex RP18 chromatographic column and eluent consisting of methanol-water-0.1% formic acid (5–100% (v/v)) at 30 °C with the run time of 60 min. and the detection wavelength 280 nm. The chromatograms were preliminary processed with the smoothing, noise reduction, background subtraction and alignment using the SpecAlign program (version 2.4.1). The presence of selected standards (apigenin, myricetin, luteolin, luteolin 7-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid) in the extracts was confirmed. The chemical similarity between studied plants was evaluated using the Cluster Analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, r, and Euclidean) and PCA. The preliminary antioxidant activity of studied extracts was evaluated based on the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter (FRAP) and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method using the spectrophotometric technique.

English

Cassia singueana is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and other related ailments. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the plant&rsquo;s root bark linked to the therapeutics claims of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The plant material was obtained and identified, and its phytochemical fingerprint profile was established using GC-MS technique. The plant&rsquo;s root bark was dried and ground into powder. The powdered material was extracted using 70% ethanol to obtain the crude extract (CECs). Another portion of the material (200 g) was extracted sequentially using soxhlet apparatus to obtain hexane (HFCs), chloroform (CFCs) and methanol MECs) fractions, respectively. The acute toxicity test (2000 mg/kg) and preliminary analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity (100 mg/kg, p.o.) of the extract and fractions were performed in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin respectively. The most active hexane fraction (HFCs) was subjected to HPLC analysis to investigate the active phytochemical constituents. They were then evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy at 25, 100 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. using formalin (50 &micro;l) induced pain in rats. Results showed that the root bark of C. singueana exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity against the pain induced model. HPLC analysis revealed that the phytochemical constituents linked to these activities are gallic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin and ferulic acid. Key words: Cassia singueana, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, gallic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin, ferulic acid. &nbsp

Phenolic Composition, Radical Scavenging Activity and an Approach for Authentication of Aronia melanocarpa Berries, Juice, and Pomace.

Aronia melanocarpa is a rich source of phenolic compounds like anthocyanins, chlorogenic acids, quercetin derivatives, and proanthocyanidins possessing strong antioxidative potential. The consumption of A. melanocarpa is actually increasing because of the known bioactivity of its phenolic constituents. A. melanocarpa extracts are used as natural colorants and nutraceuticals. Several attempts of adulteration of aronia products have already been reported. In this study, we investigated changes in phenolic composition from berry to juice by HPLC-PDA, and HPLC-ESI-MSn analyses as well as fingerprint profiles for authentication of commercially available aronia products in order to detect possible adulteration. Additionally, the radical scavenging activity of aronia products was determined by using the TEAC (Trolox® equivalent antioxidant capacity) assay. Aronia pomace, a valuable by-product of juice production, showed the highest phenolic content and possessed the highest radical scavenging activity.