Federal State Educational Standards Research Articles

Organization of research activities of first-year students in a maritime university

At present, with the widespread introduction of new information and innovative technologies that require an increase in the volume of assimilated and processed information, it becomes necessary to train specialists able to demonstrate creative activity, innovation in various fields of professional activities, and to quickly adapt to changing conditions. The new requirements imposed on university graduates are formed through the active participation of students in research activities, which is noted in the new federal state educational standard of higher education (FSES HE). This paper discusses the peculiarities of organizing research activities of cadets at the initial stage (1-2 years of study) of training at a maritime university. The novelty of the chosen topic includes the development and description of methodological recommendations for organizing the research activities of cadets of a maritime university when studying the disciplines of the basic cycle. The paper draws special attention to the rational choice of methods, forms, techniques of research activities that allow organizing active scientific work within the framework of a given university.

Обучение актеров: компетенции или способности

<p>This paper examines the concepts of "competence" and "aptitude" in the federal state educational standards. The study substantiates the need for returning to the theoretical notions of aptitude, as developed in domestic psychology, when training specialists for creative professions. The authors analyse the content dynamics of the higher education standards in the acting profession across 2002, 2010, 2017 and 2021. The notion of aptitude is considered from the standpoint of S. L. Rubinstein's and A. N. Leontiev's activity theory and B. M. Teplov's concept of individual differences. Content analysis of the concepts of "competence" and "aptitude" demonstrates that the competence-based approach helps sustain the graduate's universal characteristics, which does not align with the educational process in the acting profession, focused on the individual approach and talent development. The authors note that the content of competencies does not account for the subject's unique characteristics, and is reduced to knowledge, skills, and abilities. The study thus emphasises the relevance of establishing a psycho-pedagogical service in higher education for creative professions</p>

The main methodological approaches to the formation of universal competencies of students of technical universities

The paper highlights the theoretical provisions describing the main methodological approaches to the formation of competencies, which are provided for by modern federal state educational standards of higher education, taking into account professional standards (FGOS HE (3++)) bachelors degree in the areas of training of the enlarged group 090000 Computer Science and Computer engineering: competence, system-activity and information approaches in education and pedagogical science. The differences between the analyzed FGOS in (3++) and earlier educational standards in the aspect of the formed results of educational activity are highlighted. The concept of competence itself is clarified, the views of scientists on the content of this term given in domestic and foreign literature are analyzed. The result of educational activity is considered as a set of competencies formed in the process of educational activity aimed at the implementation and application of professional skills of a future specialist in a certain subject area. Attention is drawn to the possibilities of the listed methodological approaches to the organization and implementation of the educational process in the formation of interdisciplinary and suprasubject competencies, which is required by modern conditions: the future specialist must be competitive, meet the needs of the employer, have opportunities for self-realization, etc. these opportunities are described by the example of curricula adopted for implementation in the Volga State University of Telecommunications and computer science. The necessity of integration of individual approaches in order to effectively implement educational activities is substantiated. It is noted that the need for effective organization of the modern digital educational process requires scientific justification. In this regard, the development of digital didactics, a new and relevant direction of pedagogical science, is being noted today.

Programming graphics and animation in the informatics course of basic school

The article analyzes new opportunities in the study of the thematic section "Algorithms and Programming" of the informatics course of basic school, which appeared during the transition to updated Federal State Educational Standards. The planning of lessons of the theme "Computer graphics and animation" is given, invariant with respect to the graph and turtle modules of the Python programming language ("Introduction to the module", "Rectangle, circle. Building images from graphic primitives", "Using loops to create images", "Simple shape closed area hatching", "Procedures", "Nested loops", "Animation", "Controlled animation"). The main features of the turtle module are described. A detailed description of each of the eight lessons of the theme is presented, including an example of solving a basic problem and its analysis, as well as tasks for modifying the proposed solution and developing solutions to other problems based on it. The solution by means of turtle graphics of the problem of the Unified State Exam in informatics is presented.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОГРАММ ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ С ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИМ И МЕДИЦИНСКИМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕМ

The paper deals with topical issues of developing additional professional advanced training programs for specialists in several specialties with a secondary pharmaceutical and medical education. For many years, postgraduate medical and pharmaceutical education provided for a one-time advanced training of specialists over a five-year period. At the same time, such a training format lasting, as a rule, 144 hours, hardly allowed the student to master a significant amount of relevant professional information accumulated by science and practice over the past five years. It is obvious that the current pace of development of domestic healthcare in general and pharmacy, in particular, the emergence and active use of innovative educational technologies, the existing need for pharmaceutical personnel to regularly receive updated and systematized professional knowledge could not but lead to the transformation of the previously existing model of postgraduate education. However, to date, two inextricably linked components of this process have been clearly defined: the introduction of continuing medical and pharmaceutical education and the accreditation of specialists. Moreover, in the current conditions, continuous education is becoming a necessary condition for the formation of a portfolio and admission to the accreditation procedure for a specialist, while accreditation serves as a fundamental licensing tool for professional activities. An active participant in the continuing medical and pharmaceutical education system are educational organizations that have been delegated the functions of developing and implementing additional professional advanced training programs. The purpose of this work was to popularize the experience of the Department of Pharmacy of the Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia in the development of additional educational programs for specialists with medical and pharmaceutical education. The methodological basis for the process of developing a development of additional educational programs for specialists with medical and pharmaceutical education was the professional competencies presented in the Federal State Educational Standards in the specialty "Pharmacy", Nursing, Federal State Educational Standards "General Medicine", Federal State Educational Standards "Obstetrics" and labor functions given in the relevant professional standards. On the example of additional professional advanced training programs developed at the Department of Pharmacy of the Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, modern approaches are shown that allow harmonizing their content with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards for medical and pharmaceutical specialties with professional standards "Pharmacist", "Nursing Organization Specialist", "Nurse/Nurse Brother", "Midwife", "Nurse Anesthetist", "Paramedic".

Educational Environment as the Basis for the Formation of Universal Competencies of Students

The purpose of the study. The legislation of the Russian Federation describes education as a single purposeful process of education and training. At the same time, education rightly stands before learning, in the first place, at all levels of education. The importance of personal development in educational institutions of higher education is spelled out in various regulatory documents of the federal level. The legislator defines education as a systemic process that is one for understanding by teaching staff in the field of education; therefore, the active development of the educational environment has become one of the primary tasks for universities, regardless of their departmental affiliation. The effectiveness of modern education depends on the educational environment in which the holistic educational process is carried out. Moreover, according to the federal state educational standards of higher education, not professional, but universal competencies come to the fore, providing opportunities for flexible human strategies (education, profession, personal and social strategies) in a competitive environment that accelerates changes in the labor market. It is the environment that is the basis for the formation of universal competencies of students. However, in the practice of Russian educational institutions of higher education, the potential of the educational process is not included in the formation of universal graduate competencies. The purpose of the presented paper is to analyze the current state of the personal development environment of educational institutions of higher education as the basis for the formation of universal competencies of students.Materials and methods of research. The research was based on scientific and methodological literature that reveals the essence of the educational space in higher educational institutions, studies the issues of personal development in educational institutions of higher education and the components of the personal development environment in the formation of universal competencies of students. When studying these sources on the problem under consideration, methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, their abstraction and concretization were used. The methodological basis of the research was complex and technological approaches as the most important components of the educational environment, systemic and environmental approaches as the basis of the educational function of the university in modeling the educational environment with the expectation of profiling training, as well as an activity approach associated with the activity nature of the formation of universal competencies of students.Results. As a result of the research, the historical aspect of the formation of the concept of “educational environment” has been studied and its formulation has been clarified, the differences between this concept and the concept of “nurturing environment” have been identified and the possibilities of the educational environment in the formation of universal competencies of students have been characterized.Conclusion. The theoretical analysis carried out and the conclusions of the study on the problem under consideration can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the issues of regulating the personal development process in educational institutions of higher education, thereby improving the quality of the holistic educational process. It is important to analyze the possibilities of the personal development environment of educational institutions of higher education in the practical formation of universal competencies of students.

К вопросу о формировании личностных результатов школьников в учебно-познавательной деятельности: реализация обновленного ФГОС ООО

The article provides a rationale for the synthesis of axiological and system-activity approaches for the formation of a value attitude to the Russian (native) language in accordance with the requirements of the updated Federal State Educational Standards LLC. An attempt is made to prove that through the teacher's understanding of the possibilities of integrating the axiological and system-activity approaches in educational and cognitive activity, a system of positive value orientations is formed and the expansion of the experience of activity on its basis as an important complex personal result of the student.

Entrepreneurship education programmes research in Russia: Stakeholder expectations and university practice

Introduction. Entrepreneurial education, as an area of educational practice in higher education, is a relatively new area of activity for Russian universities. In this area, due to the special dynamics of development and transformation, especially in a pandemic, there is the most significant gap between the competencies formed by universities and in demand on the labour market. The rationale for the research stemmed from two major trends in the economy and society: industry demand for workforce with greater enterprise skills, at the same time a new generation, generation Z, seeks more flexible and more fulfilling career path. Therefore, to address these trends, universities have to diversify the skill set included in the academic curriculum.Aim. This study is aimed at studying the problems of interaction between universities and their stakeholders in curricula improvement.Methodology and research methods. Taken into consideration the regulatory nature of the curricula design in Russian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) a two-step strategy has been adopted for this research. The first step was a concern with meta-analysis of the competencies outlined in Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) in Management through the lens of entrepreneurial competencies. The second step was to investigate inclusion of soft skills in entrepreneurship curricula in across Russian HEIs. To address the objective of research, descriptive statistics and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test were applied.Results. The research findings suggest in the environment where the degree programmes have to comply with set Governmental standards, curricula in entrepreneurship struggle to develop essential soft entrepreneurial skills. Most of the analysed curricula are heavily loaded with hard and cognitive skills. Even though the government proclaims a need for innovative development of the nation, creative and innovative thinking is not mentioned either in the FSES nor analysed curricula. The research findings also led to a surprising conclusion that very few core ‘business’ modules include the development of social or action-oriented skills in their learning outcomes.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time the problems of ensuring the development of soft skills in entrepreneurial education in Russia have been studied.Practical significance. The results of the study will find their application in the design of entrepreneurial curricula to achieve the necessary balance of competencies in them.

Lessons according to Shansky: the potential of N. M. Shansky’s legacy to overcome the challenges posed to the modern Russian language teacher

The paper considers N. M. Shansky’s scientific and popular scientific writings as a resource available to a modern teacher of the Russian language. Teachers can use these materials to spark students’ interest in studying Russian, to enhance their research skills and their ability to identify patterns and discrepancies between the phenomena under consideration, including the development of project research assignments. The study analysed scientific, educational, scientific reference, and popular scientific sources. It also employed observation, search, and descriptive methods as well as comparative analysis and scientific modelling. The paper presents those tasks whose content is based on the ideas and information reflected in N. M. Shansky’s works. I propose using such tasks in studying lexicology and phraseology, word formation and spelling, in mastering the functional varieties of the Russian language, and in characterising the stylistic features of texts of different types. The paper describes a variety of techniques for working with etymological, explanatory (defining), phraseological dictionaries, and literary sources. It also includes tasks for comparing entries in dictionaries of the same type as well as scientific reference and popular scientific texts. The paper provides materials for language warmups, entertaining tasks, topics for research papers. Additionally, I show the feasibility of using groupwork and referring to Internet resources. The paper concludes by arguing for the enduring value of the ideas suggested in the scientist’s works. Moreover, I highlight the potential of these materials for developing modern students’ crucial competencies as well as achieving personal, subject, and meta-subject learning outcomes formulated in the federal state educational standards.

Experience in Assessing the Emotional Intelligence of University Graduates in the Specialty “Business Informatics”

The purpose of this study was to describe new approaches to the practical reaction of the educational process of training business informatics specialists to the modern challenges of digitalization of society in the field of formation of emotional intelligence of university graduates. In conditions of uncertainty, instability, high turbulence of the environment, business requirements for graduates of the education system are changing significantly: there is a transformation of the priorities of requirements from the simple formation of knowledge to skills and abilities to demonstrate the capability to work in extreme conditions, having stress resistance, high emotional intelligence. Business practice shows that in the conditions of post-pandemic and turbulence of the environment, the elements of emotional and professional “burnout” of employees significantly increase, which leads to a decrease in productivity and quality of work. These circumstances indicate the urgent relevance of the mobile restructuring of the training process, primarily in the field of digitalization of business and society as a whole.Materials and methods. In this study, an interdisciplinary approach was applied, implemented at the intersection of pedagogy, management, cultural studies, business philosophy, psychology, mathematical statis- tics, and information technology. The method of contextual analysis and synthesis of factual material was used to study the current state of the problem from publicly available information sources. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation among students of the 4th year of bachelor’s degree and 1-2 years of master’s degree in the direction of training “Business Informatics”, studying in the profile “IT management in business”. The analysis of the existing system of training specialists shows that it is not able, even after the master’s degree, to provide business with employees who are able to carry out their functional duties with a high degree of stress tolerance, good emotion management, effective practical skills in information and communication processes in conditions of uncertainty and high turbulence.Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the information available in the public domain, the main trends in changing the requirements for practical skills and abilities of university graduates in the specialty business informatics have been identified. Using feedback from graduates of a Financial University working in Russian business, as well as with their employer managers, a list of core competencies has been compiled that are lacking in the modern educational process of universities, or which are only fragmentary in the list of Federal State Educational Standards of the Russian Federation. The authors of this work over the past four years have failed to assess the level of competence of graduates of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in the field of study “Business Informatics”. This result showed the urgent need to shift the emphasis of the educational process from the formation of a typical set of knowledge among students towards the formation of skills and abilities in the field of work in extreme conditions, the formation of stress resistance and emotional intelligence. Within the framework of possible corrections of working educational programs for bachelor’s and master’s degree programs in business informatics, the authors began using methods and technologies for the formation of emotional intelligence, the use of tools for assessing and self-evaluating the level of competence in the elements that determine the emotional formation and development of personality.Conclusion. The analysis of doing business in the conditions of a pandemic and high turbulence of the environment showed the importance of transforming the personnel training system towards shifting priorities to the field of developing skills and abilities to work in extreme conditions, the ability to manage emotions. The higher education system, from the point of view of modern business requirements, is obliged to form, along with the total amount of knowledge (Intelligence Quotient, IQ), emotional intelligence (Emo- tion Quotient, EQ) among university graduates. The experience of evaluating graduates of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Business Informatics at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation shows a low level of EQ that is unacceptable from the point of view of business requirements. However, even with the fragmentary introduction of the basic elements of EQ formation during the implementation of master’s degree programs in the 1st and 2nd courses, the level of basic competencies in the field of emotional intelligence formation increases significantly.

On new approaches to the study of school informatics in the conditions of digital transformation of society

The 2022/2023 academic year marks the beginning of a new stage in the development of school informatics as one of the subjects that most fully reflects the social order in the context of the digital transformation of many areas of our lives. In the updated Federal State Educational Standards, for the frst time, the possibility of studying informatics at the basic and advanced levels is already recorded in the basic school. By choosing an advanced level of studying informatics in the basic school, educational organizations can go beyond the Procrustean bed of an ineffective one-hour subject, which until now many experts rightly considered school informatics. Approved by the Federal Educational and Methodological Association for General Education, exemplary work programs in informatics of the basic and advanced levels for 7th–9th grades, as well as a program in informatics for 5th–6th grades, allow educational organizations to offer students various trajectories for mastering the subject.

Goals of Modern Higher Education in the Context of Federal State Educational Standard 3++

The article is an analytical review of the key goals of modern higher education in Russia and abroad. It also contains an analysis of their influence on the competencies presented in the federal state educational standards (FGOS) on the example of FGOS3 + and 3 ++ for the majour in Linguistics 45.03.02. Article purpose – to describe the key purposes of modern higher education on the basis of the review of scientific resources and trace through the ways these trends influence the competences of federal state educational standards of the higher education (on the example of standard 45.03.02. “Linguistics”). Methods of a research include the analysis of relevant scientific resources and also content the analysis of federal state educational standard of specialty 45.03.02. “Linguistics” of two generations. Results of the research. The main result of the study is the detailed analysis of the leading trends in modern education, which made it possible to highlight the main requirements for the competencies of a modern specialist, based on data from current scientific resources containing information on key trends in higher education, the role of a competenсy-based approach in the goal-setting of modern higher education. The analysis of these requirements was applied during the subsequent content analysis of the competencies of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Linguistics 45.03.02 of the last two generations (2014 and 2020), implemented at the Novosibirsk State Technical University.

ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ МАРШРУТ КАК СРЕДСТВО РАЗВИТИЯ УЧЕБНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ МОТИВАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА

Statement of the problem. Modern trends in the development of the system of higher and postgraduate education, as well as increased requirements for the personality of a professional and his/her trajectory of professional development, allow us to conclude that the leading role is obvious of the system of educational and professional motives in the structure of educational and professional activities of students at different stages of professional training at a university. The need to specify the scientific basis for optimizing the professional training of future teachers, including its psychological and pedagogical support, is being updated. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the developing potential of an individual educational route as a means of development educational and professional motivation of students of a pedagogical university. Methodology (materials and methods). The research methodology was compiled by scientific works that reflect the essence of the problem of identifying the characteristics of personal psychological development in adolescence (L.I. Bozhovich, L.S. Vygotsky, E.A. Klimov, I.S. Kon, V.S. Mukhina, D. I. Feldstein, etc.); theoretical foundations in the field of educational and professional activities of students (A.A. Verbitsky, E.F. Zeer, I.A. Zimnyaya, A.N. Leontiev, E.I. Mashbits, D.B. Elkonin, etc.); studies concerning the disclosure of the essence and structural components of educational and professional motivation of students and its development at different stages of education (L.I. Bozhovich, N.Yu. Voronkova, T.O. Gordeeva, T.I. Ilyina, I.A. Zimnyaya, N.S. Kiseleva, A.K. Markova, V.A. Yakunin, etc.); implementation of the principle of individualization in tutor support of students as the basis for the formation of their subject position (scientific school of T.M. Kovaleva); requirements of professional standards; and federal state educational standards of higher education for professional training of future teachers and educational psychologists. Research results. The components of educational and professional motivation and their corresponding indicators have been developed in order to identify the features of the motivational profile of students at all stages of education. The conceptual, content and technological aspects of an individual educational route have been developed as a means of developing educational and professional motivation of students of a pedagogical university, the implementation of which is currently being carried out at the Institute of Psychological and Pedagogical Education of the KSPU named after V.P. Astafyev in the context of the implementation of the Trajectory project. Conclusion. The approach proposed in the article towards development of educational and professional motivation of students of a pedagogical university will improve the quality of professional training of future specialists, which is due to the social significance of a teacher profession for the development of society.

Value-Oriented Approach to Evaluating the Results of Educational Work in Educational Organizations of the Novosibirsk Region

The article is written on the basis of the analysis of the results of monitoring the indicators of the system of organization of education in the Novosibirsk region. The most important component of federal state educational standards is a focus on educational results. The question of the system for assessing personal results is one of the key ones in the education system and educational institution. Guided by the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federationˮ № 273–FL, each educational organization ensures the functioning of the internal system for assessing the quality of education, develops and implements its own system for assessing the achievement of the planned results of the development of the main educational program; determines the main directions and goals of evaluation activities, criteria, procedures, composition of assessment tools. The lack of assessment materials on personal results in the main educational program of an educational organization is a violation of the implementation of the GEF of basic general education and the Law “On Education of the Russian Federationˮ. In the requirements for achieving personal results, the standard and regulatory documents do not define evaluation and diagnostic tools. Therefore, the study of personal results, both according to scientists and practitioners, is of particular difficulty. This article presents a value-oriented approach to assessing the results of educational work in the educational organizations of the Novosibirsk region which can be used to achieve personal learning outcomes.

Ретроспектива обучения информационной безопасности в отечественных школах

The article substantiates the need for information security training in Russian schools. A review of informatics textbooks from 1985 to the present is given with a view to changing views on teaching safe work with information resources, highlighting the dominant areas that are reflected in educational materials. The place of information security in regulatory documents, in particular, in the federal state educational standards (FSES) of basic and secondary general education, is considered. It is shown what forms of information security training are in the classroom (situational tasks, role-playing and business games, watching educational animated videos) and in the extracurricular (information security olympiads, thematic classroom hours, discussion platforms, extracurricular activities, meetings with IT workers, visiting IT enterprises) activities should prevail. Specific examples of gaming tasks for teaching information security are given, which can be used in the classroom as learning tasks or in extracurricular activities as separate competitions.

Soft skills of bachelors in the institutes of culture within the context of competence-based approach: The conceptual and theoretical analysis

Today, the educational paradigm in the library and information sphere engages the concepts of “competency” and “competence”. The authors analyze the so-called soft skills that are seen as universal ones. The accent is made on the contents of the soft skills of the bachelors studying within the specialization 51. 03. 06 “Library and information activities”. According to the Higher Education Federal State Education Standards, the bachelors in the sphere of library and information activities must master the soft skills like the ability to apply system approach for efficient problem solving, to integrate with the society, to acknowledge intercultural diversity, and to follow self-development path. The authors argue that the educational processes do not meet the standard requirements yet as the curricula structure have been changing and auditorium teaching load has been decreasing. The soft skills are increasingly decisive for employers, as the employers are interested in efficient professionals and employeers able to build social communications.

MONITORING THE RESULTS OF DEVELOPING THE COMPETENCES OF HEALTHCARE MANAGERS AT ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION COURSES

The aim of the study was to develop a system for monitoring the results of the formation of universal and professional competencies of healthcare managers when studying at additional professional education courses. The objectives of the study included defining the stages of monitoring, developing a fund of assessment tools, criteria and assessment indicators for the competencies specified in the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education (FSES HE), implementing and testing the effectiveness of monitoring in the cycles of professional retraining of healthcare managers. The developed and implemented monitoring system has proved its effectiveness. The result of its application is obtaining the most accurate, objective and timely information about the level of development of universal and professional competencies of healthcare organizers in the process of training in professional retraining cycles. In the course of monitoring, reliable results were obtained to improve the level of competencies of healthcare managers related to organizational and managerial activities.

Проблемы подготовки научных и научно-педагогических кадров в аспирантуре (адъюнктуре) в условиях перехода на федеральные государственные требования

The process of training highly qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel at the present stage is going through another transitional period. The rejection of federal state educational standards and the return to federal state requirements, despite its positive direction, nevertheless, is accompanied by a significant number of new problems. The inevitability of such is not discussed. The most acute issue is their timely detection and adequate response, as a guarantee of success for everyone, from adjuncts (graduate students) to all Russian science. As always, in an era of change, the most affected is a specific person, a group of people. In our case, these are young scientists who are just starting to take their first steps in this field. Being a product of the old educational system, their perception of the new rules so far looks extremely painful. However, the final result of the entire reform, the essence of which boils down to the reincarnation of the scientific component, will largely depend on the change in their approach to what is happening. In turn, its actual implementation is yet to be, depending on many components, including the position of educational institutions, supervisors, heads (heads) of departments and other specialists involved in the process of preparing adjuncts.

The main approaches to the description of planned learning outcomes in the Russian language adopted in Moscow Electronic School

The paper presents the main approaches to formulating planned learning outcomes in the Russian language for the "Planned Results" service of Moscow Electronic School. The research considers the principles of setting a SMART goal and the requirements for learning outcomes in this subject. These requirements are reflected in the new Federal state educational standards for basic general education. The ultimate aim of the study was to create a tool that can not only make the processes of goal setting and assessment of learners’ achievements more meaningful, but also draw teachers’ attention to the potential of research methods for teaching Russian. Based on the taxonomy of planned learning outcomes (reproductive, productive, and reflective) adopted in Moscow Electronic School, we suggest a classification of reflective type outcomes identified according to the nature of the activity. These are the groups united by the concepts of "systematization", "research", "creativity"). Additionally, the paper describes a possible logic of material presentation depending on the methods chosen by the teacher and the results whose achievement should become the result of studying particular content elements. We pay particular attention to the issues of developing and employing the activity-based approach to learning. This is manifested in our attempt to shift the focus from assessing the final result to assessing the process of completing the task. Drawing on the studies undertaken by V. V. Davydov, I. Ya. Lerner and their followers, we emphasize the importance of describing learning outcomes through naming the activity students perform in the classroom. This position is based on two fundamental principles of work, namely the unity of subject and meta-subject learning outcomes and the reliance on the activity-based approach. At the same time, the paper also highlights the importance of observing the principle of differentiation between teacher and student wording of the task. The approach indicates an understanding of goal setting and assessment as a common purpose of the student and the teacher.

Формирование кадрового потенциала таможенных органов в условиях перехода к «интеллектуальной таможне»

The article is devoted to the formation of personnel potential of customs authorities. The conditions for the formation of professional and general cultural (universal) competencies within the framework of federal state educational standards of higher education in the preparation of students in the specialty "Customs" are analyzed. The authors have developed organizational and methodological recommendations for the formation of the emotional competence of university students, as well as officials of customs authorities, which involve improving the methodology for individualizing education at the university. Formed educational and methodological support for the process of training students studying in the specialty "Customs" at the Samara State Technical University, which includes variable tasks developed on the basis of the contextual ap-proach and methods of individualization of education at the university.