Federal State Educational Standards Research Articles

Методологические основания формирования универсальных учебных действий в контексте идей концепции «Феноменология развития и бытия личности» В.С. Мухиной

<p>The article considers the methodological foundations for the formation of universal educational actions as the basis for the creation of metasubject results of general secondary education and it examines the key ideas of cultural-historical and system-activity approaches that are fundamental in achieving the main results of school education. The authors substantiate the importance of implementing these ideas at the level of federal state educational standards in order to systematize, standardize and regulate the activities of teachers in a modern school. The article also reveals the interrelation of the currently existing methodology for the formation of universal educational actions with the ideas of the concept of the V.S. Mukhina's scientific school «Phenomenology of personality development and being». Here’s also substantiated the productivity of considering V.S. Mukhina's scientific ideas on the mental mechanisms of identification-isolation and factors determining the development of the personality, including: 1 – genotypic prerequisites, as methodological foundations for the formation of cognitive, communicative and regulatory universal educational actions; 2 – external conditions (the reality of the objective world, the reality of figurative and symbolic systems, natural reality, the reality of the socio-normative space); 3 – the internal position of the personality. The authors consider the interrelation of personal educational outcomes with universal educational activities as well. They also defend the idea that the prior purpose of education is personal development.</p>

Организация и методика проведения полевой практики по ботанике в вузе в условиях дистанционного обучения

The trends in the formation of a digital society serve as benchmarks for the current and prospective development of higher pedagogical education. Therefore, one of the goals of biological and ecological education for future teachers is to master modern digital technologies. Federal projects for creating a digital educational environment include the development of digital services and content for educational activities. Thus, the development of distance learning technologies and blended learning has become a crucial condition for the digital transformation of biology and ecology teaching in higher education. The Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education (FGOS VO) require the learning outcomes to reflect the components of information culture for future biology teachers and bioecologists. This includes skills such as obtaining necessary information from dictionaries, atlases, guides, the ability to navigate various sources of biological information, critically evaluate and interpret information about living and non-living nature in the media and other sources, and the ability to use information and communication technologies in solving practical tasks. In this regard, organizing field practice for biology students in botany under distance learning conditions is an important component in the subject, meta-subject, and methodological preparation of future biology teachers and bioecology specialists. The accessibility of modern information resources to students, including those with limited capabilities and athletes, in any location and time using distance technologies emphasizes the need to improve their information culture. By engaging students remotely in the study of living nature through mobile devices, virtual and augmented reality, university teachers shape their knowledge and skills in botany, ICT competencies, and information culture, which is part of general human culture and an important element in the development of every individual. Objective: To improve the effectiveness of organizing and conducting field practice for bioecology students in botany under conditions of distance and blended learning. Method or Methodology: The publication is based on information, technological, and competency-based pedagogical approaches. The article utilizes group natural science and pedagogical observations, mathematical methods, and the analysis of students’ activities resulting from individual independent collection of plant material with subsequent analysis and chamber processing. Results: Positive results have been obtained, allowing for the recommendation of implementing distance, mobile, and immersive technologies for organizing and conducting field practices in biology. Application Area of Results: The presented results can be applied in conducting educational activities in universities under conditions of blended and inclusive learning, particularly in biology field practices, both online and offline.

Topical Issues of Methods of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language in Russian Universities

The article discusses problematic issues that arise when studying Chinese at Russian universities. An assessment of the applicable techniques and the current state of their effectiveness are given. In addition, data from a sociological study are presented. Promising methods are also considered that will improve the quality of teaching and adaptation of Russian-speaking students when teaching Chinese. The author revealed that studying the Chinese language is one of the priority language areas of education in Russia. This is due to the emerging economic and political realities. In the context of actively developing cooperation between Russia and China, there is a need for professionals who speak Chinese to ensure communication. This applies to both business and government spheres. That is why the growing need for learning Chinese has increased significantly compared to the previous year. In many ways, Chinese replaces English. Hence, many Russian universities adapt their curricula and include the study of the Chinese language in them. At the same time, this activity in many non-linguistic educational institutions is at the initial stage. Current norms and Federal State Educational Standards do not imply blanket language learning, but the ability to apply it in real situations. At the same time, learning the Chinese language is significantly different from learning other foreign languages due to its characteristics. In addition, the psychological component associated with the transition to a different type of formation of language skills and language perception is important. The purpose of the article is to identify current issues in the methodology of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in Russian universities. Methodology. The current methodology of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in Russian universities was tested using the method of sociological research. The results of the study showed that there are a number of problematic issues in teaching work in the field of teaching Chinese.

Innovative pedagogical technologies in the modernization teaching of morphological disciplines

This article describes the experience of using innovative pedagogical technologies in the teaching process of morphologic disciplines. The need for such modernization associated with approval of the Federal State educational standards and requirements for building the necessary set of competencies for the future doctor. Application of innovative pedagogical Technologies expands the possibilities of preparing students for the newer forms of external audit of the residual knowledge of students, develops clinical thinking, more successfully prepares for upcoming Professional activity.

The use of the mentoring institute on the example of teaching economic disciplines: patterns and implementation specifics

Mentoring in higher education is a necessity and an obligatory process of transferring the experience of teaching staff to young teachers. Statistics show that the younger generation is not eager to devote themselves to teaching, sometimes because they are not aware of all aspects of the profession. The mentoring task in higher education is to involve the younger generation in a unique pedagogical process. The work is complex, requiring from the parties a creative approach and the ability to turn a young specialist in the direction of pedagogy. Everything is important in this process from understanding the financial component to recognizing the social significance of the activity. Mentoring for young teachers, graduate students, masters in teaching economic disciplines, along with the regularities of the process has its own significant features, which arise from the economic reality study specifics, as well as the presence of numerous concepts and theories that interpret this economic reality itself and on the basis of this proposing a certain state economic policy. The issue becomes relevant also because the approaches to the federal state educational standards are being transformed in Russia.

Формирование профессиональных компетенций будущих учителей математики средствами курса теории и методики преподавания математики

The article is devoted to the implementation of the Federal state educational standard of higher education in teaching students of a pedagogical university the methodology of teaching mathematics at school. The tasks of laboratory work of the course of general methods of teaching mathematics, contributing to the formation of professional competencies and the development of labor functions of future teachers of mathematics, are considered. The article is addressed to teachers and students of pedagogical universities, methodologists, mathematics teachers.

The digital technologies in the development of spoken english among students in grades 10-11 classes

Today it can be argued that information and communication technologies (ICT) have taken a strong place among the mandatory means of organizing and implementing the educational process. Federal state educational standards target educational participants’ process for the widespread use of electronic (computer) technologies, allowing for classroom and extracurricular activities to obtain, assimilate knowledge, to form skills and develop abilities in the learning process various academic disciplines, including foreign languages.

Цифровые компетенции донбасских учителей: анализ современного состояния и векторы развития

The article analyzes the state of integration of digital technologies into the practical activities of teachers of educational organizations of the Donetsk People's Republic in the context of the development of digital competencies. The processes of integration into the educational space of the Russian Federation, the transition to the updated Federal State Educational Standards, work on preserving and improving the quality of educational results, taking place in a difficult socio-political situation, changes in ethnic identity, shortage of personnel, technical infrastructure, forced work in mixed and remote formats exacerbate the methodological, didactic and organizational problems of introducing new technologies in the educational environment. The study interprets the results of a survey of teachers, analyzes the subjective experience of using digital technologies in the educational process, which allows us to see the overall picture of the formation of digital competencies of teachers to determine the vectors of further development.

СУЩНОСТЬ ПОНЯТИЯ «КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЕ УЧЕБНЫЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ»

One of the directions of modernization of education is the introduction of the Federal State Educa-tional Standard (FSES) of a new generation, in which special attention is paid to the development of universal educational actions in students, in particular communicative ones

Creating a model of a training task set for a multitask practical training in the courses “Informatics” and “Information technologies in professional activity”

According to the federal state educational standards, the curriculum for socio-economic and humanitarian students of secondary vocational education (SVE) and higher education (HE) includes disciplines that provide mastery of competencies in the field of information and communication technologies. Along with the course of informatics, they include disciplines of the block “Information technologies in professional activity”: “Information Technologies in Court Activity” (SVE), “Information Technologies in Professional Activity” (for several specialties of SVE), “Information and Communication Technologies in Judicial Activity” (HE), “Information Technologies in Management” (HE), “Information Technologies in Translation Studies” (HE) and several other disciplines.Based on the analysis of scientific literature and an array of manuals — workshops provided to students and teachers by leading Russian electronic library systems (ELS), as well as own pedagogical work in teaching informatics and the block of academic courses “Information Technologies in Professional Activity”, the author proposes a model of training tasks set to be solved during the study of these courses. The relevance of the article subject is conditioned by the necessity to effectively use the time allocated by the curricula of socio-economic and humanitarian training areas of vocational education and higher education for the study of informatics and information technologies in professional activities. The novelty of the results presented by the author is confirmed by the absence of articles and reports on the topic in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) database

From creating conditions for forming functional literacy of students to achievement of planned results in the context of the federal state educational standard of basic general education

From creating conditions for forming functional literacy of students to achievement of planned results in the context of the federal state educational standard of basic general education

Сравнительный анализ развития кадров высшей квалификации: переход ФГОС к ФГТ

Strategic features of the formation and optimization of highly qualified personnel, in the context of a rapidly developing state program of adjunct/postgraduate studies, the transition from Federal state educational standards to Federal state requirements is of particular importance. The transition to federal state requirements is aimed at increasing the quality of the formation of research competencies of adjuncts/graduate students in educational institutions of higher education. The existing trends are aimed at improving the formation of professional skills of young professionals. At the same time, significant changes in the return to pre-existing federal state requirements cover aspects of regulating the scientific activities of scientific, pedagogical and scientific personnel and scientific supervisors fixed on the basis of internal regulations. To which the relevant requirements of the management of the associate/graduate student were also fixed. Optimization of the direction of training scientific, pedagogical and scientific personnel in accordance with federal state requirements fix certain guidelines for the independent functioning of an educational organization, which gives it a large list of freedom of action aimed at training adjuncts /graduate students.
 The purpose of the article is to analyze and comparatively summarize normative legal acts aimed at improving the training of adjuncts/graduate students in the field of science and higher education.

Актуальные проблемы правового регулирования среднего профессионального юридического образования и пути их решения

Purpose. In the sphere of legal regulation of secondary professional legal education in Russia, there are a number of problems, which should include: problems of limited scope of application of specialists with secondary professional legal education; problems determined by contradictions between the federal state educational standards of secondary professional legal education and the Unified Qualification Directory of positions of managers, specialists and other employees ; problems of simplification of educational methodological literature for secondary professional legal education problems of the demonstration exam. Methodology: the article uses methods of dialectics, comparative jurisprudence, general theory of law and private scientific methods of educational law. Conclusions. The legal regulation of secondary professional legal education needs to be improved by solving existing problems. To do this, it is necessary to eliminate contradictions between normative legal acts, expand the scope of application of the work of specialists with secondary professional legal education, abandon the simplified presentation of normative legal material in the educational and methodological literature, correct the work programs of academic disciplines in accordance with the requirements of the demonstration exam. Scientific and practical significance. The article is aimed at optimizing both the science of educational law and social security law, and the practice of law enforcement in the implementation of federal state standards of secondary vocational education.

Original article Formalization of the task of developing wartime curricula and programs

Managing higher education involves solving a number of problems that are difficult to formalize. Such tasks include ensuring consistency of the logical-time sequence of training in real conditions of continuous improvement of documents regulating the educational process (federal state educational standards, professional standards, approximate basic educational programs, curricula, basic professional educational programs, work programs of disciplines, indicators of achievement of competencies and so on.).Increasing the efficiency of higher education management is associated with the introduction of specialized information systems into the educational process of a university, designed to automate basic processes and tasks.The range of tasks solved by the higher education management system is also influenced by the actual sociopolitical situation. In modern conditions, it seems relevant to resolve the issue of developing curricula for shortened training or wartime plans in certain areas of professional activity.Works have been published in which formalized methods have been developed to ensure consistency of the logical-time sequence of learning in the higher education system. These methods create favorable preconditions for their further improvement and application in solving related problems.The applicability of graph theory methods for a formalized solution to the problem of developing wartime curricula and programs is shown.

Начертательная геометрия сегодня: проблемы и перспективы

Against the background of constant reduction of the time allocated for contact work with students in curricula, there are discussions on the necessity of teaching some disciplines in universities, and their list is constantly changing. In the current case, the current round of discussion is connected with the signing of the decree on the reform by the President of Russia V.V. Putin. Putin signed a decree on the reform of higher education. Now it is a pilot project, which will be tested in several universities for three years. It is about the transition of engineering training from bachelor's degree to specialization. The reform will require considerable efforts to develop new curricula, adjust the list of academic disciplines included in them. Simultaneously with the inclusion of modern disciplines into this list, the process of excluding obsolete and irrelevant disciplines is underway.
 
 According to the experience of the past years, disciplines of the general engineering cycle are constantly subjected to "reforms". In the case of technical specialties, descriptive geometry is a permanent outsider [8, 28]. The developers of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education (FSES HE), who announced a competency-based approach to the learning process and assessment of knowledge of university graduates, probably also hold the opinion that descriptive geometry is a "dying" discipline.
 
 The purpose of the authors of the article is an attempt to look at the problem not from the point of view of the age of descriptive geometry, but only guided by the frequency and efficiency of its methods in engineering practice and modeling of geometric objects of spaces of dimension 2+ and more.
 
 The set goal required the solution of several problems. One of them is to clarify the question of what exactly the reformers are trying to do. Is it to remove an academic discipline or a section of mathematics, which is, in fact, descriptive geometry, from the course of engineers' training? It is also necessary to find out for which specialties or directions the descriptive geometry course is superfluous or obsolete.

A New Perspective on Education in Secondary Vocational Education in the Aspect of Business-Oriented Direction

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of education in modern vocational education: realization of business-oriented management of studentsʼ education and its methodological support. The aim of the work is to consider the education in secondary vocational education from the theoretical and practical side in the aspect of business-oriented direction, to identify the characteristic features of methodological support of business education. Мethods. The research uses a set of empirical and theoretical methods, including the analysis of literary sources, analysis and synthesis, classification and systematization, theoretical modeling. Results. The article presents semantic accents of business-oriented direction of education, formulates the working concept of “business educationˮ. The activity of a teacher of a professional educational organization based on the solution of practical tasks related to the implementation of business-oriented direction of education of students of secondary vocational education is analyzed. The process of methodical support of teachers in the implementation of business education in accordance with strategic documents, legislation on education and federal state educational standards is described, the experience of organizational and methodical activity of Kamyshinsky Polytechnic College is presented. Conclusion. The authors characterized the didactic advantages and peculiarities of providing organizational and methodological support of business education. Effective forms of methodological support for the implementation of business education are proposed.

Factors and Conditions of Practical Training for Future Choreographer-Teachers

The article addresses the task emphasized in the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education in all areas of choreographer training, as well as in the professional standard “Teacher of Additional Education for Children and Adults” (Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, October 22, 2021), namely, the preparation of future specialists in choreography for teaching activities. The goal of the article is to draw attention to the factors that determine this process since pedagogical tasks are present in all types of professional activities for future choreographers. The study was conducted based on comparative, critical analysis, synthesis, generalization, and interpretation methods. Examination of regulatory documents, psychological-pedagogical scientific literature, and practice allowed us to identify factors that have the greatest influence on the practical training of future choreographers and categorize them based on their sources of impact as external and internal. External factors include: cultural-educational environment, interaction with teachers, and student community. Internal factors include: passion for the profession, creativity, self-development, self-education, and self-discipline. Based on these factors, conditions were identified and justified that can significantly improve this process. Such conditions include: enriching the pedagogical component in teaching special disciplines to choreography students; involving students in practice-oriented activities during internships; and using new technologies in teaching disciplines. In conclusion, it is stated that practical training for teaching activities of choreography students represents a process of complex factors influenced by the specifics of choreographic education and implemented through the theoretically substantiated pedagogical conditions discussed in the article.

Axiological approach as a factor of university curriculum language

In the modern educational space, the emphasis is on axiological approaches to the formation of the content of education as the most important aspect of personal development. This priority manifests in including various axiological vocabularies and value systems in the new federal state educational standards. However, despite the dissemination of such content, there is still no clear interpretation of the fundamental category of axiology, which underlies students' spiritual, moral and social development.The article critically examines the axiological principles that determine the organization of spiritual and moral development and education in the theory and practice of primary language education. Despite the abundance of value terminology and the diversity of value systems set out in educational standards, there remains a need for improved approaches to integrating these principles into language teaching. The article argues that adopting an axiological approach is necessary for the humanization of education and preserving national identity, culture and values within the framework of a renewed pedagogical parade. Slovak, Czech and English are also analyzed in the article as a factor of language reflection through the prism of forming a value view of the native language among students, which contributes to the formation of national identity of the individual and involves teaching languages as a national cultural value. The results of a diagnostic set of questions and tasks emphasizing linguistic and cultural aspects are presented. These elements serve to activate information in the student's mind about precedent phenomena, which are one of the manifestations of mentality.

Обучение рабочих и специалистов для горнодобывающей отрасли в аспекте безопасности труда

Labor safety in the mining industry is a set of measures aimed at improving the production environment that affects the health and operability of a person at work and the continuous professional development of employees. The objective assessment of safety of all stages of the production process is a crucial aspect of the enterprise’s activities. It is based on compliance with the requirements of regulatory authorities in the field of labor protection and industrial safety, occupational standards as characteristics of labor conditions, qualifications and professional competence of an employee, as well as compliance with the federal state educational standards as a basis of training of a specialist or a worker who are the main participants of the technological process in mining. The formation of professional competencies of each employee that ensure safe operation at the site or enterprise, the in-depth knowledge, development of operational algorithms, and the skill to perform technological operations at the workplace primarily depend on the basic education of employees obtained under the programs of secondary vocational education. The Federal State Educational Standards existing since 2013 became outdated and were gradually updated in 2022–2023. The training terms were normatively determined within the framework of the federal project «Professionalism» which aimed to resume close cooperation between educational organizations and enterprises. Educational organizations were enabled to increase the time to practice. The qualification of graduates under skilled worker training programs has become universal and does not specify the type of activity, whereas a new type of professional activity, namely ensuring the functioning of the occupational health and industrial safety management system at the site (or enterprise), was introduced for midlevel specialists. All this should ensure the future training of new personnel in compliance with the requirements of Federal Law of July 21, 1997 № 116–FZ «On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities» and the Russian Federation Government Decree of August 17, 2016 № 806 «On application of the risk-oriented approach in the organization of certain types of state control (supervision) and introducing amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation».

The Quality of Professional Education as a Legal Institution

Devoting the article to the quality of education, it should be noted that quality as an essential characteristic of any subject is found everywhere. In society, at the state-management and household levels, it is customary to talk about the quality of life, the quality of medicine, the quality of education, the quality of public services and management, etc. All social processes, all relations are considered today from the point of view of their quality. The quality of education has always been and will be the most relevant topic for research. High-quality education generates a highly moral person of society. This article analyzes the quality of vocational education as a legal institution, thanks to which the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to legislate the concept of quality of vocational education, defining it as a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of students, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements, as well as the needs of the state and society in represented by representatives of employers, expressed in the demand for graduates in the labor market.