Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Articles

Effect of hyperthermia on hematological parameters and productivity of laying hens

Studies were conducted in the period 2020-2021 based on the department of ecology and noncontagious pathology of animals of the Ural Veterinary Research Institute - a structural subdivision of FSBSI “UFARC UB RAS” (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”). Significant increases in ambient temperature in industrial poultry farming have natural and incidental effects on all processes in the living organism of birds, affecting their direction and intensity. We studied the use of feed additives containing dried live yeast of different variants and concentrations before and after heat stress on changes in the live body weight of laying hens, the importance of laid eggs, and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the blood leukocyte formula. The authors registered a significant increase in the concentration of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in birds of the control group - 18.1 and 25.5% during the period of heat stress, which indicated the beginning of a long adaptation process.Furthermore, the authors noted a significant increase in the ratio of the number of heterophils to lymphocytes (g/l) and in individuals of the control group by 44.2% (0.62 units), which confirmed the intensity of all processes in the body. During the study, the authors note that the total number of leukocytes increased against the background of a stress factor in the blood of laying hens of the control, 1st, and 2nd experimental groups - 1.4, 1.2, and 1.3 times, respectively. This increase occurs due to the release of immature heterophils into the bloodstream and the outflow of lymphocytes into peripheral tissues. The authors note the best stress resistance to 48-hour hyperthermia when using feed additives of hepatoprotective action in chickens of the 1st and 2nd groups reported the best stress resistance to 48-hour hyperthermia. This stress resistance is confirmed by regular physiological changes in the level of heterophils, basophils, monocytes, and G/L, characteristic of the period of urgent adaptation and maintenance of immune homeostasis.

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF CHICORY GRASS AND LEAF-EXTRACTED MEAL (<I>CICHORIUM INTYBUS</I> L.) IN THE FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS

Medicinal plants are a source of biologically active substances of various chemical natures. Based on the Federal state budgetary scientific institution All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (FSBSI RSRIMAR), the authors researched and developed a method for obtaining dry extracts from the herb and leaves of common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), intended for use as pharmaceutical substances of immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective action. The authors receive extracted meals when obtaining dry extracts at the extraction stage. This extracted meal is a waste that must be disposed of. However, after the extraction of the target compounds, mainly phenolic, other hydrophilic substances remain in the feed. In this regard, within the framework of the complex use of plant raw materials, our work aimed to study the implications of protein nature and total toxicity of the grass meal and chicory leaves to assess the possibility of its use in animal husbandry as a feed additive. As a result of the studies conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was found that the meal of grass and leaves of ordinary chicory contains residual amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids such as chicory, chlorogenic, caftaric, and coumarins are also absent. The content of the sum of phenolic compounds in the grass meal was 0,75±0,03, and the leaf meal - 0,65±0,03%. At the same time, we determined the content of total nitrogen, which is 3,39±0,10 and 2,14±0,06%, complete protein - 21,19±0,64 and 13,38±0,4, amine nitrogen - 0,26±0,01 and 0,24±0,01, the sum of amino acids - 0,38±0,01 and 0,35±0,01 respectively for grass meal and chicory leaves. The protein composition of meals identified 17 amino acids, 9 of which are essential for animals and integral to their complete diet. A study of the overall toxicity of the meal confirmed the safety of its use in animal feed. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using chicory grass and leaves meals as a means of enriching the diet of farm animals.

Studying varieties of winter durum wheat in interstation test on economic and valuable features

The purpose of the research was to identify sources of economically valuable traits of winter durum wheat for their further use in the breeding process. The material for the research was 53 varieties of winter durum wheat of various ecological origins: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy”, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko”, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center” (Russia) and Selective Genetic Institute (Ukraine). High frost resistance characterized the following varieties: Helios (90.9%), Bosphor (91.1%), Lakomka (92.2%), Terra (92.9%), Amazonka (93.0%), Aksinit (94.6 %), Cyprida (95.4%). The sources of early ripeness were varieties: Diona, Krucha, Donskoy yantar, Helios, Continent, etc., heading, which was noted from May 20 to 22; short stems: Kurant (77.4 cm), Diona (83.6 cm), Donskoy yantar (84.2 cm), Aqueduct (84.9 cm), Zhivitsa (84.6 cm), Continent (85.1 cm) , Laska (85.1 cm); coarse grains: Yakhont, Lakomka (40.3 g), Krucha (41.2 g), Belka (41.5 g), Siniora (41.6 g), Odari (43.0 g), Continent (43.2 g ), Bella (44.5 g), Bosphor (45.3 g); high productivity: Amazonka (8.86 t/ha), Yakhont (8.90 t/ha), Lakomka (9.60 t/ha), Donskoy yantar (8.87 t/ha), Krupinka (9.20 t / ha), Belka (9.21 t/ha), Siniora (9.24 t/ha), Gavan (9.28 t/ha), Citrina (9.65 t/ha), etc. Identified genotypes of valuable traits and properties can contribute to the implementation of breeding programs to create varieties of winter durum wheat.

Productivity and resistance to stress factors of winter wheat varieties bred by ARC “Donskoy”

The purpose of the research is to evaluate modern varieties of winter soft wheat bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy” (ARC “Donskoy”) in terms of yield, elements of its structure and resistance to bio and abiotic stress factors. On average, over the years of the study (2019–2021), the yield of winter soft wheat varieties bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ARC “Donskoy” for the predecessor maize for grain changed from 6.33 t/ha for the Don 107 standard to 7.23 t/ha for the new varieties Flagman. Reliable yield increases in all years of the study were formed by the following varieties: Volny Don (+0.61 t/ha; +0.70 t/ha; +0.39 t/ha), Region 161 (+0.67 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha) and Flagman (+0.57 t/ha, +0.99 t/ha; +1.14 t/ha). An analysis of the correlation relationships between the yield of winter soft wheat varieties with elements of its structure showed that productivity in the conditions of 2019–2021 the following indicators had the maximum influence: productive bushiness (r=0.27±0.15), weight of 1000 grains (r=0.32±0.14) and density of productive stems (r=0.45±0.10). High frost resistance was noted in such varieties as Zhavoronok (74.4%), Region 161 (84.2%) and Aksai (70.5%). According to the results of the correlation analysis of yield with resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, no significant relationships were found. This indicates the possibility of combining high productivity and resistance to the studied stress factors in one genotype.

Sorghum-Sudanese hybrid Dobrynya as a result of heterosis selection

Sorghum-Sudanese hybrids, due to the heterosis effect, have not only increased productivity, but also uniformity, increased vitality, as well as resistance to various diseases and stress factors in comparison with parental forms. The purpose of the work: to characterize the new hybrid Dobrynya, created as a result of heterosis selection, according to the main morphological, biological, economically valuable indicators. The studies were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy” (ARC “Donskoy”). The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary carbonate chernozem. The advantages of the hybrid include high foliage (13 leaves per plant) - 39-41% of the leaf mass of plants, good protrusion of the legs (30-35 cm), succulence, tillering, cold resistance. The duration of the period “sprouts-heading” on average for 2019-2022. was 55 days (mid-season), which is 5 days less than the standard. Sorghum-Sudanese hybrid Dobrynya is characterized by a high yield of green mass - 63 t/ha (in total for 2 cuttings) and dry matter - 13.0 t/ha, which is higher than the standard by 28.6 and 31.3%, respectively. -essentially. And in terms of the content of crude protein and the collection of digestible protein, it significantly exceeds it by 1.1% and 0.24 t/ha. According to the results of the assessment in natural conditions, Dobrynya is distinguished by high or practical resistance to loose smut and bacteriosis. The sorghum-Sudanese hybrid has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements since 2023 and is recommended for use for green fodder and silage in the Central Black Earth, North Caucasus and Lower Volga regions of Russia.

Primary or assortment identification of mineral waters. Research methods

Conduct an assortment identification of packaged mineral water of a well-known brand according to the information indicated on the label to confirm its compliance with the declared name. The work was carried out at VNIIPBiVP, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Food Systems named after V.I. V.M. Gorbatov» RAS (Moscow). As objects of study, industrially bottled mineral natural medicinal table waters «Essentuki No. 4» from different manufacturers, packaged in consumer packaging made of polyethylene terephthalate and glass, were chosen. Water quality and compliance with the labeling were assessed by organoleptic indicators (transparency, color, taste and smell), basic composition and mineralization. The indicators were determined according to approved methods registered in the prescribed manner. Examination of the labeling of the studied samples showed the compliance of the name and purpose of mineral water with the requirements of the technical regulations. A physicochemical and organoleptic analysis of the studied mineral water was carried out according to the identification indicators indicated in the labeling. Identifiable packaged mineral water according to the indicators indicated in the labeling meets the requirements for mineral natural drinking water «Essentuki No. 4».

Assessment of the resistance of strawberry varieties to major diseases in the south of Sakhalin

The article presents the main diseases of garden strawberries in the monsoon climate of the island. Sakhalin - gray rot and white spot. Observations were carried out from 2017 to 2020 in the experimental nursery of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Sakhalin Research Institute of Agriculture”. The purpose of the research was to assess the introduced varieties of garden strawberry for resistance to diseases with the selection of the most resistant varieties for its further introduction. The objects of study were 21 varieties of garden strawberry As a result of the research, varieties that are complexly resistant to white spot and gray rot were identified: Amulet, Deroyyal, El’santa. Deroyyal, El’santa, Figaro, Sal’sa, Tago. Varieties with resistance to white spot are distinguished: Tanyusha, Rumba, Evi, Amulet, Deroyyal, El’santa, Cheburashka. Varieties with weak, 1 point susceptibility to one of the diseases - Rumba, Evi, Cheburashka, Kleri, Podarok sud’by, Vima Zanta, Figaro, Tago, Sal’sa The most affected strawberry varieties to gray rot disease were noted in 2020. The most favorable for the development of white spot disease developed in 2018, 2020, associated with the temperature regime of the air in these years, where the sum of effective temperatures was 781 ° C and 830 ° C. and farms.

An in vitro anther culture method for creating rice dihaploids resistant to prolonged flooding

An assessment was made of the possibility of obtaining dihaploids by the method of anther culture in vitro to accelerate breeding for resistance to prolonged flooding of rice with water. The object of the study is F2 rice hybrids of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy” (ARC “Donskoy”) rice breeding and seed laboratory, obtained by crossing the best varieties in terms of economically valuable traits with samples carrying genes for resistance to prolonged flooding with water. Basic nutrient media with the optimal composition of nutrients and growth hormones that stimulate callus and morphogenesis were used. Cultivation of anthers revealed large genotypic differences between the samples. In terms of responsiveness to neoplasms, 1/3 of the number of plants showed a positive result, the rest did not give calli. The most responsive to the formation of calli were hybrid combinations: 5009/2 – 84 pcs., 5010/2 – 94 pcs., 4565/3 –85 pcs., 4641/2 – 69 pcs. They also showed the ability to morphogenesis. Androgenic plants were obtained from 13 hybrid combinations, their share was 1.03% of the total number of inoculated anthers. 30 green regenerated lines were obtained from four rice hybrids, differing in visual morphological assessment: 5009/2 – 5 pcs., 5010/2 – 5 pcs., 4565/3 – 2 pcs., 4641/2 – 18 pcs. The isolated lines are characterized by good responsiveness in anther culture in vitro, carry genes for resistance to prolonged flooding, and can be used in rice breeding programs using DG technologies.

Remote monitoring of chlorophyll content in soybean crops in the conditions of the Ryazan region

The article considers research on the supervision of soybean crops, conducted in 2021 on the fields of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies (a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM”). The purpose of the research is to analyze and collect data on the photosynthetic state (PSS) of soybean plants (using the chlorophyll content as an example) and their impact on yield and quality indicators. The object of research is the early ripe varieties Kasatka, Mageva, Georgiy and Svetlaya. The study used a DJI Phantom 4 pro quadcopter, ground-based scanning - an N-tester express diagnostic device. Monitoring was carried out in three stages: 1st stage - phase R5 (beginning of seed formation); 2nd stage - phase R6 (seed filling); 3rd stage - phase R7 (beginning of ripeness). It has been established that with the use of UAV aerial photography, a reproducible picture of the spatial distribution of the ClGreen chlorophyll index is achieved, which is highly consistent with the results of ground-based scanning. It was revealed that varieties Kasatka, Mageva and Georgiya gradually reduce the chlorophyll content, starting from the R6 phase (with an average chlorophyll content of 511-588 units of the device) to the R7 phase, the chlorophyll content decreases by 44.8-56.1% (comprising 258 - 282 units of the device). A close positive relationship (r=+0.893) with the state of chlorophyll in the R6 phase with yield was established, an average (r=+0.597) - with oil content; significant negative relationship (r=-0.728) with protein content. Thus, when monitoring the UAV and the obtained ground information on the content of chlorophyll in the soybean seed filling phase (R6), it is possible to obtain predictable data on the yield and quality indicators of the future crop in advance.

Thesaurus as a source of normalized branch scientific vocabulary

The results of scientific work for updating of the polythematic Information and Search Thesaurus on Agriculture and Foods (IST) developed in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Central Scientific Agricultural Library» (FSNSI CSAL) are presented. The work is carried out to accurately represent the content of documents in the process of indexing, providing the unified data presentation, adequately describing subject domains and increasing the searching possibilities of the thesaurus. The
 main functions of the IST, which is a complex terminological
 system with different kinds of semantic relationships between its elements (lexical units (LU)), are considered. The role of the IST as a branch reference of scientific vocabulary is particularly noted. During the investigation the IST content has been essentially enriched with new lexis in the following subject domains: plant protection, zoology, microbiology, botany, forest husbandry, agronomy The result of the research work on updating is a new version of the IST containing 62682 LU. More than 27 600 LU are scientific (Latin) names of organisms (of which 1 782 are new). In total, nearly 2 700 LU have been corrected (added, changed,
 deleted). More than 2 800 links between terms (hierarchic,
 synonymic and associative) have been added. The updated
 version of the thesaurus, which includes new terminology,
 enables adequate description of the subject areas, accurate
 disclosure of the content of a document during its scientific
 processing. It is an effective tool for indexing and thematic
 search. The creation and development of IST of the FSNSI CSAL is in line with the current level of thesaurus development. The scope of the IST, the development of its vocabulary items and the semantic relationships of the terms represented in it make it possible to describe the subject areas related to agriculture, the food industry and related disciplines quite comprehensively.

IMPACT OF PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION ON BIOLOGICAL YIELD AND STRUCTURE OF THE WINTER WHEAT HARVEST UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK SOIL REGION

One of the leading factors of intensification of cultivation processes of agricultural products is crop rotation. Mineral fertilizers are also an essential element of farming systems. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of these two factors and their combinations on biological yield and structure of winter wheat harvest. The studies were carried out in 2019-2021 on stationary field experiment of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in Medvenskiy district of Kursk region. The soil is typical heavy loamy black soil. Winter wheat was cultivated in 3 crop rotations, where the forecrops were black fallow, green manure fallow (peas) and sown fallow (horse beans). The scheme of the experiment included for 4 levels of fertilization: without fertilizers, N60P60K60, N80P80K80, N100P100K100 kg a.i. per 1 ha. Black fallow showed the highest biological yield on high background of fertilization, as for medium and low fertilization, and also without fertilizers - on green manure. Increase of doses of mineral fertilizers provided a yieldincrease. Total and productive bushiness of winter wheat was higher in combination with green manure fallow, and the weight of 1000 grains and the number of grains in the wheat head of the main stem were higher in case of black fallow. The harvest structure parameters were lower in crop rotationthan in the other two rotations. A tendency ofparameter increase of the harvest structure was revealed: total and productive bushiness, weight of 1000 grains, the number of grains in the wheat head of the main stem in case of fertilizationlevelincrease. A close positive relationship was established between the biological yield of the crop and the total (r = 0.958) and productive (r = 0.956) bushiness, as well as the number of grains in the wheat head of the main stem (r = 0.911).

Study of the collection sesame samples in the Rostov region

From 2018 to 2020, there was studied a collection of sesame varieties of various ecological and geographical origin at the Don Experimental Station, a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Center VNIIMK. The research was carried out within the framework of State assignment No. 0684-2019-0013 ‘Development of new source material and identifying varieties and hybrids of oilseeds: sunflower, mustard, flax. Preservation of the gene pool of the main oilseeds’. The purpose of the current research was to study the morphobiological characteristics of sesame samples of various ecological and geographical origin, to study the growth and development of light- and dark-seeded groups, to identify samples with positive economically valuable traits. The color of sesame seeds is associated with their biochemical functions involved in protein and oil metabolism, as well as with the content of antioxidants (Chengqi et al., 2021). Studying collection samples by a set of traits, it is necessary to identify the most promising ones (Bashlakova, Sintsova, 2021). They must have high productivity, resistance to unfavorable conditions of the cultivation region. It is necessary to pay attention to a length of a vegetation period, a shape, location and capsules’ cracking. (Kalitskaya, Sinegovskaya et al., 2021). The current paper has presented the study results of sesame varieties from the VIR collection. There has been presented a comparative characteristic of light- and dark-seeded groups. There have been described the differences in the main economically valuable traits, phenological phases, and fatty acid composition. There has been established a range of variation between groups with different vegetation periods, fatty acid composition and other economically valuable traits. Phenological observations have shown that the range of variation in a vegetation period and plant height in the dark-seeded group was wider than in light-seeded samples. Productivity of the light-seeded group was 0.56–0.62 t/ha, which was 0.13–0.24 t/ha higher than the dark-seeded samples with 0.32–0.49 t/ha. The range of variation within the groups was 0.16 t/ha for light-seeded and 0.17 t/ha for dark-seeded samples. The oil content in the light-seeded group is also higher than the samples with dark seeds on 0.8–1.2 %, the variation range within the light-seeded group was 2.9 % and 2.5 % within the dark-seeded group. 1000-seed weight was practically at the same level between the groups and amounted to 2.9–3.0 g for light-seeded samples and 2.9–3.1 g for dark-seeded samples.

Assessment of insect biodiversity on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) using LED traps

Recently, there has been interest from the scientific community and agricultural producers in finding means of attracting insects using LED-based light traps. The purpose of these studies is to assess the biodiversity of tomato agrocenoses in open and protected ground, to identify the most massive taxa present in agrocenoses using light traps. The studies were carried out in the period from 15 July to 21 July 2021 on tomato in the experimental production plots of the tomato farmer Erokhin E.A. and in the greenhouses of the farmer Tyrtychny S. A. (the village of Strelka, Temryuk district) in the northwestern zone Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation. Studies carried out using light traps designed by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection» (FRCBPP) made it possible to identify the species diversity of arthropods in tomato agrocenosis, to obtain the dynamics of the number of harmful, beneficial and indifferent entomofauna. Representatives of the following orders dominated in number on the open ground: Coleoptera (68–82%), Hemiptera (15–26%) and Diptera (2–6%), while in the greenhouse there were Lepidoptera (39–61%), Diptera (10 –18%) and Coleoptera (10–40%). Representatives of the Lepidoptera families - Cossidae, Noctuidae, Pyraustidae and Crambidae, and the Coleoptera families - Carabidae, Cerambycidae, Coccinellidae, Dytiscidae, Elateridae, Geotrupidae, Heteroceridae, Hydrophylidae, Scarabaeidae were attracted in open ground as well as in the greenhouse.

Fish-breeding and biological characteristics of pure species and hybrids of Siberian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon in commercial breeding in an industrial fishery

The study compares commercial breeding of Siberian sturgeon, Russian sturgeon, and their hybrids in a flow-through industrial farm. The research was carried out at the Konakovo Division of the Branch for Freshwater Fisheries of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography” (VNIIPRKH) from 2019 to 2021. Throughout the breeding period, the average water temperature was 16.3 °C, and the thermal constant was 16,195 degree days. The comparison of fish-breeding and biological characteristics of pure species and hybrids of Siberian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon under similar conditions revealed that Siberian sturgeon × Russian sturgeon (SS×RS) and Russian sturgeon × Siberian sturgeon (RS×SS) hybrids had the highest body weight, while Russian sturgeon (RS) and Siberian sturgeon (SS) had the lowest body weight. The average weight gain coefficient in experimental groups of sturgeons varied insignificantly during different breeding periods and was nearly similar at the end of breeding. The paper presents the results of nutritional value evaluation and determination of the weight ratio of individual body parts in the studied fish species. The study of gametogenesis in Siberian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon pure species and hybrids provides insight into the natural development of germ cells depending on water temperature. The onset of puberty in pure species and heir hybrids is noted at the age of three years (1024 days), and spermatogenesis takes place in cysts of males. Gonad maturity is characterized as stage IV–VI, with overmature sperm resorption. The analysis revealed similarity in germ cell development, confirming the seasonal cycle in sturgeon spermatogenesis. Female Siberian sturgeons and SS×RS hybrid have normal germ cell development, whereas Russian sturgeons and RS×SS hybrid have delayed gonad development.

Increasing the bioproductivity of Ammi majus L. with the use of growth regulators and microfertilizers

It is possible to optimize the bioproductive process by adjusting the hormonal status of the plant organism. In this regard, in the development of advanced growing technologies in medicinal plant growing, much attention is paid to the use of natural bioregulators for the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with various active substances. The development of an effective system for the use of growth regulators and microfertilizers is an important link in resource-saving technologies for medicinal crops, since they are environmentally safe, harmless and highly effective at low consumption rates of biologically active substances of polyfunctional action. In 2020-2021, in the Middle Volga branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution VILAR, an experiment was conducted to study the effect,of growth regulators and micronutrient fertilizers on the growth, development, increasing the yield of Ammi majus L. fruits. For two years of research, Albit showed the best results in the use of raw material areas, the average yield of Ammi majus L. fruits was 819 kg/ha, which is 162 kg/ha more than the control variant.

УСИЛЕНИЕ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО СТРЕССА, УРОВНЯ АПОПТОЗА И ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ В УРОВНЕ ЭКСПРЕССИИ ГЕННОВ BCL И BAX У ДЕТЕЙ С ТЯЖЕЛОЙ ФОРМОЙ РАС

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of psychiatric disorders most commonly seen in children. Patients with ASD are characterized by cognitive, behavioral, communicative deficits and obsessive stereotypical behavior. At that moment, the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD is one of the most important problems in child psychiatry. Patients with ASD are characterized by increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of oxidative stress in patients with ASD in enhancing the level of apoptosis. The clinical group consisted of 133 children with ASD (DSM-5), 
 4-12 years old, who were followed up by the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution National Center for Health Care. Children with ASD were divided into two subgroups according to the severity of the course of the disease, according to CARS scores. The control group included 27 healthy children. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood by centrifugation in a ficoll-urographin gradient. The level of gene expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with ASD and healthy controls was assessed by quantitative determination of the mRNA level by real-time PCR and by the level of protein in cells, flow cytometry. cytofluorometry. In the lymphocytes of children from the subgroup with mild and moderate forms of ASD, the level of ROS was increased, but the level of significance was not reached, while in the lymphocytes of children with severe ASD, the level of ROS was 2.2-2.5 times higher than in children of the control group. groups (p<0.01). The level of expression of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 in lymphocytes of children with severe ASD was reduced by 2-2.5 times (p<0.01), and the level of expression of the pro-apoptotic BAX gene was increased by 1.8-2.3 (p<0.01) times higher compared to the control. This may indicate an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis in patients with severe ASD.

Results of the first year of sturgeon hybrid breeding in an industrial fishery

The paper presents the results of rearing hybrid breeding (Siberian sturgeon × beluga sturgeon (SS×BS), Russian sturgeon × beluga sturgeon (RS×BS), and Russian sturgeon × kaluga sturgeon (RS×KS)) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and flow-through tanks at the Konakovo Division of the Branch for Freshwater Fisheries of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography” (VNIIPRKH). The productive and biological characteristics of the arental sturgeon species used to obtain hybrids are discussed. The Siberian sturgeon × beluga sturgeon hybrids produced the most viable. The first stage of breeding in a RAS revealed that juvenile RS×BS and SS×KS hybrids had the best weight gain coefficient, with an average water temperature in rearing tanks of 16.9 °С. During the second stage of rearing in flow-through tanks, hydrological and hydrochemical conditions were generally similar for all intergeneric hybrids. This allowed us to compare the productive and biological characteristics. During the rearing period of 206 days in flow-through tanks, at an average water temperature of 19.5 °С and thermal constant of 3,519.2 degree days, SS×BS hybrid had the best weight gain coefficient and, consequently, the best average body weight (329 g). However, its survival rate was the lowest (48.8%). RS×BS hybrid showed intermediate results for the average body weight (249 g) and survival (72.3%). RS×KS hybrid showed the lowest growth and average body weight (190 g), but the highest survival rate (81.0%). It was discovered that the temperature conditions in flow-through tanks are quite favorable for sturgeon breeding during the summer. Thus, seeding for sturgeon hybrids can be carried out not only in a RAS, but also in flow-through tanks.

Comparative analysis of winter barley varieties according to productivity, its components and grain quality in the Rostov region

Among the grain forage crops in the Russian Federation, barley ranks first in terms of multi-use and gross yields. However, the current level of grain production of this crop does not fully meet the needs of the livestock and food industries. Winter barley varieties are currently approved for use in the North Caucasus, Middle Volga and Nizhnevolsk regions of the Russian Federation, where its yield is 1.5–2 times higher than that of spring barley. According to the trait ‘productivity’ barley varieties of various breeding institutions have quite significant fluctuations in the regions of their cultivation, and therefore inter-station tests are carried out to determine their response. The best ones are further used in various breeding projects. The purpose of the current paper was to analyze the trait ‘productivity’ and its components and grain quality among present local and foreign winter barley varieties, in order to use the identified ones in crossings parental forms. The monitoring of varieties was carried out on the experimental plot of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “ARC «Donskoy” (2017–2019). The subjects of the study were winter barley varieties (29 samples) of local and foreign origin. Based on the results of a system analysis, there has been identified a number of varieties that have the necessary combinations of traits important for breeding, such as:– high productivity (the multi-row varieties ‘Marusya’, ‘Vivat’, ‘Foks 1’, ‘Erema’, ‘Artel’, ‘Dostoyny’ (Russia), ‘KWS-Scala’ (Germany), ‘Capten’ (France));– coarse-grained (the multi-row lines ‘KWS-117’, ‘KWS-234’, ‘KWS-History’ (Germany) and the two-row varieties ‘Explorer 3’, ‘Explorer 4’, ‘Explorer 5’, ‘Explorer 7’, ‘Explorer 3/2’, ‘Explorer 4/2’, ‘Bronskyli’ (France) with more than 50 g);– head density per 1 m2 when harvesting (the two-row varieties ‘KWS-History’ with 704 pcs/m2, ‘KWS-117’ with 710 pcs/m2 (Germany), ‘Explorer 8’ with 739 pcs/m2, ‘Explorer 3/2’ with 759 pieces/m2, ‘Wintwalt’ with 847 pieces/m2 (France));– number of grains per head (the multi-row varieties ‘Marusya’ with 57.9 pcs, ‘Andryusha’ with 55.8 pcs (Russia), ‘Capten’ with 55.6 pcs (France) and two-row varieties ‘Explorer 3’ with 26.0 pcs., ‘Explorer 5’ with 25.9 pcs., ‘Bronskyli’ with 25.8 pcs (France);– stable protein percentage in grain less than 11 % (the two-row varieties ‘KWS-History’ with 10.3 %, ‘KWS-234’ with 10.7 % (Germany) and ‘Explorer 3/2’ with 10.3 % (France).

Recommended resistant grape variety Traminette for quality winemaking

Тhe purpose of the variety study of the introduced white wine grape variety Traminette, originate at Cornell University, New York, USA in 1965, was to analyze the feasibility of its cultivation in the conditions of the northern zone of the industrial viticulture of the Russian Federation, for which the next objective were set: study in concrete soil and climatic conditions agrobiological and economically valuable characteristic and properties of the Traminette variety, such as yield, plasticity, resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, as well as assess the quality of the resulting dry wine. To facilitate the identification of this variety, we made an ampelographic description according to the leading features. Тhe study was carried out in 2019-2021 according to the methods generally accepted in viticulture and winemaking in the grafted nursery of the Novocherkassk Experimental Field of the All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya.I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «FRARC» (Novocherkassk, Rostov Region). Тhe plantations are non-covered, non-irrigated, grafted, obtained by green grafting on the planted rootstock Oppenheim CO-4, planting scheme 3×1.5 m, medium-bole bush fan-shaped, medium pruning (4-6 buds left on the spoor). Тhe technology of cultivation of vineyards is standard and generally accepted. Тhe white wine variety Traminette of early-medium terms of grape ripeness, according to the variety study in the conditions of Novocherkassk, demonstrated winter hardiness sufficient for non-covering vineyards (the average long-term percentage of bud break is 79.8 %), high yield (10.2 t/ha), and increased resistance to fungal diseases (powdery mildew, downy mildew – 3.0, botrytis 1.5), excellent points for assessing dry wine material (8.7). All this makes the Traminette variety promising for use in industrial production in non-covering culture, with a decrease in the number of sprays compared to classical varieties, to obtain high quality wines.

RICE GRAIN DARK SPOTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON QUALITY ASSOCIATED TRAITS

Rice grain damage due to dark spots was noted more than 10 years ago in Russia. However, this phenomenon has long existed in other rice-growing countries. The factor limiting high rice yields are insect pests and pathogenic microorganisms, the vital activity of which leads to the occurrence of dark spots on the grain shells. This study hopes to assess the effects of dark spots on rice grains of six rice cultivars bred in Russia, i.e., Rapan, Khazar, Romans, Favorit, Trio, and Prestige. The study was carried out in 2020–2021 at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Krasnodar, Russia. With an increase in the content of damaged grains from 5% to 10% and 20%, the mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains, vitreosity, and head rice content decrease, the filminess increased, and the content of damaged grains negatively affecting the quality traits of rice grains. If the content of damaged grains is up to 5%, grain quality decreases giving no impact of the parameter. The need to predict rice grain yield and quality based on grain damage intensity caused by dark spots ensures the profitability of growing various cultivars in rice production.