Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Articles

Технологический потенциал зернобобовых культур

In the arid conditions of the Russian Federation, an additional source of replenishing protein and improving the quality of the food base can be: grasspea, lentil, chickpea. The article presents the results of the assessment of the nutritional qualities of varieties of grasspeas and lentils of the selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK "Rossorgo". The organoleptic characteristics of cereals and flour from grasspea and lentil seeds were revealed. Indicators of technological properties of cereals (cooking time, digestibility and water absorption coefficients) have been obtained. It has been determined that the least amount of time is spent on boiling lentil groats (39-76 min.). For the full-fledged cooking of grasspeas and chickpeas, it took more time (71-125 minutes and 88-150 minutes, respectively). The values of the coefficient of digestibility indicate that cereals with a large coefficient of digestibility, in comparison, give more end products. The study showed that most varieties of grasspeas, lentils and chickpeas can be directly used for food purposes. Keywords: GRASSPEA, LENTILS, CHICKPEAS, GROATS, BOILABILITY, COEFFICIENT

Productivity and quality of winter wheat grain in crop rotations with different types of fallow and at different levels of fertilization

The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of various winter wheat forecrops (weedfree fallow, green fallow, sown fallow) and fertilization levels (control without fertilizers, NPK–60 kg.a.i./ha, NPK–80 kg.a.i./ha, NPK–100 kg.a.i./ha) on productivity and quality of winter wheat grain. The study was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Kursk FARC” in 2018–2020. There has been established that the large-sized grain was grown in a crop rotation with a sown fallow. There has been established that with an increase of mineral fertilizers’ doses, the differences between crop rotations raised. In the crop rotation with sown fallow, grain evenness was also higher, by 0.3 and 0.5 % more than in crop rotations with green manure and weedfree fallow. There has been found that regardless of the crop rotation, with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers, grain evenness increased. There has been determined that the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ was the highest when it was sown in green fallow with 48.4 g of NPK–100 kg.a.i./ha, which was due to the improvement of the nutrient regime of the soil with the introduction of green manure. There has been determined that when growing wheat in green fallow in the variant without fertilizers, crude gluten in the flour was 2.3 and 2.5 % more than in sown and weedfree fallow. This pattern was also preserved on fertilized backgrounds. The indicator of gluten percentage in flour increased with the growth of fertilizer. There has been found that crop rotation with weedfree fallow was the best in terms of gluten elasticity. Winter wheat productivity at NPK–60 kg.a.i./ha and NPK–100 kg.a.i./ha was higher when sown in weedfree fallow, and on unfertilized control and at NPK–80 kg.a.i. / ha when sown in green fallow. There has been noted that there is a significant improvement in crop productivity, for example, from 4.39 to 6.19 t/ha in crop rotation with weedfree fallow, with an increase in fertilizer application rates.

Retrospective of barley breeding in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”

The current paper has presented a historical excursion and an overview of scientific research on breeding and seed production of winter and spring barley in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The Southern Federal District includes 8 subjects of the Russian Federation, namely Sevastopol; republics of Adygea, Kalmykia, Crimea; Krasnodar Territory, Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions. Barley is the main grain forage crop in terms of sown area. Don farmers have long shown interest in this valuable, diverse crop, very unpretentious to the cultivation conditions. Barley breeding work began in our institution in 1932 and is still ongoing, with short interruptions, to the present. Research was carried out in various areas: breeding of winter, spring and facultative barley, seed production and technology of their cultivation. In the XXI-st century, the researchers of the barley department developed new innovative directions in barley breeding, there were developed two-row brewing varieties with high malting rates (the variety ‘Randevu’) in winter barley breeding and in spring barley breeding there were developed fodder barley (green fodder) varieties (the variety ‘Novik’), which were previously absent in the State List of the Russian Federation. In 2014 there were opened new directions in the department, namely the development of hulles spring barley varieties and awnless winter barley varieties. Since 2016, there has been carried out an active work to identify winter barley lines that are genetically resistant to net blotch. Together with the All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, there was carried out an estimation of the radiosensitivity of winter and spring barley varieties to identify varieties being resistant to the environmental stress factors. Based on research materials, there were successfully defended 11 candidate and two doctoral dissertations, there were published eight monographs and more than 400 scientific articles.

Зимостойкий сорт озимой пшеницы Изаура для сложных климатических условий Уральского региона

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to present the result of the breeding work of the wheat breeding laboratory of the Kurgan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” – a new variety of winter wheat Izaura and to give its economic and biological characteristics. The variety was created by the method of multiple individual-familial selection from a hybrid population of K-85 (a population of hardy forms) / Kurganskaya ozimaya. According to the results of the competitive variety testing, the yield of the variety in 2017 was 4.65 t/ha (+0.29 t/ha to the Omsk winter standard), in the conditions of drought of 2020–2021, 1.10 t/ha (+0.42 t/ha). The maximum yield was obtained in the Orenburg region of 58 kg/ha (2020). When creating a new variety, the task of increasing yields was solved due to higher winter hardiness, resistance to brown rust, powdery mildew and improving baking properties. The advantage of the variety: increased winter hardiness, frost resistance, friendly spring regrowth, resistance to the return of spring cold, high yield and grain quality. During the years of research, the variety was slightly affected by diseases that are widespread in the conditions of the forest–steppe of the Trans-Urals: brown rust – 11 %, powdery mildew – 0.5 points, septoria 0–0.1 %. In terms of grain quality, the new variety is a valuable wheat. The nature was 751 g/l, vitreous – 50 %, protein content in grain – 17.5 %, gluten content in flour – 35.3 % of the second group, flour strength – 367 e. a., bread volume yield – 848 cm3, overall bread score – 3.3 points. Resistant to germination and shedding of grain on the root. The variety is intended for zonal cultivation technology in pairs. According to the results of the state variety testing, since 2022, the Izaura variety has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the Ural (9) and West Siberian (10) regions, where increases amounted to 0.25 and 0.45 t/ha, respectively. Scientific novelty. A new variety of winter soft wheat has been created, which has advantages over common varieties in the Ural region, in terms of resistance to brown rust, powdery mildew and has increased winter hardiness.

Сравнительный анализ эффективности препаратов ранибизумаб и афлиберцепт

Summary. Intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF drugs is currently the main method of treatment for all types of exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (eAMD). However, most studies did not divide patients. Currently, there are two drugs with a long clinical history of use in Russia for the treatment of neovascular AMD, these are ranibizumab and aflibercept. Data regarding the binding affinity of ranibizumab and aflibercept to VEGF have been inconsistent in in vitro studies. To analyze the effectiveness of aflibercept and ranibizumab in real clinical practice over a three-year follow-up period. Material and methods. The clinical material of the study was the data of examination and treatment of 344 patients (344 eyes) aged 50 to 87 years with a diagnosis of exudative form of age-related macular degeneration on the basis of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “NIIGB. Results. During the first treatment, the difference between groups in BCVA (0.51 ± 0.25 for both groups) and CRT (403.3 ± 115.9 for ranibizumab and 364.2 ± 119.6 for aflibercept) during the first year was not noted (p > 0.05). During the third year of observation and treatment in both groups, the same number of IVIs was produced – 3.5. BCVA in the aflibercept group was 0.53 ± 0.30, in the ranibizumab group it was 0.41 ± 0.30 (p < 0.05). In our opinion, the main factor in the stabilization of visual functions in the aflibercept group is more thorough “disease control», while in the ranibizumab group, with a comparable number of injections, visual acuity was lower by the end of the 3rd year of observation, which we attribute to the negative effect of persistent edema, leading to to death of retinal cells. Keywords: age related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF therapy, aflibercept, ranibizumab

Influence of plant density on productivity and quality indicators of sunflower oilseeds

In the agricultural technology of sunflower cultivation, plant density in crops is one of the main conditions that determine its further productivity [5]. The optimal sowing density of sunflower can vary widely and depend on various factors, such as the varietal characteristics of plant, the soil-climatic zone of its cultivation, specific weather conditions and, above all, the moisture supply of plants, especially in the critical phases of sunflower development (flowering and grain filling) [ 8]. It has been proved that the optimal plant density in sunflower crops is such that not only normal growth processes and development of each plant are ensured, but the maximum possible productivity per unit of sown area is also formed. In this regard, in 2018–2020, in the flat zone on the leached chernozems of LLC «Zarya» of the Shovgenovsky district of the Republic of Adygea, studies were carried out (according to B.A. Dospekhov «Methodology of field experience») in order to study the reaction of new promising sunflower hybrids (Gorstar, Natali, Iren, selection of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «FSC «VNIIMK named after V.S. Pustovoit», Krasnodar) to change the number of plants per hectare. As a result of the research, the degree of influence of the studied factor on the formation of productive qualities of the studied sunflower hybrids has been established– the diameter of the anthode, the number of oil seeds in it, the mass of achenes from one anthode, the weight of 1000 achenes, the fulfillment of achenes, seed yield, total collection of oil from one hectare area). The studies have shown that the maximum seed yield has been achieved in the hybrids Gorstar and Iren, formed on the second variant (50 thousand pieces/ha). In the Natalie hybrid, the maximum yield was recorded in the variant with a plant density of 60 thousand pieces/ha. From this, it should be noted that with the option of 50 thousand pieces/ha, the Natali hybrid turned out to be 0.62–0.61 t/ha less productive than the Gorstar hybrid and 0.52–0.56 t/ha than the Irene hybrid.The studies were carried out on the equipment of the «Expert» Common Use Center of FSBEI HE «MSTU».

Agrobiological features of technical grape varieties selected by FSBSI All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the climatic conditions of the South of Dagestan

Relevance. The introduction of new genotypes and varieties with adaptive and valuable economic and technological characteristics remains one of the most effective ways to expand viticulture, form, improve and enrich the biodiversity of industrial assortment in the current climate change conditions. The introduction of new introduced grape varieties with group resistance makes it possible to eliminate numerous treatments of plantations with pesticides and to obtain environmentally friendly, competitive products. The purpose of the work is to determine the adaptive potential and evaluate the productivity of introduced grape varieties of the Magarach Institute selection in Dagestan to expand the assortment and improve the conveyor of technical grape varieties.Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the ampelographic collection of the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking». The objects of study were introduced technical grape varieties of All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» of the Russian Academy of Sciences selection Antey Magarachsky, Рodarok Magaracha, Рervenets Magarach, as well as Rkatsiteli (control) and Saperavi (control). Grape culture is indigenous, irrigated, planted in 2003. The shape of the bushes is high-stemmed, double-shouldered cordon of Cazenava. Planting scheme of grape varieties — 3.5 x 2.0 m.Results. In the course of our research, we found that in the conditions of southern Dagestan, in terms of the complex of agrobiological and economically valuable characteristics, the grape varieties of t he FSBSI AllRussian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» of the Russian Academy of Sciences selection, Antey Magarachsky, the Pervenets Magaracha, the Podarok Magaracha when cultivated in the root culture, are not inferior, and in a number of indicators significantly exceed the control varieties of Rkatsiteli and Saperavi. The studied varieties also have resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors and a complex of adaptively significant features necessary for the formation of ecological and biologized viticulture systems in various soil and climatic conditions (microzones) of the Republic of Dagestan, which indicates the possibility and expediency of their effective cultivation in industrial plantings of the Republic of Dagestan in the root culture and, especially, is relevant in the changing climate conditions of the south of Russia.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS TRANSFORM DURING THE RIPENING STAGES IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

Currently, the selection of tomatoes with a high content of biologically active substances and antioxidant properties at the large green and breaker stage is relevant since mature tomatoes cannot tolerate storage and transportation. For this purpose, 11 tomato genotypes, chosen in a preliminary study in 2018–2020 from the Genetic Collection of Plant Resources of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), Moscow, Russia, and Tomato Genetics Resource Center (TGRC), the University of California, Davis, USA, for further studies during 2020–2022 for antioxidant pool changes: measuring the contents of chlorophyll, lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, and lutein. The experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design proceeded in the film unheated greenhouses. The results showed five promising tomato genotypes, i.e., VFN Hi Sugar, VS-420, Paul Robeson, Black Cherry, and VS-410. The genotype Black Cherry fruits with breaker ripeness contained 42% lycopene and 93% β-carotene, while the genotype Paul Robeson at the same stage contained 80% β-carotene. The three other tomato genotypes, viz., VFN Hi Sugar, VS-420, and Paul Robeson, also gave a higher content of ascorbic acid in the fruits at the breaker ripening stage.

Gametogenesis in two-year-old Siberian sturgeon hybrids in industrial fish farming

The paper presents a comparison of gonad development of two-yearold Siberian sturgeon × Amur sturgeon interspecific hybrid and Siberian sturgeon × Kaluga fish interspecific hybrid bred using a combination technology with a twoyear cycle in a recirculating aquaculture system of the Experimental Selection and Breeding Farm “Yakot” and in flow-through tanks at the Konakovo Division of the Branch for Freshwater Fisheries of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography” (VNIIPRKH). To determine the synchronism of gonad development, a histological analysis of cranial, medial, and caudal portions of the testes and ovaries was performed at the end of breeding, with a thermal constant of 12,217 degree days. The study of gametogenesis in SS×KF and SS×AS hybrids showed that gonad maturity in the two-yearold hybrids corresponded to early maturity stage II. An examination of germ cell development in the left and right gonads during the early stages of gametogenesis revealed a similar pattern. The hybrids showed normal gonad development early in maturity. In females, the main parameter is cytological sex determination: the presence of zygotene oocytes and single-layer follicle basophilic oocytes. In males, secondary sperm cell multiplication occurs in the forming cysts. Early spermatogenic wave is observed in some cases, which suggests normal germ cell development in the studied hybrids. The studies show normal reproductive system development in females and males of the studied SS×KF and SS×AS hybrids at the age of two years.

Productivity and morphometric parameters of <em>Myrrhis odorata</em> (L.) Scop. seeds in the conditions of the Moscow region

The research was carried out in 2018 – 2022 at the Experimental Production Farm “Bykovo” AllRussian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the FSBSI “FSCVG” (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing”). The pilot site is located in the Ramenskoye district of the Moscow Region in the floodplain of the Moscow River. The object was Myrris scented, a representative of the Umbrella family (Umbelliferae). The genus Myrrhis includes the single species Myrrhis odorata (L.) SCOP. The Myrrhis plantation was laid out in 2009. The plot size is 8 m2, on which 20 plants are located at the rate of 2.5 pcs. / m2. Care consisted of loosening, manual weeding and 1-2 watering. Fruit harvesting was carried out at the onset of the first frost. The seeds were harvested by hand and matured 1.5 – 2 months after harvesting. The seed length (using a calliper), endosperm and embryo (using a microscope and a video eyepiece) were measured in four repetitions of 30 seeds each. The indices IE/S (Embryo/Seed), IE/E (Embryo /Endosperm) and IE/S (Endosperm/Seed) were calculated, showing the ratios of these indicators. Embryo/seed, Embryo /endosperm, and Endosperm/seed Depending on the year, the seed productivity was 13.6 – 27.3 g/plant, and the estimated yield was 339.1 – 682.0 kg/hectare. The seeds of Myrris scented had a fairly large size (16.75 - 22.23 mm) but contained a tiny embryo (1.24 - 1.99 mm), which was only 6-11% of the seed length and 7-13% of the endosperm. In comparison with other representatives of the umbrella family, Myrris scented has one of the lowest values of the index IE/E (Embryo /Endosperm). According to this indicator, its seeds should be attributed to the last fifth class. It is a tiny embryo that is one of the reasons for the phenomenon of rest inherent in the sources of myrrh scented. Furthermore, the seeds have a large percentage (10.0 – 73.3) of the phenomenon of germ-free, one of the causes of which is damage to the striped shield (Graphosoma lineatum L.).

Features of damage to the conductive structures of the nervous system in patients with vibration disease, burdened with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome

Introduction. Of interest are the processes developing in vibration disease (VD) in combination with metabolic syndrome (MS) or diabetes mellitus (DM), combined forms of diseases worsen their course and prognosis.
 The study aims to assess the features of the state of central afferent conductive structures and peripheral nerves in patients with vibration disease, burdened with diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome.
 Materials and methods. The scientists have examined 155 workers with VD — group one with an established diagnosis of VD (86 people); group two — with VD combined with DM (30 people); group three — with VD burdened with MS (39 people). The authors have conducted the electroneuromyographic examination and registration of somatosensory evoked potentials, with stimulation of the median nerve in the wrist. Abduction points — Erb point, cervical spinal cord, from the scalp of the projection area of the precentral gyrus. The researchers have applied multivariate discriminant analysis from the STATISTICA — version 6 application software package of StatSoft Inc (USA).
 Results. With VD complicated by MS, changes were in the distal part of the motor axons, with VD burdened with DM, the amplitude of the motor component of the median and tibial nerves decreased, the speed of the pulse in the proximal part of the median nerve. Somatosensory evoked potentials in VD in combination with MS revealed an increase in latency of N13 and N20. The duration of N13-N18, N13-N20, latency N18, N20, N30 increased in the case of WB, burdened with DM.
 Limitations. The limitation of the study is the use of unrelated samples for statistical analysis. The study of the state of central and peripheral conductive structures in connected samples should be considered evidence-based: metabolic syndrome and further — diabetes mellitus.
 Conclusion. The patterns of peripheral nerve damage in VD associated with exposure to general and local vibration, burdened with DM or MS, were disorders of afferent axons of the upper and lower extremities, as well as changes in the distal parts of the motor component of the tibial and median nerves. The features of the peripheral nerve states in VD, burdened with DM, were the complex involvement of the motor component in the pathological process, characterized by changes in the amplitude, pulse transit time at the level of the terminal unmyelinated fibers of the median and tibial nerves and changes in the proximal part of the median nerve. In VD complicated by MS, pathological changes were characteristic of the distal part of the motor axons. The patterns of afferent conductive structures lesion in VD, burdened with DM or MS, consisted in a violation of the activity of neurons of the cervical spinal cord and the somatosensory cortex. The peculiarity of the state of the central afferent conducting structures in VD, burdened with DM, was the slowing down of the afferent excitation wave in the area of thalamic structures to the somatosensory zone of the cortex, a violation of the conduction from the trunk to the cortical projections of the somatosensory zone. In case of VD, complicated by MS — the time of the afferent excitation wave at the level of the cervical spine and the somatosensory cortex.
 Ethics. Conclusion of the MEC of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research" No. 32 dated 09.10.2019.

Greenhouses in space: from intention to implementation

April 12 is Cosmonautics Day, International Day of Human Space Flight. This is a memorable date dedicated to the flight of the first cosmonaut of the planet, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, who became a symbol of the earthlings' dream come true. The All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)), like a number of other academic institutions, from the beginning of space exploration, got involved in the work to solve the problem of developing food for astronauts and continues research to this day. In the embodiment of the ideas of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and S.P. Korolev on the creation of space greenhouses received a number of significant achievements in the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Institute of Biochemical Physics N.M. Emanuel, SSC RF IBMP RAS and others. Varieties of vegetable crops have been created, tested and recommended for weightlessness conditions: radish, Chinese cabbage, dill, lettuce and other rapidly maturing plants. The variety of Chinese Vesnyanka cabbage has successfully passed biotechnical tests on the ground model of the Phytocycle-SD space conveyor greenhouse, during which good production and biochemical parameters were obtained. Russian scientists are conducting research on developing a technology for cultivating various vegetable plants under space flight conditions – in closed ecosystems (synergotrons), which can serve as the basis of life support systems during space flights, at space stations or in space habitats, where some conditions specific for ISS. Studies have been carried out to study tomato plants grown from seeds that have been under space flight conditions for a long time. As a result of the study, a statistically significant increase in the levels of ascorbic acid, polyphenols and carotenoids, the total antioxidant activity of tomato fruits compared to plants grown from control seeds (ground control) was found.

State of benthic invertebrate communities and water quality in the ponds of Noginsk district of Moscow region

Hydrochemical regime is one of the important factors affecting the species composition and the amount of benthic invertebrate communities in a water body. With heavy metal pollution and high eutrophication, the oligochaete index increases, the species diversity of benthic invertebrate communities decreases, and almost all representatives of the entomofauna disappear, with the exception of chironomids. Pollution with phosphates and ammonium nitrogen has an adverse effect on the development of benthic invertebrate communities. At present, the amount of available scientific data on the influence of hydrochemical factors on the development of benthic invertebrate communities in pond farms seems to be insufficient, the focus is on hydrological factors, and this suggests the relevance of new research in this area. The purpose of this study was to compare hydrochemical and temperature indicators with the quantitative and qualitative composition of benthic invertebrate communities in three ponds of Noginsk district of Moscow region in December 2022 - January 2023. The selection of hydrobiological materials and water samples for hydrochemical analysis was carried out in December 2022 - January 2023 in the ponds of Noginsk district of Moscow region in EPB RRIFF, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRC RIAH named after L.K. Ernst. Pond № 1 has an area of 4,48 ha, pond № 2 has an area of 1,7 ha, pond № 3 has an area of 0,61 ha. The studies conducted in December 2022 - January 2023 showed the presence of correlation between water quality (the sum of hydrochemical indicators: concentration of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, total iron, general and carbonate hardness, total mineralization, as well as water temperature) and benthic invertebrate communities (qualitative and quantitative) development indicators. The best indicators of benthic invertebrate communities development were observed in the pond with the best water quality (from a fishery point of view), the worst ones were observed in the pond with the worst water quality (zoobenthos was not found in samples from this pond). In total, 6 taxones of benthic invertebrate communities were found in the studied ponds.

EVALUATION OF DOPAMINERGIC ACTIVITY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF VERBENA HERB (VERBENA OFFICINALIS L.)

Relevance. The development of herbal medicines remains relevant today. Verbena officinalis L. has a spectrum of pharmacological activity, but our interest is manifested in its ability to treat amenorrhea and anovulation in hyperprolactinemia. The purpose of the work was to study the dopaminergic activity of the extract, fractions and dominant substances of the verbena officinalis herb. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the verbena officinalis herb, harvested experimentally in the field of the Botanical Garden of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VILAR in 2019. Results. The dopaminergic activity of fractions of different polarity of herb verbena officinalis was assessed. The most active absorb ethyl acetate fraction, which includes: verbenalin and verbascoside. Verbenalin has been found to have a dopaminergic effect. Dopaminergic activity of the total ex-tract, ethyl acetate fraction and inflammation verbenalin. Conclusions. It is expedient to develop drugs for the treatment of amenorrhea and anovulation based on a total extract standardized for verbenalin.

Study of the tolerance of high doses of drugs for external use based on fipronil, praziquantel, moxidectin and pyriproxyfen

The purpose of the researchis to study the tolerance of increased doses of topical preparations based on fipronil, praziquantel, moxidectin and pyriproxyfen in dogs and cats at increased therapeutic doses.Materials and methods.In the laboratory of ectoparasitoses on the basis of VNIIP, a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center of VIEV RAS, two preparations were developed in the form of a solution for external use for dogs and cats based on praziquantel, pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid and moxidectin. Work on the study of tolerance to high doses was carried out on 15 kittens and 15 puppies under the age of one year, 15 adult cats and 15 adult dogs. Animals were divided into 8 experimental and 4 control groups according to the principle of analogues, 5 animals each. The drugs were used at 1.5 and 2 times the increased therapeutic dose four times with an interval of 7 days. The animals were observed for 30 days; noted the general condition, behavior, appetite, controlled weight and body temperature. Before the start of the experiment and 30 days after the start of the use of the drugs, blood was taken for general clinical and biochemical studies.Results and discussion.It was found that drugs in 1.5 and 2 times increased therapeutic doses, applied four times with an interval of 7 days, did not have a negative effect on carnivores. There were no changes in behavior, body temperature and weight, physical condition, clinical status, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and functions of internal organs. The drug was well tolerated by dogs and cats of different breeds of different age groups, as well as by puppies and kittens. Manifestations of any allergic reactions were not observed. The obtained results of the studies confirm the safety of the use of drugs in practice in the recommended dosing regimen.

New spring barley variety ‘Rafael’ adapted to the conditions of the Central region

The purpose of the current study was to identify and present the most economically valuable features of the new spring barley variety ‘Rafael’ in the conditions of the Central region. There was developed a new spring barley variety ‘Rafael’ based on the Governmental task of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”, (FRC “Nemchinovka” (Moscow Region)) No. 0608-2019-0011 and the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the FSBSI “Federal Research Agro-engineering Center VIM” (ISPA, a branch of FSBSI FRAEC VIM (Ryazan region)) No. 0581-2019-0021. In 2020–2021 the variety was tested in the State Variety Testing. In 2022, the variety was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation and approved for use in the Central (3) and Volga-Vyatka (4) regions. The code of the variety is 8057530. There was received the patent No. 12254. Breeding number 35/1-09 h 662 was obtained when crossing the lodging-resistant variety ‘Ksanadu’ and the breeding lines 27/13-78 h 34 (‘Moskovsky 121 x Highproli’), identified from the genetic collection according to a complex resistance to helminthosporiasis of barley and soil drought. The analysis of long-term data (2014–2019) has shown that under various agrometeorological conditions of the environmental trials, the variety was characterized by improved productivity in comparison with the standard variety ‘Yaromir ‘and varieties of earlier breeding. In the experimental crop rotation FRC “Nemchinovka” exceeded the mean value of productivity on 0.44 t/ha, the productivity increase was on 0.68 t/ha more than that of the standard variety, and on 1.08 t/ha more than that of the parental variety ‘Ksanadu’. In the fields, the ISPA, a branch of FSBSI FRAEC VIM exceeded the standard variety on 0.09 t/ha, providing a mean productivity of 6.85 t/ha. The maximum value of the indicator of the variety stability level (PSSS = 141.6%) has characterized a high degree of variety adaptation to various environmental conditions. The economic efficiency calculation has shown an increased profitability of the new variety on 17.0–20.8% compared to the widespread varieties. The introduction of this variety into production can significantly improve and stabilize gross barley productivity in the Central and Volga-Vyatka regions of Russia, increase profitability of enterprises and provide the feed industry with domestic raw materials.

Selection of grain sorghum varieties for the north Caucasian region of Russia

It is possible to solve the problem of productivity and improve the gross harvest of agricultural products by introducing new varieties and hybrids adapted to the conditions of cultivation into production. The diversity of the varietal composition of sorghum crops necessitates a careful approach in the selection of varieties. This is especially important for the North Caucasus region, which is characterized by contrasting natural and climatic conditions. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the existing varietal range of grain, sweet, grass sorghum, to identify varieties recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. The work on the development of sorghum crops was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “ARC “Donskoy” in accordance with the Methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. There has been found that since 2013 20 grain sorghum varieties and hybrids of Russian originators (7 sugar sorghum varieties, 6 Sudan grass varieties, 7 sorghum-Sudan hybrids) have been approved for cultivation in the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation. Since 2013 2 grain sorghum varieties, 2 sweet and Sudan grass varieties, 1 sorghum-Sudan hybrid have been developed and introduced into the Register at ARC “Donskoy”. There have been developed grain sorghum varieties ‘Zernogradskoye 88’, ‘Esaul’ which are distinguished by high grain productivity of 5.0–6.2 t/ha and have been recommended for use for feed and food purposes. Sweet sorghum varieties ‘Feniks’ and ‘Yuzhnoe’ have been characterized by a large productivity of green mass for silage (37–45 t/ha) and good feed qualities, which allows them to be used for silage production. Sudan grass varieties ‘Alisa’ and ‘Gratsiya’ have made it possible to obtain 2 cuttings of high-quality green fodder (39–44 t/ha) and hay (12.0–13.2 t/ha). The sorghum-Sudan hybrid ‘Dobrynya F1’ has 55–61 t/ha of green mass for two cuttings and could be recommended for use for green fodder, hay, silage.

Перспективная стратегия применения молекулярных маркеров в селекции Beta vulgaris L. (обзор)

Abstract. Aim of the investigations is to study, summarize and analyze domestic and foreign literature concerning interaction of molecular genetics and classical sugar beet breeding for improvement of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The problems are: 1) to analyze a current state of molecular-genetic investigations in domestic and foreign literature; 2) to study problems of marker-oriented breeding; 3) to estimate development prospects of sugar beet molecular research in Russian Federation. Methods. Analytical methods to inspect and handle information from international databases (PubMed, NCBI, and Academy Google) have been used to study modern strategy of molecular-genetic marking. Results. Use of DNA-technologies is an important part of modern breeding of agricultural crops. There have been discussed the research data permitting to get a more comprehensive idea of current state of sugar beet molecular genetics and breeding that is necessary to work out programs of their further development. There have been presented the results of foreign authors’ experiments and our own investigations on determining DNA-markers to study genetical polymorphism of sugar beet breeding material, select parent pairs for hybridization, identify genes of resistance to bolting, select breeding material with genes of resistance to biotic (Fusarium spp., nematodes, rhizomania) and abiotic stressors (salinization, drought, heavy metals). Now, wide-scale studies on using molecular-genetic markers in sugar beet breeding process have been carried out by Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “The A.L. Mazlumov All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar”. Use of molecular markers is one of the basic methods in plant breeding because of their general allocation throughout a genome and practical universality of application. In the article, advisability to use actual methods of sugar beet genome analysis employing DNA-markers in breeding process is considered. Scientific novelty involves estimation of the current state of Beta vulgaris L. molecular-genetic investigations in Russian Federation and abroad and their use in the crop breeding process.

Using Yield Mapping Data to Identify Areas of In-field Heterogeneity in Soil Fertility

Mathematical models developed on the basis of a big data array of stationary agrochemical field experiments of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center "Nemchinovka" on different types (subtypes) of soils for calculating the potential yield and doses of fertilizers for the planned crop yield are presented. The combined use of such models with yield mapping data can potentially be used to identify areas of in-field heterogeneity in soil fertility.

. Комплексное рыбозащитное сооружение с использованием поверхностного непроницаемого экрана и пневматической завесы на водозаборе НС-1 Кармановской ГРЭС

The article provides a description of the complex pneumatic fish protection structure (FCS) of the pumping station No. 1 of the Karmanovskaya GRES. Estimated design flow rate of NS No. 1 of water intake is 44 m3/s. The RGU includes an impenetrable screen in the form of a zapan, covering the surface two-meter layer of the water intake flow and a pneumatic (water-air) curtain that provides protection for fish fry of various sizes living in the thickness, surface and bottom layers of the reservoir.
 Ichthyological studies conducted by the Tatar branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "VNIRO" showed that the complex pneumatic fish protection structure protects juvenile fish living in the reservoir with an average efficiency of 86.51%, which exceeds the regulatory requirements of 70% of the current SP 101.13330.2012 (updated edition of SNiP 2.06.07 -87 "Retaining walls, shipping locks, fish passage and fish protection structures" (as amended No. 1).