Cultural Features Research Articles

Traditional Methods Applied to Newborn in Turkey; an Evaluatıon in Terms of Causes and Consequences

Günümüzde, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde doğum sonu ve yenidoğan döneminde yapılan yanlış uygulamalardan dolayı birçok yenidoğan mortalite ve morbidite açısından yüksek risk altındadır. Ne yazık ki bu durum, modern tıbbın gelişmesine ve bilgiye ulaşımın kolaylaşmasına rağmen, zengin kültürel ve geleneksel özelliklere sahip ülkemiz için de öncelikli olarak ele alınması gereken bir sorun olarak varlığını korumaktadır. Ulusal literatür taranarak oluşturulan bu derlemede, ülkemizde yenidoğan döneminde aile bireyleri tarafından uygulanan çeşitli geleneksel yöntemler, uygulanma nedenleri ve yenidoğan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yenidoğana uygulanan geleneksel yöntemlerin bazılarının yenidoğan sağlığına fayda sağladığı, bazılarının herhangi bir etkisi olmadığı ve bazılarının ise ciddi ya da ölümcül sonuçlar yarattığı belirlenmiştir. Ülkemizde çeşitli yörelerde ve kültürlerde uygulanan bu yöntemlerin doğurduğu sonuçların bilinmesi, hemşirelere, ana-çocuk sağlığı çalışanlarına ve aile bireylerine bu konunun önemi hakkında eğitim programları düzenlenmesi, yenidoğanda geleneksel uygulamalar ile ilgili ölçekler geliştirilmesi ve yenidoğan döneminde geleneksel yöntemler uygulanan çocukların ileriki yaşlardaki sağlık durumlarını inceleyen araştırmalara yer verilmesi önerilir.

Identification and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing Leaf and Stem Rot in Three-Leaf Ladybell

In 2020 and 2021, we surveyed diseases of three-leaf ladybell (<i>Adenophora triphylla</i>) plants grown in fields at two locations in Korea. During the disease surveys, severe leaf rot symptoms were observed on the young plants in Hongseong, and stem rot symptoms on the adult plants in Cheolwon. The incidence of leaf rot was 5‒60%, and that of stem rot 1‒10%. We obtained 6 fungal isolates each from the leaf rot lesions and the stem rot lesions. All the isolates were morphologically identified as <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>. Anastomosis test and investigation of cultural features of the fungal isolates revealed that the isolates from the leaf rot lesions corresponded to <i>R. solani</i> AG-1(IB), and those from the stem rot lesions to <i>R. solani</i> AG-2-2(IIIB). Two isolates each of <i>R. solani</i> AG-1(IB) and AG-2-2(IIIB) were used for DNA sequence analysis and pathogenicity test to three-leaf ladybell plants through artificial inoculation. The anastomosis groups and cultural types of the <i>R. solani</i> isolates were confirmed by the sequence analysis. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of <i>R. solani</i> AG- 1(IB) caused only leaf rot symptoms on the inoculated plants, and those of <i>R. solani</i> AG-2-2(IIIB) leaf rot and stem rot symptoms. The induced symptoms were similar to those observed in the fields investigated. Leaf and stem rot of three-leaf ladybell caused by the two anastomosis groups and cultural types of <i>R. solani</i> is first reported in this study.

“大思政”背景下地方特色文化融入英语专业课程思政的设计与实践研究

This paper analyzes the impact of this policy on the reform of the higher education system. It discusses the necessity of integrating local cultural features into ideological and political education in English major courses, emphasizing the importance of cultivating students’ comprehensive qualities. Building upon this foundation, the research delves into the specific integration practices of local culture into ideological and political education in English major courses under the backdrop of “Comprehensive Ideological and Political Education.” This includes interdisciplinary cooperation and local case analysis. While emphasizing practical training, it seamlessly incorporates elements of local culture. By selecting relevant literary works, historical events, and other materials related to the local context as learning materials, the paper guides students to perceive and understand local culture during the language learning process. This research provides valuable experiences and insights for the practical implementation of ideological and political education in English major courses in higher education.

TRANSLATION OF REALIA ON THE MATERIAL OF THE RUSSIAN FOLK TALE «KOSCHEY THE IMMORTAL»

Statement of the problem. The article discusses the interaction of linguistics and cultural studies in translation. The concepts of lacunarity, ethnolinguocultural asymmetry, sociocultural adaptation, significative connotation are revealed. Results. The article describes the difficulties that arise when translating works that are distinguished by a bright national coloring. Particular attention is paid to the problems associated with the difficulties of translation, in particular the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary. Various interpretations of the concept of reality are given. It is explained why it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of "realia" and "non-equivalent vocabulary". With the help of the theory of renomination, the difficulties associated with the translation of realia from one language to another are analyzed and a comparative analysis of various translation options for realia taken from the Russian folk tale "Koschey the Immortal" of A. S. Afanasyev and its translations into Italian by Rosella Morini (2011) and Sophia de Figner (1903). Conclusion. It is concluded that the translation of folklore is always difficult, since its quality depends very much on how rich the translator's stock of thematic and folk-poetic vocabulary of both languages ​​is. The analysis showed that the language in the translations is modern, neutral vocabulary prevails in it, in contrast to the Russian fairy tale, where there is a lot of stylistically colored colorful vocabulary. To convey the cultural features of the Russian language, transcriptions, transliterations, partial tracing with explanatory notes are used.

The Unique Marriage Customs And Traditions Of Balochistan In Urdu Travelogues

The region of Baluchistan, as a firmly gripped one by its rituals and burdened with the load of traditions and customs, is such an area that incorporates the valuable treasure of these values. Urdu travelogues are not only the sources to highlight various themes but also the foundations to express all the aspects of a civilization and culture.These urdu travelogues stand at the top in revealing the culture of any region. This part of our country (the Baluchistan region) is still chained by rituals as well as repressed by the weight of conservatism, which is beyond one’s imagination. Urdu Travelogues represent the traditions and rituals of all the districts of Baluchistan in such a way. Consequently, all the cultural features of Baluchi civilization have turned into the movable and valuable source of information. As a result, the reader of Urdu travelogues gets dazed while going through such information. These travelogues have performed a great task in terms of conveying the full information to the readers about the backward and deserted region of Baluchistan which receives no interest of a common person. The Urdu travelogues have fully revealed Baluchistan to pop up the cultural portrait of this region. This is the great contribution of the writers of Urdu travelogues that they have highlighted Balochi traits, cultural aspects, civilization, religious affairs, habits and rituals by decorating the pages through the unique story of Baluchistan. Each leaf of this story dazzles the human mind. This area of our country is still helpless under the weight of traditionalism. This thesis has attempted to reveal and highlight the unique aspects of Balochi traditions, rituals and culture. The current study has also presented the detailed evaluation of Baluchi rituals that take place during the marriage ceremonies across the districts of Baluchistan.

CULTURAL-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF LEGAL TEXTS TRANSLATION

Objective. The objective of the article is to investigate culturally specific problems of legal texts translating from German into Ukrainian and vice versa. Methods. Solving the set tasks is carried out using such methods as analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problems of translation studies; system analysis, and the continuous sampling technique was used to collect language facts. Results. The problem of translating terminology is one of the main problems of legal texts translating. The main difficulty lies in the ambiguity of German legal terms. Another difficulty is related to the fact that different countries have unequal characteristics in the same spheres of life, and, accordingly, inevitably differ in the sphere of law. This concerns, first of all, the differences between the legal systems of Ukraine and Germany. Therefore, during translation, attention should be paid to the fact that certain facts do not always find an equivalent in another language, because they do not exist in this form. Similarly, the same terms in two languages do not always have the same meaning or scope. Also because in so-called specialized texts, due to their subject matter and frequent linguistic and formal standardization, the influence of cultural features is less than in literary or advertising texts. Therefore, in order to carry out a correct translation of a legal text from German into Ukrainian, it is necessary to take into account the cultural and specific features of both countries, to have knowledge of linguistic and regional studies, history, as well as to possess professional and branch knowledge. Because insufficient knowledge of the history of the people, its culture, customs, social order, features of political life can lead to an inadequate translation. On the other hand, the translation of specialized legal texts should not focus exclusively on linguistic aspects, otherwise a "functionally adequate" translation will not be achieved.

Restorative Justice Discourses in Papiackum Witticism: A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis

Justice is fundamental in every nation building process as most nations have prioritised criminal justice system in which criminal sanctions and incarcention are inherent. To operational this form of justice, some nations especially Cameroon have enacted legal texts to ease its implementation notably, the penal code and the New Criminal Procedure Code. Contrary to criminal justice, restorative justice which is based on making amends is a key feature of African culture. This paper therefore aims at analysing aspects of Papiackum Witticism as speech acts to show the relationship between criminal offences and restorative justice. From the theoretical praxis of Functionalism, this paper operates on the premise that in Papiackum worldview, the concept of restorative justice is highlighted via its norms and values when criminal behaviours are proven. The Papiackum is a speech community in the Ngoketunjia Division, North West region of the Republic of Cameroon.

Representation of the Croatian National Revival and Romanticism in Croatian Literary Historiography

The paper presents poetically and politically conditioned changes in the interpretationof the literature of the Croatian National Revival period as “Romantic”.It indicates that these phenomena should necessarily be viewed in mutual (inter)action. It states that the Croatian National Revival, as a period that is most frequently demarcated by the years 1835 and 1848–49 in the so-called general historiography, is a necessary framework for the periodisation and understanding of the history of Croatian literature too. This framework does not exclude the necessity of including the concept of Romanticism in the study of Croatian literature of this period, which was strongly influenced by Romantic trends. And consequently it is a stage in a longer period of manifestation of Romantic features in Croatian culture and literature of the 19th century.

Теоретическое наследие ленинградско-петербургской философии

The analysis of the theoretical heritage of philosophical science in Leningrad / St. Petersburg appears relevant for a better understanding of the characteristics of how philosophy was formed and shaped in Russia. There were various philosophical schools and trends (philoso­phy of science and culture, social philosophy and history of philosophy) in the city, which had a signi­ficant impact on the national philosophical science. Of crucial value is the concrete analysis of institutional and socio-cultural aspects of the development of philosophical culture in St. Petersburg, as well as the study of the most important results of the philosophers who worked in Leningrad/St. Petersburg, the forms and methods of how they mastered the world’s philosophical thought – thereby significantly expanding the understanding of the theoretical and axiological features of Russian philosophy and culture.
 The paper primarily focuses on the philosophy of science and culture in Leningrad/St. Petersburg in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries, as these philosophical subjects were the ones that caused the significant transformation of philosophical knowledge from dogmatic Marxism to a multitude of different philosophical products. The authors analyse the ideas of members of the Leningrad school of philosophy of science: Vladimir Svidersky, Vladimir Bransky, Vasily Tugarinov, and Victor Stoff; these figures, through the synthesis of scientific and philosophical concepts relevant in Europe of the 20th century and the original interpretation of Marxism, produced solutions to other philosophical problems, thus initiating the emergence of new philosophical subjects. Also, the authors study how philosophy of culture was developing in St. Petersburg, as represented in the studies of: Moisey Kagan, Yury Solonin, Evgeny Sokolov, Valery Savchuk, Andrey Demichev, Elmar Sokolov, Vyacheslav Sukhachyov; as well as the establishment and development of the history of Russian philosophy through the works of Anatoly Galaktionov, Pyotr Nikandrov, Alexander Zamaleev.

CULTURAL AND EDUCATION TOURISM IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE OF THE RESOURCE BASE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Objective. The article is aimed at analyzing the current state of the resource base, identifying the main trends and prospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism in Ukraine. Methods. To achieve the objective, the following methods are applied: theoretical generalisation (to study approaches to defining the concept of cultural and educational tourism), statistical (to process statistical information), analysis (to study the current state of the resource base, trends and features of the development of cultural and educational tourism), abstract-theoretical (to summarise and draw conclusions) and modelling (to identify promising areas for the development of cultural and educational tourism in Ukraine). Results. As a result of the study of approaches to defining the concept of "cultural and educational tourism", it is established that the latter should be understood as travel, the main purpose of which is to familiarise tourists with historical, cultural and natural objects and resources in order to meet educational and aesthetic needs. The structure, current state of the resource base of cultural and educational tourism and features of its spatial location are analysed. The imbalance between the location and saturation of cultural and historical objects between different regions of Ukraine is revealed, in favour of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Odesa and Poltava regions and the Carpathian region. The article analyses the loss of cultural and educational resources from the Russian-Ukrainian war and identifies the main trends in the current development of cultural and educational tourism. As a result of the analysis, the main directions of development of cultural and educational tourism in wartime and post-war conditions are identified and substantiated, in particular, the following: development of militarised areas of cultural and educational tourism, extension of modern travel trends to cultural and educational tourism, introduction of the promising Slow Cities tourist movement in cities, shifting the emphasis to the creativity of forms of cultural and educational tourism and expanding the use of innovative technologies in promoting tourist attractions and exchanging information with consumers of tourist services.

Lexical Units of the "Plants" Microsystem in Folklore Texts from Western Polissia

In linguistics, lexical semantics is one of the fundamental fields of study. The article highlights the issue of folkloristics in the context of lexical semantics, which is always relevant for studies. Studying the language of folklore is essential for understanding the traditional culture of the people and preserving the values of the nation embedded in rites, beliefs, and mythological images.
 Linguistic studies of the motivational productivity of lexical groups or semantic fields are closely related to texts (folklore, folk poetry, spell texts). Lexical units of “plants” microsystem in folklore texts from western Polissia are of great linguistic importance in this context.
 The internal form of many plants' names can be traced quite clearly, as we can see when elucidating the motivation of such phytonomens as maivka, molodylnyk, nekhvoroshch, vinychchia, serporiznyk, durmanyk, zaiacha kapusta (rabbit cabbage). Unfortunately, we cannot always establish the motivation for a particular name of a plant, some of them are influenced by folk etymology, as in the case of aiir (derived from the Turkish name ağir).
 The study of motivational characteristics of botanical vocabulary is combined with the field of extra-linguistic semantics (mythological images, magical actions, ritual practices, symbolic images), which brings motivational models into the field of culture. Phytonyms often appear in folklore texts and manifest a special symbolic meaning in their structure, such as widow's grass, hare's ears, Tatar potion, sabers, and vydiuk.
 In many cases, the folk-creative basis of the motivation of plant names is found outside the folklore text, since we can only guess about the existence of such a text (for instance, the origin of the names of such plants as bozhe derevo (the God's tree), artemizida, etc.).
 Depending on the functional role, the same phytonym can have different meanings, e.g. krovavnyk is equally applicable to yarrow and St. John's wort. And medicinal marigolds, yellow pitcher plants, iron sedum, Asian honeysuckle, marsh marigolds, erect foxgloves, and celandine have the popular common name zhovtets (buttercup).
 The cultural, historical, and ethnographic features of the Ukrainians, their traditions, and worldview have a significant influence on the semantic features of lexical folklorisms.

Regional deity beliefs and concepts of the Wanni Hathpattuwa

Wanni Hathpaththuwa is located in the upper part of the Kurunegala district in the present North Eastern province, which is in the region between Deduru Oya and Kala Oya. Many unique cultural features have emerged in this village society which was created based on the "Wew gammana". Like other parts of the island, this area has many unique religious concepts. The purpose of this research was to study the reasons and their nature that influenced the creation of indigenous religious beliefs, based on it. Data for the research were collected through field exploration, participant observation, and interviews. A manuscript containing poems sung during a ritual called "Bath Malava" was mainly used for the research. In this ritual, there are several concepts that they worship. "Ayyanayaka", "Kadawara", "Kambili", "Kalu Dewatha", "Handun Kumara" are among them. Also, there is another religious figure unique to this region called "Anguruwelle Muththa". There are many poems describing the genesis and other characteristics of that deities. For example, people believe that deities like "Aiyanaka", "Kadavara" and "Kambili" are not indigenous and migrated to this country from India. Among them, “Kalu Devatha” is believed to be the son of “Walli amma” and the god “Kataragama”. The other thing mentioned in these recitals is that all these gods are Buddhists. Although these religious concepts were primarily based on Tamil culture, it can be believed that people integrated these religious concepts into Buddhist culture.

Некоторые особенности исламской культуры Хорезма в эпоху Золотой Орды

Research objective: To analyze the features of the Islamic culture of Khwarezm and the role of the Turkic languages in the dissemination of Islamic knowledge. Research materials: The article is based on information from various written sources and publications of Russian, Kazakh, Turkish source scholars and historians that shed light on the role of the Turkic languages in the religious culture of Khwarezm in the Golden Horde period. Results and scientific novelty: As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in Khwarezm, Islam was represented by various practices manifested in the organization of rituals, Mutazilism, Sufi teachings, and the cult of saints. In the pre-Golden Horde period, the Muslim written culture of the region was dominated by the Arabic, Persian, and Khwarezmian languages. From the middle of the 13th century, Turkic writings appeared in dictionaries, and from the 14th century, religious literature appeared in the Turkic language. The main settled centers of the Turkic languages of the Ulus Jochi were Volga Bulgaria, Khwarezm, and the Syrdarya territories. The close interaction of the Turkic-speaking peoples of these territories, coupled with the policy of a certain part of the political elite to support the use of Turkic languages, manifested itself in the growth in the number of works in Turkic languages and the beginning of the formation of a single Turkic literary language. In this complex process, Khwarezm played the role of repeating the Arab-Persian cultural traditions with the participation of a certain local Turkic component. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of sources and existing research, one can assume the development of the religious culture of Khwarezm based on the Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages, which is confirmed by the increase in the number of works of a religious nature, the translation of the Holy Quran into the Turkic language, and the deve­lopment of Turkic religious terminology.

GENERAL CULTURAL KEY COMPETENCE AS A BASIS FOR FUTURE SPECIALIST TRAINING

In the article, taking into account the leading global and Ukrainian trends in the formation of general and professional competencies of the individual, general cultural competence is characterized as key while training specialists in the agricultural sector.
 The purpose of the research is to reveal, based on the generalization of theoretical foundations, the peculiarities of the content and structure of specialists’ general cultural competence, to substantiate the specifics of the formation of this competence among the graduates of agricultural institutions.
 It has been proven that general cultural competence, unlike other competencies, has a permanent character. So, if professional competence can be short-term, then key competencies are used by the individual throughout his life, while such competencies help the specialist in acquiring new competencies, which, in turn, allow him to develop and reach new heights of professional development.
 General human culture and characteristic features of national culture, the foundations of spiritual and moral relations and social phenomena, traditions and the ability to practically apply them in a variety of social relations, ideas about the scientific picture of the world, as well as personality qualities, the presence of experience in the field of development of the agrarian sphere as a cultural educational space.
 So, if you synthesize all the data of the process of formation of general cultural competence, their components are defined as value self-orientations on the self-assessment of the individual, motivational, and volitional components of the specialist’s competence. Individually, the overall cultural competence of an individual is revealed as professional self-awareness, self-acceptance as a professional in the agricultural industry; permanent self-determination; self-development of professional abilities; self-projection, building one’s professional growth strategy, implementing axiological foundations of one’s professional life, acquiring new qualities, mastering new professionally important abilities, or a continuous change in the structure of professionally crucial socio-cultural features that developed earlier.

Medicine and Health in the European Dream

The primary purpose of this publication is to show some fundamental links between health, medicine, democracy, and the new Europe rebuilt after 1945. The European health system is connected to the Enlightenment and its universalistic ideas. A universalistic health system includes all individuals, regardless of wealth, culture, race, gender, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, or other distinguishing features. My final point is to support the EU's universalism, which has frequently been controversial; it can be maximized by the digital revolution rather than minimized due to the high and growing costs of medical care. These pages were born from a project aimed to assess the public health changes from the perspective of the upheavals caused by COVID-19. The research project involved the collection of documentation, with interviews and fieldwork, to highlight the response capabilities to the pandemic, particularly in the Italian healthcare system, the first to be affected in the West. The interviews were conducted in various countries, and all the documentation was considered from a comparative perspective. These pages constitute an intermediate research report with a view to final publication. In my presentation, I will also delve deeper into a previous project ("EU and Turkey: Connecting Identities, Bridging Cultures") that was launched in 2008 with the support of the European Union and started together with the German universities of Heidelberg and Ludwigsburg and various universities in Turkey. At the various stages of my inquiry, I have published many books and articles on different themes (Gammone, 2021, 2018, 2015; Gammone and Sidoti, 2012).

Ways of Transmitting Verbal Aggression in Different System Languages in Political Discourse (on the Example of Pre-Election Debates)

This research article examines the transmission of verbal aggression in political discourse, particularly in pre-election debates, across three distinct system languages: English, Kazakh, and Russian. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of how candidates employ verbal aggression as a communication strategy in debates conducted in these languages, taking into account their unique cultural and linguistic features. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative discourse analysis and quantitative content analysis, to identify and categorize the various strategies and levels of verbal aggression used by candidates in the selected debates. Additionally, the study introduces the term «aggressogen,» a measure of the degree of verbal aggression in a person’s speech across different system languages and the tolerance levels of speakers of each language. Results demonstrate that the utilization of verbal aggression in pre-election debates evokes diverse reactions from the audience, which are influenced by cultural norms and individual preferences of listeners. The study finds that candidates may employ aggressive expressions strategically to assert strength and determination or to discredit opponents, but such behavior can also lead to negative perceptions and rejection from certain audience segments. Furthermore, the research highlights the significance of cultural and linguistic nuances in shaping the interpretation and acceptance of verbal aggression in political discourse. The study emphasizes the importance of considering cultural contexts when analyzing the impact of verbal aggression on the audience’s perception of candidates. Moreover, the introduction of the term «aggressogen» contributes to the field of linguistic studies and political discourse analysis, laying the groundwork for further research in this domain. Overall, this research offers valuable implications for political communication and translation studies, deepening our understanding of verbal aggression’s role in shaping political discourse in diverse linguistic and cultural settings.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ЗМІН ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНО ПРОСТОРОВОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ

The parameters and structure of the territorial organization of Ukraine are undergoing changes caused by the war. New prerequisites for the territorial and spatial organization of the regions of Ukraine are being formed. The research aims to develop a methodological approach to the systematization of the type of region. The formation of regions is determined by a complex of physical - geographical, socio-economic, military - political, cultural and religious features and characteristics. There are well-known examples of a sharp and radical breakdown of the military-political situation and the slow civilizational and evolutionary formation of new regional entities. At this stage, the tasks of urban planning analysis of trends and tendencies of changes in the regional structure appear. The prerequisites for changes in the territorial spatial organization of the war-torn regions of Ukraine are analyzed.
 The main parameters of the formation of the region are determined in the process of systematization of typological features. The main factors and regularities of regional development, trends in changing the form and function of the object of study, the forecast of changes in the structure of the region are carried out using systemic analysis. An analysis of the main features/imperatives forming the "basis" of regionalism has been carried out. The features and properties of the territorial system of the corresponding typology are determined by the function, autonomy of the territorial system construction, and the stability of the system.
 It was determined that the extra-regional influence that forms the new region provides the task of state security, compliance with the function of the border, and the function of military-political limitation. The program strategy of its development should provide methodological prerequisites for the implementation of the main functions and tasks.
 The generalized systematization of the type of regions in modern conditions provides grounds for defining a region covering the territories of several regions, the borders of which determine the limits of a special regime. The defined border is the state border of Ukraine, the depth of the region is determined by the size of the special regime zone, the influence of the security factors of the demarcation line. Contours of the border region are determined at the level of decisions of central authorities.

Applicability of Solution-Focused Brief Counseling in Turkish Culture: A Contextual Perspective

This article focuses on the applicability of solution-oriented brief counseling in Turkish culture. To this end, I discuss the theoretical framework and therapeutic process of solution-focused counseling and the predispositions of counselors to provide solution-focused counseling from a contextual perspective. An important implication from this investigation is that traits such as authoritativeness, approval for power inequalities, and external locus of control may harm the applicability of this approach in Turkey. However, it is possible to say that the solution-oriented approach is compatible with the Turkish people in many ways. In this respect, solution-focused counselors may need different methods to work more harmoniously with Turkish clients. In conclusion, considering the cultural features of Turkish society, I make recommendations about what these methods might be and how solution-focused counseling adapted better.

Impact of Pashto Movies on the Cultural Traits of Youth of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

With the development of technologies like cell phones, radios, televisions, and the internet, the globe has improved. There are many ways to amuse, educate, converse, impart, and shareinformation. There are many different types of programs available nowadays. The public has now become aware of and vocal about the numerous film content infractions. The goal of the current study is to investigate the cultural features of Pashto films and how they affect young people in Karak. Movies have a significant influence on how individuals behave. It is clear that Pashto films promote violent messages, which directly affect the young people who watch them. Data is gathered for this purpose from Khushal Khan Khattak University in Karak's nine departments. The nature of this investigation is qualitative. According to a study, viewers are more exposed to Pashto films, which do not significantly contribute to the erasure of Pashto culture through their content.

The role of the history of art of Kazakhstan and its artistic trends in the students� educational process

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the need to supplement the course �History of Fine Arts of Kazakhstan� and thereby improve the quality of professional education of Kazakh students.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to cover the significance of the course of the history of arts of Kazakhstan in the educational process of students of professional and creative faculties.Methodology. The leading method of studying this problem was the classification method, which helped single out and systematize various areas and periods in the history of the arts of Kazakhstan. The following methods were also applied: iconographic method, system analysis method, logical analysis method, synthesis method, comparative method, deduction.Results. The paper presents the results of a study of the history of art in Kazakhstan, including an analysis of various artistic trends, key periods, and creative personalities. The paper presents the major features of the ancient culture of Kazakhstan, reveals the characteristics of traditional patterns, their symbolism, and meaning. The art of the Kazakh carpet was analysed, the main techniques for making carpets and their characteristics were identified. The study examined the role of the fine arts, jewellery art, and dance arts of Kazakhstan and presented their main characteristics and directions. It was concluded that knowledge of the history of art in Kazakhstan is a necessary component of student education, as it offers a more profound understanding of the history of the country and its cultural heritage.Conclusions. The materials of the study are of practical value, since they provide an opportunity to better understand the cultural heritage of Kazakhstan, and the use of these materials to develop new training and advanced training programs for specialists in the field of culture and art will contribute to the preservation and promotion of the unique traditions of Kazakh art in the world.