Некоторые особенности исламской культуры Хорезма в эпоху Золотой Орды

Abstract

Research objective: To analyze the features of the Islamic culture of Khwarezm and the role of the Turkic languages in the dissemination of Islamic knowledge. Research materials: The article is based on information from various written sources and publications of Russian, Kazakh, Turkish source scholars and historians that shed light on the role of the Turkic languages in the religious culture of Khwarezm in the Golden Horde period. Results and scientific novelty: As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in Khwarezm, Islam was represented by various practices manifested in the organization of rituals, Mutazilism, Sufi teachings, and the cult of saints. In the pre-Golden Horde period, the Muslim written culture of the region was dominated by the Arabic, Persian, and Khwarezmian languages. From the middle of the 13th century, Turkic writings appeared in dictionaries, and from the 14th century, religious literature appeared in the Turkic language. The main settled centers of the Turkic languages of the Ulus Jochi were Volga Bulgaria, Khwarezm, and the Syrdarya territories. The close interaction of the Turkic-speaking peoples of these territories, coupled with the policy of a certain part of the political elite to support the use of Turkic languages, manifested itself in the growth in the number of works in Turkic languages and the beginning of the formation of a single Turkic literary language. In this complex process, Khwarezm played the role of repeating the Arab-Persian cultural traditions with the participation of a certain local Turkic component. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of sources and existing research, one can assume the development of the religious culture of Khwarezm based on the Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages, which is confirmed by the increase in the number of works of a religious nature, the translation of the Holy Quran into the Turkic language, and the deve­lopment of Turkic religious terminology.