Fast Electron Transport Research Articles

Three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide anchored MoS2@C core-shell nanoparticles as high performance materials in supercapacitor application

Three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) anchored carbon-coated MoS2 core-shell nanoparticles (MoS2@C-rGO) has been developed successfully through a simple one-pot hydrothermal process. The 3D MoS2@C-rGO nanocomposite consists of carbon coated MoS2 nanoparticle clusters (MoS2@C) and rGO nanosheets. The homogenously distributed and intercalated MoS2@C nanoparticles between rGO nanosheets form a highly conductive 3D carbon network with rGO, and present a hierarchical pore size structure, enabling fast ion and electron transport, as well as remarkable specific surface area. The 3D MoS2@C-rGO demonstrates an extraordinary specific capacitance of 1105 Fg−1 when subjected to a current density of 1 Ag−1. The 3D MoS2@C-rGO is also exceptionally cycle-stable, as demonstrated by the fact that it retains 96.3 % of its initial capacitance even after 5000 cycling cycles at 1 Ag−1. This symmetric supercapacitor is made with electrodes that are composed of MoS2@C-rGO, and it has a power density of 16.7 kW kg−1 and a specific capacitance of 405 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1. Because of these properties, high-performance supercapacitors might benefit from having their electrodes made out of 3D MoS2@C-rGO.

Dynamic stable interface between CNT and nanosilicon for robust anode with large capacity and high rate performance

The huge volume change and unstable interface of the silicon anode usually result in the fracture of the active material and the disconnection with conducting agent/current collector, which would highly hinder the application of silicon in powering battery. Moreover, the un-uniform charge distribution at the surfaces of silicon would cause a degration of capacity at fast charging condition or low temperature. Thus, developing a stable interface with good mechanical stability to tolerate huge volume change of the silicon, and keep the robust adhesive property is one of the effective methods of resolving the above questions but a great challenge. Here, a molecular zipper fastened strategy is designed to provide a dynamic stable interface for fast transportation of both ions and electrons, which can also provide a destroy-rebuilt interface for silicon. Through crosslinking of the binary polymer (PEDOT:PSS-PETU) and lithiated nafion (Li-nafion), the dynamic stable interface was constructed between nano-silicon and carbon nanotubes, leading to long cycling stability at room/freezing temperature (1850 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 and 25°C,1917 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 and 0°C), as well as high-rate performance (1328 mAh g−1 at 8.0 A g−1 and 25°C, 750 mAh g−1 at 4.0 A g−1 and 0°C). Finite element simulation results also confirm that the uniform electric distributed interface was constructed. The line contact model could minimize the stress caused by deformation during the fast lithiation/delithiation process. This approach offers an effective strategy for the next-generation high capacity, high rate, long lifespan and wide climate range ion battery.

Hetero-Anionic Structure Activated CoS Bonds Promote Oxygen Electrocatalytic Activity for High-Efficiency Zinc-Air Batteries.

The electronic structure of transition metal complexes can be modulated by replacing partial ion of complexes to obtain tuned intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) or oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic activity. However, the anion-modulated transition metal complexes ORR activity of is still unsatisfactory, and the construction of hetero-anionic structure remains challenging. Herein, an atomic doping strategy is presented to prepare the CuCo2 O4-x Sx /NC-2 (CCSO/NC-2) as electrocatalysts, the structrual characterization results favorably demonstrate the partial substitution of S atoms for O in CCSO/NC-2, which shows excellent catalytic performance and durability for OER and ORR in 0.1m KOH. In addition, the catalyst assembled Zinc-air battery with an open circuit potential of 1.43V maintains performance after 300h of cyclic stability. Theoretical calculations and differential charges illustrate that S doping optimizes the reaction kinetics and promotes electron redistribution. The superior performance of CCSO/NC-2 catalysis is mainly due to its unique S modulation of the electronic structure of the main body. The introduction of S promotes CoO covalency and constructs a fast electron transport channel, thus optimizing the adsorption degree of active site Co to the reaction intermediates.

Hetero‐Packing Nanostructures of Iron (III) Fluoride Nanocomposite Cathode for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractHigh‐performance metal fluoride cathodes are crucial to design ultrahigh‐capacity lithium metal batteries for taking part in the next‐generation energy storage market. However, their insulating nature and sluggish reaction kinetics result in voltage hysteresis, low‐rate capability, and rapid capacity degradation. Herein, a generalizable one‐step melt synthesis approach is reported to construct hetero‐packing nanostructures of FeF3@C‐Asphalt nanocomposites, where ultrafine FeF3 nanoparticles are homogeneously covered by a high conductive carbon framework. By the electrochemical kinetics calculation and multiphysics simulations, this FeF3@C‐Asphalt nanocomposites consist of ultrafine nanoparticles and a constrained carbon framework, offering a high tap density (1.8 g cm−3), significantly improved conductivity, and enhanced charge pathways, and thereby enabling the fast electron transport, rapid ion migration, depressed electrode internal stress, and mitigated volume expansion. As a result, the optimized FeF3@C‐Asphalt cathode delivers a high capacity of 517 mAh g−1, high cyclic stability of 87.5% after 1000 cycles under 5 A g−1 (10 C), and excellent capacity retention of 77% from 0.5 A g−1 to 10 A g−1 (20 C, 250 mAh g−1). The work provides an easy‐to‐operate and low‐cost approach to accomplish high cyclic stability metal fluoride‐lithium batteries, which will guide the development of fast‐charging ultrahigh‐capacity cathode materials for the new energy industry.

Synthesis of doped metal sulfide nanoparticles and their graphene reinforced nanohybrid for Pb(II) detection

Abstract This paper explores different techniques to combine and improve the electrochemical sensing activities of the transition metal chalcogenide. The transition metal chalcogenide was doped with a suitable dopant to tune the band structure. Surface-assisted nanotechnology was used to enrich the superficial properties of the doped material. Lastly, the nanostructured doped materials were physically mixed with the graphene nanoplates (GNPs) to improve the flow of charges and the stability of the electrochemistry. The most electrically conductive and common metal sulfides in nature were chosen and prepared using a cheap and easy wet-route method. Crystal structure, chemical functionality, texture, composition, and thermal stability of undoped, doped, and composite materials were determined using physicochemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TGA. N2-adsorption-desorption, current-voltage, and impedance studies show that the composite sample’s surface area, electrical conductivity, and charge transport properties are superior to those of the undoped and doped samples. Regarding electrochemical applications, the composite material supported a glassy carbon electrode (Co–Cu2S/Gr@GCE) with excellent Pb(II) ion sensing activity. Moreover, the sensitivity, detection, and quantification limits of the modified electrode for Pb(II) detection were computed to be 88.68 μAμMcm−2, 0.091 μM, and 0.30 μM, respectively. The key features developed in the metal sulfide for its enhancement of electrochemical sensing activity are a high surface area, good conductivity, and fast electron transport by adopting nanotechnology, metal doping, and composite formation methodologies. Based on the results of the experiments, we can say that using multiple inputs to integrate the feature we want is an excellent way to make electrochemical systems for the next generation.

Combined Defect and Heterojunction Engineering in ZnTe/CoTe2@NC Sulfur Hosts Toward Robust Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are feasible candidates for the next generation of energy storage devices, but the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfides limit their application. Herein, a sulfur host based on nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) coated with small amount of a transition metal telluride (TMT) catalyst is proposed to overcome these limitations. The properties of the sulfur redox catalyst are tuned by adjusting the anion vacancy concentration and engineering a ZnTe/CoTe2 heterostructures. Theoretical calculations and experimental data demonstrate that tellurium vacancies enhance the adsorption of LiPSs, while the formed TMT/TMT and TMT/C heterostructures as well as the overall architecture of the composite simultaneously provide high Li+ diffusion and fast electron transport. As a result, v‐ZnTe/CoTe2@NC/S sulfur cathodes show excellent initial capacities up to 1608 mA h g−1 at 0.1C and stable cycling with an average capacity decay rate of 0.022% per cycle at 1C during 500 cycles. Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.4 mg cm–2, a high capacity of 1273 mA h g−1 at 0.1C is retained, and when reducing the electrolyte to 7.5 µL mg−1, v‐ZnTe/CoTe2@NC/S still maintains a capacity of 890.8 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C.

Self-powered broadband photodetector based on Bi2Se3/GaN pn mixed-dimensional heterojunction with boosted responsivity

Self-powered broadband photodetectors (SPBDs) have received considerable attention because of their significance in optoelectronic applications. However, limited by problems inherent to the material, such as high dislocation density, complex heteroepitaxy processing of bulk materials, and the small photoabsorption cross section in atomically thin layers of two-dimensional materials, SPBD photodetectors with both a wide detection range and attractive response characteristics are difficult to fabricate. To address this difficulty, herein the synthesis of n-Bi2Se3/p-GaN mixed-dimensional heterojunctions by the transfer method and their assembly into SPBD photodetectors are described. This photodetector offers both a wide spectral response range (ultraviolet to mid-infrared) and excellent response characteristics. The high responsivity (24554 A/W, 3V), remarkable Ion/Ioff (223.8), and rapid rise and decay times (τr = 0.063 s and τd = 0.043 s) benefit from both the built-in electric field of the pn junction and the fast electron transport on the surface of topological insulator Bi2Se3. The results of this research should facilitate the use of this emerging material for the design and fabrication of high-performance SPBD photodetectors.

Rational Engineering of p-n Heterogeneous ZnS/SnO2 Quantum Dots with Fast Ion Kinetics for Superior Li/Na-Ion Battery.

Constructing heterogeneous nanostructures is an efficient strategy to improve the electrical and ionic conductivity of metal chalcogenide-based anodes. Herein, ZnS/SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) as p-n heterojunctions that are uniformly anchored to reduced graphene oxides (ZnS-SnO2 @rGO) are designed and engineered. Combining the merits of fast electron transport via the internal electric field and a greatly shortened Li/Na ion diffusion pathway in the ZnS/SnO2 QDs (3-5nm), along with the excellent electrical conductivity and good structural stability provided by the rGO matrix, the ZnS-SnO2 @rGO anode exhibits enhanced electronic and ionic conductivity, which can be proved by both experiments and theoretical calculations. Consequently, the ZnS-SnO2 @rGO anode shows a significantly improved rate performance that simple counterpart composite anodes cannot achieve. Specifically, high reversible specific capacities are achieved for both lithium-ion battery (551mAhg-1 at 5.0Ag-1 , 670mAhg-1 at 3.0Ag-1 after 1400 cycles) and sodium-ion battery (334mAhg-1 at 5.0Ag-1 , 313mAhg-1 at 1.0Ag-1 after 400 cycles). Thus, this strategy to build semiconductor metal sulfides/metal oxide heterostructures at the atomic scale may inspire the rational design of metal compounds for high-performance battery applications.

Heteroatom (N, P)-driven carbon nanomaterials for high-energy storage in supercapacitors

Nanoflower-like hollow carbon sphere (CS) materials with two different heteroatoms doping (N, P) were prepared by a simple synthetic method (NPCS). The specific surface area of NPCS can reach a high value of 396 m2/g. The NPCS has a high degree of hollowness and the self-assembled nanosheet of NPCS forms a fast electron transport channel, and also increases active area in contact with electrolyte. The doping of heteroatoms increases the defect level of the carbon-based nanomaterials and changes the local electron state of the material, thus forming storage sites on the surface of the material, which can be used as a station for ions collecting and distributing. The material was studied as an active material for supercapacitors, and the specific capacitance reached 274.9 F/g. After the 4000th cycle stability test, it still maintained 95.2% of the specific capacitance, indicating that the material has excellent properties of supercapacitor materials.

Hydrothermally synthesized mixed metal oxide nanocomposites for electrochemical water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen production

Here, mixed metal oxide composites CuO/NiO/ZrO2 (CNZr) were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal route, and their electrochemical water splitting, and photocatalytic hydrogen production were further investigated. The CNZr600 composite exhibited the H2 generation rate of 14.27 mmol g−1 h−1, which is greater than that of the CNZr400, CNZr500 composites. The mixed metal oxide composite of CNZr600/NF with numerous catalytically active centers and charge transfer ability furnished minor overpotentials of 218 mV and 372 mV for HER and 400 mV and 540 mV for OER at 10 and 50 mA cm−2, respectively, in potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The alkaline electrolyzer designed by CNZr600/NF requires an appealing operating potential of 1.69 V for efficient H2 production. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed a reduced impedance response for the composites, which was dominated by the relaxation of the intermediate frequency connected with the adsorption of the intermediate. Furthermore, the superior catalytic activities of the mixed metal oxide composites were attributed to their structural properties, high electroactive surface areas, fast electron transport kinetics, and good chemo-electrical bonding between CuO, NiO, and ZrO2. These consequences provide a new vision for the design of mixed metal oxide composite catalysts for low-cost H2 production.

Bimetallic Cu-Fe catalysts on MXene for synergistically electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia

NO3− is a common water pollutant that can serve as a potential nitrogen source for electrocatalytic NH3 production. However, an efficient and complete removal of low NO3− concentrations remains a challenge. Fe1Cu2@MXene bimetallic catalysts were constructed on two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene carriers via a simple solution-based synthetic method and used for the electrocatalytic reduction of NO3−. The combination of the rich functional groups, high electronic conductivity on the MXene surface, and the synergistic effect between the Cu and Fe sites enabled the composite to effectively catalyse NH3 synthesis, with a 98% conversion of NO3− in 8 h and a selectivity for NH3 of up to 99.6%. In addition, Fe1Cu2@MXene showed excellent environmental and cyclic stability at various pH values and temperatures over multiple (14) cycles. Semiconductor analysis techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the synergistic effect provided by the dual active sites of the bimetallic catalyst enabled fast electron transport. This study provides new insights into the synergistic promotion of NO3− reduction reactions using bimetals.

Quasi-2D Lead-Tin Perovskite Memory Devices Fabricated by Blade Coating.

Two terminal passive devices are regarded as one of the promising candidates to solve the processor-memory bottleneck in the Von Neumann computing architectures. Many different materials are used to fabricate memory devices, which have the potential to act as synapses in future neuromorphic electronics. Metal halide perovskites are attractive for memory devices as they display high density of defects with a low migration barrier. However, to become promising for a future neuromorphic technology, attention should be paid on non-toxic materials and scalable deposition processes. Herein, it is reported for the first time the successful fabrication of resistive memory devices using quasi-2D tin-lead perovskite of composition (BA)2 MA4 (Pb0.5 Sn0.5 )5 I16 by blade coating. The devices show typical memory characteristics with excellent endurance (2000 cycles), retention (105 s), and storage stability (3 months). Importantly, the memory devices successfully emulate synaptic behaviors such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, short-term potentiation, and long-term potentiation. A mix of slow (ionic) transport and fast (electronic) transport (charge trapping and de-trapping) is proven to be responsible for the observed resistive switching behavior.

Generic dynamic molecular devices by quantitative non-steady-state proton/water-coupled electron transport kinetics

Dynamic molecular devices operating with time- and history-dependent performance raised new challenges for the fundamental study of microscopic non-steady-state charge transport as well as functionalities that are not achievable by steady-state devices. In this study, we reported a generic dynamic mode of molecular devices by addressing the transient redox state of ubiquitous quinone molecules in the junction by proton/water transfer. The diffusion limited slow proton/water transfer-modulated fast electron transport, leading to a non-steady-state transport process, as manifested by the negative differential resistance, dynamic hysteresis, and memory-like behavior. A quantitative paradigm for the study of the non-steady-state charge transport kinetics was further developed by combining the theoretical model and transient state characterization, and the principle of the dynamic device can be revealed by the numerical simulator. On applying pulse stimulation, the dynamic device emulated the neuron synaptic response with frequency-dependent depression and facilitation, implying a great potential for future nonlinear and brain-inspired devices.

Long-Range Conductivity in Proteins Mediated by Aromatic Residues.

Single-molecule measurements show that many proteins, lacking any redox cofactors, nonetheless exhibit electrical conductance on the order of a nanosiemen over 10 nm distances, implying that electrons can transit an entire protein in less than a nanosecond when subject to a potential difference of less than 1 V. This is puzzling because, for fast transport (i.e., a free energy barrier of zero), the hopping rate is determined by the reorganization energy of approximately 0.8 eV, and this sets the time scale of a single hop to at least 1 μs. Furthermore, the Fermi energies of typical metal electrodes are far removed from the energies required for sequential oxidation and reduction of the aromatic residues of the protein, which should further reduce the hopping current. Here, we combine all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of non-redox-active proteins (consensus tetratricopeptide repeats) with an electron transfer theory to demonstrate a molecular mechanism that can account for the unexpectedly fast electron transport. According to our MD simulations, the reorganization energy produced by the energy shift on charging (the Stokes shift) is close to the conventional value of 0.8 eV. However, the non-ergodic sampling of molecular configurations by the protein results in reaction-reorganization energies, extracted directly from the distribution of the electrostatic energy fluctuations, that are only ∼0.2 eV, which is small enough to enable long-range conductivity, without invoking quantum coherent transport. Using the MD values of the reorganization energies, we calculate a current decay with distance that is in agreement with experiment.

Energy coupling in intense laser solid interactions: Material properties of gold

In the double-cone ignition inertial confinement fusion scheme, a high density deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel is rapidly heated with high-flux fast electrons, which are generated by short and intense laser pulses. A gold cone target is usually used to shorten the distance between the critical surface and the compressed high density DT core. The material properties of the solid gold may affect the generation and transport of fast electrons significantly, among which the effects of ionization and collision are the main concerns. In this work, the effects of ionization, collision, and blow-off plasma on the laser energy absorption rate are investigated using the LAPINS code: A three-stage model is adopted to explain the mechanism of fast electron generation and the change in the laser energy absorption rate. With the increase in the charge state of Au ions, the laser–plasma interaction transfers to the later stage, resulting in a decrease in the laser energy absorption rate. Collision has both beneficial and harmful effects. On the one hand, collision provides a thermal pressure, which makes it easier for electrons to escape into the potential well in front of the target and be accelerated in the second stage. On the other hand, collision increases stopping power and suppress electron recirculation within the target in the third stage. The vacuum sheath field behind the target enhances the electron circulation inside the target and, thus, improves the laser energy absorption; however, this effect will be suppressed when the blow-off plasma density behind the target increases or collision is considered.

Facile Synthesizing Yolk-Shelled Fe3O4@Carbon Nanocavities with Balanced Physiochemical Synergism as Efficient Hosts for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The severe “shuttle effect” of dissolved polysulfide intermediates and the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur cathodes cause capacity decay of lithium–sulfur batteries and impede their commercialization. Herein, we synthesized a series of well-designed yolk-shelled Fe3O4@carbon (YS-Fe3O4@C) nanocavities with different proportions of Fe3O4 as efficient sulfur hosts to stabilize polysulfide intermediates. The yolk-shelled nanocavity architectures were prepared through a facile method, which could effectively confine the active materials and achieve high conductivity. The polysulfide intermediate shuttle was successfully suppressed by a physiochemical synergism effect combining the retention of carbon shells and the adsorption of Fe3O4 nanoparticle cores. The highly conductive carbon shell provides efficient pathways for fast electron transportation. Meanwhile, the visible evolution of active materials and a reversible electrochemical reaction are revealed by in situ X-ray diffraction. With the balanced merits of enhanced electrical conductivity of carbon shell and optimal adsorption of Fe3O4 cores, the S/YS-27Fe3O4@C cathode (Fe3O4 accounts for 27 wt% in YS-Fe3O4@C) had the best electrochemical performance, exhibiting a high reversible specific capacity of 731.9 mAh g−1 and long cycle performance at 1 C (capacity fading rate of 0.03% over 200 cycles).

Cobalt-Iron Oxyhydroxide Obtained from the Metal Phosphide: A Highly Effective Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at High Current Densities.

The development of high current density anodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is fundamental to manufacturing practical and reliable electrochemical cells. In this work, we have developed a bimetallic electrocatalyst based on cobalt-iron oxyhydroxide that shows outstanding performance for water oxidation. Such a catalyst is obtained from cobalt-iron phosphide nanorods that serve as sacrificial structures for the formation of a bimetallic oxyhydroxide through phosphorous loss concomitantly to oxygen/hydroxide incorporation. CoFeP nanorods are synthesized using a scalable method using triphenyl phosphite as a phosphorous precursor. They are deposited without the use of binders on nickel foam to enable fast electron transport, a highly effective surface area, and a high density of active sites. The morphological and chemical transformation of the CoFeP nanoparticles is analyzed and compared with the monometallic cobalt phosphide in alkaline media and under anodic potentials. The resulting bimetallic electrode presents a Tafel slope as low as 42 mV dec-1 and low overpotentials for OER. For the first time, an anion exchange membrane electrolysis device with an integrated CoFeP-based anode was tested at a high current density of 1 A cm-2, demonstrating excellent stability and Faradaic efficiency near 100%. This work opens up a way for using metal phosphide-based anodes for practical fuel electrosynthesis devices.

Highly porous ZnO modified with photochemical deposition of silver nanostructure for ultra-sensitive triethylamine detection

Doping noble metals into semiconductor based gas sensors was proved to be an effective strategy in improving gas response properties. Here, we report a silver/silver (II) oxide nanoparticles (Ag/AgO NPs) modified highly porous ZnO nanocomposite. Firstly, the Ag NPs were evenly deposited on the surface of flower-like ZnCO3 precursors through a simple photochemical reduction method, which was then heated at 400 °C to give highly porous Ag/AgO/ZnO nanocomposite, accompaning with the dissociation of ZnCO3 after release of CO2. The interleaving ultrathin and porous sheet-like features of Ag/AgO/ZnO nanocomposite afford it excellent triethylamine (TEA) sensing performance with Ra/Rg = 90.3 at an operating temperature of 240 °C, and the response sensitivity is 5.5-fold higher than that of pure ZnO. Specifically, the porous Ag/AgO/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited a fast response/recovery time of 53 s/8 s and oustanding long-term cyclic stability. The enhanced gas sensing performance can be attributed to the sensitization of Ag/AgO NPs, significantly increasing the number of oxygen vacancies and thus providing more reactive sites. The synergistic interaction between Ag/AgO NPs and porous ZnO nanosheets also facilitates a fast electron transport and a high permeability for gas molecules. This work displays a feasible way of coupling photochemical reduction and pyrolysis strategy to develop highly porous ZnO nanosheets functionalized by noble metal NPs with remarkably enhanced gas response property.

SnS-rGO heterojunction: Fabrication, characterization, and visible light-induced optoelectronic performance analysis

In this article, the orthorhombic phase of pristine SnS and SnS-rGO nanostructures with different concentrations of graphene oxide was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The cracking of FESEM images in SnS-25rGO nanostructures shows the substitution of sulfur with the oxygen of the functional groups of graphene oxide. Also, the effect of the concentration of graphene oxide was investigated on the optoelectronic efficiency of fabricated devices. The optoelectronic characterization shows that by adding graphene oxide and increasing its concentration, the semi-circle radius in the EIS analysis and the amount of photocurrent decreased and increased, respectively. These results indicate the fast transport and transfer of electrons to the substrates and the effective separation of electron-hole pairs. Finally, the calculations showed that by increasing the concentration of graphene oxide in the SnS-rGO nanostructures, the visible-light-induced optoelectronic parameters of photosensitivity, photoresponsivity, specific detectivity, and external quantum efficiency of these nanostructures significantly improved. These parameters were obtained for the SnS-25rGO nanostructure as 204, 59.88 mA/cm2, 5.98 × 1010 jones, and 166.85, respectively, each of which increased several times compared to the optoelectronic parameters of the pristine SnS. Therefore, this multiplicity increase makes these SnS-rGO nanostructures suitable for photodetector applications.

Confined growth of 3D ordered, highly curved MoS2 frameworks for superior lithium-ion storage

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but its practical application is limited by poor cycling stability and low rate capability. Herein, we propose a facile mesopore-confined growth approach to synthesize 3D ordered, graphene-supported, highly curved MoS2 frameworks (named MoS2@OMGSs) for superior lithium-ion storage. The graphene-encapsulated and highly curved MoS2 leads to enhanced cycling stability. Meanwhile, the ordered mesoporous superstructures of carbon hosts enable fast electron and ion transport, resulting in excellent rate capability. Specifically, MoS2@OMGSs displays high specific capacities of 1350 and 400 mAh g−1 at current densities of 0.1 and 10 A g−1, respectively, along with excellent cycling stability of 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The work paves the way for further development of well-defined electrode materials for high-performance LIBs.