Exports Of Goods Research Articles

Несырьевой неэнергетический экспорт в регионах (на примере республики Саха (Якутия))

Theories of economic growth assume a significant impact of exports of processed goods. The state task of reorienting the raw material economy assumes real growth of exports of non-resource non-energy goods in the regions. In order to develop proposals for the development of NNE in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) with the analysis of data from the Federal Customs Service of Russia, official statistics and professional communities using general scientific and private methods, the authors conclude that the set goals can be achieved only as a result of taking cardinal measures to support exports with prioritization by sectoral principle

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ: ДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ, ТЕНДЕНЦИИ, ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЯ И САНКЦИОННЫЕ СЛОЖНОСТИ

The article reflects the current characteristics of the actual state of international trade in recent years, examines the appropriate forms of Russia’s participation in it, and evaluates the parameters and influencing economic interests realized through the export and import of goods. Special emphasis is placed on the emerging processes of dynamics of indicators of commodity products exported and imported by Russia, both in total dimensions and scales, and trends. The problems of the organization of commodity production by methods of import substitution, deterrence of gray imports, as well as black, due to the sanctions difficulties of international trade too, are highlighted.

МІЖНАРОДНІ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИНИ УКРАЇНИ ТА АРГЕНТИНИ

The relevance of the problem of international politics is constantly growing. Due to the drastic changes in the world and the aggravation of global problems, their unsolvedness endangers the existence of humanity. The solution to the problems of the world community will depend on the policy of the states in the international arena. International relations is a system of a set of political, economic, social, diplomatic, legal, military and humanitarian ties and relations between the main subjects of the world community, which include peoples, states, public forces, movements and organizations. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to relations with other states and maintain partnership relations with them. An example can be the analysis of international relations between Ukraine and Argentina. It includes the study of commodity and political relations, labor movement, political relations in the international arena. The article covers the main aspects of international relations between Ukraine and Argentina. The main purpose of the study is to identify key issues, prospects and risks regarding the relationship between the Republic of Argentina and the Ukrainian state before the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war and in the current conditions. As a result, the following tasks were set: to investigate the peculiarities of the trade relations of both countries; determine the number of migrants between countries and the limits of their resettlement; to pay attention to the cooperation of countries in the field of culture; to analyze the position of Argentina regarding the invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine; to analyze the possibility of further development of relations between Ukraine and Argentina. The work presents data on the export and import of goods between states, describes the stages of population migration to Argentina, describes examples of cultural ties between states. The international position of Argentina regarding the Russian-Ukrainian war and its actions in accordance with it are highlighted, attention is paid to the possibility of changing this position in connection with the coming to power of the new president of Argentina, and some agreements that contributed to the improvement of relations before the full-scale invasion are given between Argentina and Ukraine.

The Importance of The Natural Resource ‘Palm Oil’ for The Malaysian Economy and Its Role in Sustainable Development

The research has indicated the manner in which the Malaysian economy moved from a purely exporter of primary goods to one which has become a major world exporter of processed palm oil. The emphasis on this product helped the economy in achieving success in major economic goals like reduction in poverty, inequality and enhancement of income of the marginalized. The impact on the environment is being successfully addressed by following certain steps.

Finding Out Internal Challenges Influencing Ugandan SMEs Exporting Agro-Processed Products.

This study sought to find out challenges facing Ugandan Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) exporting agro-processed products in Uganda. The main objective was specifically on internal challenges. The study adopted the mixed methodology design on a sample of 48 using a self-administered questionnaires and an interview guide. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative data methods. The study revealed that internal Capital Base (Mean=4.145), Sales and Price Trends (Mean=3.262), Reliable Supply of Resources (Mean=3.105) and Reliable Overseas Market (Mean=3.72) and Insufficient Production Capacity (Mean=3.351) are the challenges influencing Ugandan SMEs exporting agro-processed products. Regression analysis revealed that the coefficient of determination (r2) had value of 0.539 which implies that independent variables under internal challenges explain 53.9% influence on SMEs exportation of agro-processed goods. It was therefore concluded that, both internal and external challenges hinder SMEs from exploiting the available opportunities in the external markets for their agro-processed products. Therefore, the study recommended, there is an urgent need to improve agricultural statistics, for both the public and private sector actors to better plan policies, interventions and investments in the field of agro-processing and to be in a position to accurately monitor progress, impact and outcomes.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКСПОРТУ-ІМПОРТУ В НИНІШНІХ УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

In the context of a full-scale war, there are many challenges to ensuring successful foreign economic activity in Ukraine. There are difficulties with exports and imports of goods that are related to military operations. Therefore, it is important to consider the state regulation of export and import in the current conditions of war. The article is based on the analysis of scientific papers which discuss the peculiarities of state regulation of exports and imports, as well as the analysis of current regulations which are evidence of changes in the state regulation of exports and imports. The article analyses the general features of the state regulation of exports and imports in Ukraine before the outbreak of a full-scale war in general and under martial law, and also identifies how the current changes affect the state of exports and imports in Ukraine. The main trends in the development of exports and imports in recent years are identified. The general aspects of the state regulation of export and import in the context of the state regulation of foreign economic activity are clarified. The ways of state regulation of exports and imports are identified. The importance of state regulation of exports and imports is considered. The main changes that have taken place in the state regulation of exports and imports in the context of a full-scale war are presented. The features of modern changes are considered and their impact on the state of exports and imports is determined. Among the current changes are: simplification of customs legislation, simplification of obtaining a licence for foreign economic activity, simplification of importation of goods, changes to taxation of exports and imports of certain categories of goods, changes to import and export of certain goods, etc. The author emphasises the need for further changes in order to improve exports and imports in Ukraine, in particular, by providing state support for exports. The study is of great scientific importance, since there are not enough scientific works that address the current aspects of state regulation of exports and imports under martial law. The analysis underlines the importance of this issue for modern science and the need for further research in this area.

Features of the enterprises foreign economic activity strategy in crisis conditions

In the article, the author analyzed the dynamics of Ukraine's foreign trade indicators for the period 2021–2023 (exports, imports, trade balance). It was established that the volume of foreign trade in Ukraine changed significantly after the beginning of 2022 due to the introduction of martial law, the breakdown of economic ties and problems with logistics at sea and on land. It was determined that the situation in the export sphere of Ukraine in 2023 is critical, it has worsened even in comparison with 2022. It is noted that the rate of reduction in the export of goods exceeds the rate of reduction in their import, which increased the negative balance indicator (especially in 2023). This situation is caused by the need to increase the volume of procurement of strategically important military goods and the corresponding support. It has been established that the state of war in Ukraine as a specific legal regime has completely changed the conditions of conducting foreign economic activity, which has led to the negative dynamics of export-import trade in goods. At the same time, trade-in services became impossible. It was noted that the legislation does not contain direct restrictions or bans on export-import, and the main measures were the embargo and the actual suspension of customs clearance of the goods of the aggressor countries. This led to the reorientation of foreign economic activity to other countries, in particular EU countries, which became more promising. The peculiarities of the strategy of the enterprise's foreign economic activity in crisis conditions are determined, in particular: a personalized approach; paying more attention to the logistics component; the complex nature of making changes in all business components; quick adaptation to changes in the external environment of international business; functional orientation and connections with competitive, resource, product and other types of strategies; different from existing management approaches due to the need to ensure international (global) competitiveness; formation and use of the enterprise's export potential in the long term; the obligation to ensure the survival and stability of the operation of the enterprise; conformity of the quality of export products with international standards; a significant difference in the product range and models of export products from the domestic market; the need to change the organizational structure, take into account legislative and other restrictions on the company's entry into the market of another country, and others.

Венчурные инвестиции в Израиле: влияние на экономику и технологическое развитие

Israel is one of the world's leading countries in attracting venture capital, which has largely determined Israel's success in building an innovative economy. This study analyzes the dynamics of venture capital investment in Israel from 1991 to 2021 and assesses the correlation between the level of such investment and the level of foreign direct investment, as well as the impact of venture capital investment on the growth of the technological sector of GDP. It is revealed that venture capital investment stimulates the growth of the high-tech sector of Israel’s GDP, and this provides a cumulative positive effect on other sectors of the economy. The stimulating effect of venture capital investment is reflected in an increase of exports of goods and services, citizens’ incomes and the growth of the country’s GDP. The relevance of the topic of the article is confirmed by the immediacy of the problem of attracting venture capital in the Russian Federation and in most developing countries of the world: for them, there is an objective need to resolve the issues related both to the state policy in the field of attracting venture capital and to the creation of infrastructure for the development of the technological innovation sector of the economy.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE MARKET OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE

The article considers the study of the theoretical foundations, implementation and prospects of innovative technologies in the market of agricultural products in Ukraine. The intensity of the development of digital trade in terms of volume and scale due to the introduction of artificial intelligence, which has the potential for the digital transformation of trade by significantly reducing geographical barriers, has been established. It is certain that a significant impetus to the development of innovations in trade in Ukraine, as well as in other countries of the world, was given by crisis events, namely, the pandemic, then military actions. In crisis conditions, digital technologies in trade have a significant advantage over traditional ones, because they allow the consumer to order goods without putting their life at risk. We studied the sector of domestic trade in agricultural products for the use of advanced technologies. The purpose of the work was to highlight the trends in the development of advanced technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine, to determine the influence of factors that shape the market and consumer trends on the innovative development of trading platforms, innovative challenges in the field of trade in agricultural products. Innovations in the trade of economically developed countries of the world and Ukraine are considered, in particular, the most developed and promising ones are highlighted. The main aspects of the state and trends of trade development in Ukraine are characterized. The analysis of statistical information and research has established the dominance of large business enterprises, although the trend of positive innovative movement of medium-sized businesses can be traced. It has been determined that in recent years, import operations significantly outweigh export operations, this is especially noticeable from the analysis of the results of 2022. The comparative analysis of indicators of the activity of trading enterprises in Ukraine for 2020-2023 using the example of the index of the physical turnover of retail trade proved its fluctuations depending on the crisis phenomena in the country. In particular, the export of goods decreased by 26.1%, and the import increased by 11.2%, which resulted in a negative balance. The largest share of trade during the studied periods was with EU countries, in 2023 it increased to 56%, while the share of exports decreased by 10%. Since the beginning of active hostilities, the country’s economic activity shows signs of stabilization, but this trend will depend on foreign economic relations with partner countries. It has been proven that the leading trend in the development of progressive technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine is the increase in the confidence of buyers in purchasing via the Internet. Furthermore, a critical element of digital commerce is an effective cybersecurity management plan that balances technology, geopolitical relations, government capacity; supports market reputation, and public-private cooperation.

Мировая торговля: долгосрочные тренды и структурные сдвиги

The paper considers long-term trends of global trade and there structural changes. We determine the elasticity of trade to GDP and the dynamics of the ratio of goods and services exports, as well as structural shifts in the major countries and regions of the world. The case study was focused on the USA–China trade relations and contradictions. Since 2007, PRC is the undisputed world’s largest exporter of goods. According to author’s estimates, in 2022 China was ahead of the United States in the total merchandise export by 1.5 trillion dollars. This corresponds to 6.3% of total world exports or 5.8% of US GDP. The trade war unleashed by former president D. Trump administration in 2018–2019 inevitably resulted in a decline in bilateral trade. However, this was just a temporary trend. The recent WTO statistics shows that US imports from China recovered by 2021 both in general volume and in the main categories of goods, both for intermediate and final consumption. Moreover, in 2022 its value, in particular for the analyzed commodity groups (aluminum, iron and steel) exceeded the indicators of 2017–2018. The author argues that, most importantly, there are long-term and fundamental implications of the trade conflict between the US and China rather than a transient decrease in mutual trade between the two flagships of globalization. In particular, it substantially exacerbated the protectionist biases in the international trade policies that became evident after the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. It triggered appearance of new rapidly rising actors at the international trade field such as India and Brazil. This points at major underlying shifts in the global production and supplies schemes. Basically, tensions between the two flagships of globalization produced much higher uncertainty in the global trade which, in the next decade, is unlikely to show the dynamics comparable to that of the period 2002–2008.

Foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova: analysis, evaluation and perspectives

This research is dedicated the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova and the goal is to is to analyze the foreign trade of the country, identify the challenges, analyze and evaluate the situation in this domain. The trade policy of the Republic of Moldova is the main component of the country's economic policy and is aimed at developing foreign economic relations, in particular by promoting exports, protecting the national economy from foreign competition, regulating and monitoring imports and maintaining the trade balance. The analysis in this research was based on information from national and international scientific research, data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova, data from national and international Reports. The amount of foreign trade in goods in the first half of 2023, decreased by 3.4% compared to the same period of the previous year. Thus, the volume of foreign trade in goods in this period amounted to 6413.8 million USD. Exports of goods decreased by 10.9% or 249.2 million USD, while imports increased by 0.5% which amounts to 21 million USD. In recent years there have been important changes in Moldova's foreign trade. The EU being the main partner, this is due to the international relations, namely the cooperation and partnership process with the European Union. These relations also have a favorable impact on the development of the Moldovan economy and play an important role in strengthening the country. At the same time, the EU supports small and medium-sized enterprises by providing financial support in the form of grants, loans, coaching and advisory support. EU financial support is aligned with the DCFTA objective and represents a favorable framework for increasing exports, enhancing the competitiveness of domestic producers, diversifying relations with European and international business partners, increasing the productivity of companies by streamlining production processes and efficient use of natural resources, improving the quality management of enterprises by increasing the quality of domestic products and services.

Advanced Technology Investment, Transfer, Export and Import: Determinants or Predictors of Economic Growth and Inflation Fluctuations?

Investments, scientific patents, export and import of high-tech goods and services stimulate the country’s technological development, contribute to economic growth, job creation, the formation of a qualified workforce, and the maintenance of social living standards of the population. At the same time, the ecosystem supporting technological innovation is largely dependent on macroeconomic stability in the country, inflationary fluctuations, etc. Based on this, the article examines systemic interrelationships between the factors of technological development (export and import of computer, information, telecommunications and other high-tech goods and services, investments in advanced research and technologies, volumes of transfer of rights to new technological developments, as well as general the level of coverage of the population by information technologies and innovativeness of the country) and macroeconomic development (gross domestic and national product, inflation rate). The research was carried out using the method of Principal component analysis, canonical analysis, panel regression modeling on the data of 11 countries with developed economies for 2011 and 2021 (World Bank and WIPO statistical databases). From 14 indicators of technological development, the 8 most relevant ones were selected using the method of Principal component analysis; by means of canonical analysis, it was found that 32.503% (in 2011) and 37.557% (in 2021) of their variation is due to changes in the studied macroeconomic indicators. On the other hand, the change in macroeconomic indicators by 46.497% (in 2011) and 38.739% (in 2021) is caused by the variation of indicators of investment, transfer, export and import of advanced technologies. Thus, macroeconomic dynamics depend much more on technological development, and not vice versa. Based on the conducted panel regression modeling, a statistically significant dependence of the inflation index on the share of the population that is Internet users and the country’s place in the Global Innovation Index was revealed. GDP per capita was found to be dependent on the share of exports of high-tech goods and services, the share of exports of goods in the field of information and communication technologies, the share of the population that are Internet users, the country’s place in the Global Innovation Index. State investments in research and technological development turned out to be dependent on the inflation index, the share of imports of computer, information and other services, the share of exports of goods in the field of information and communication technologies, the share of the population that are Internet users, and the country’s place in the Global Innovation Index.

Legal Analysis and Socio-Economic Implication Post-Trade Dispute Decision between Indonesia-Brazil in the World Trade Organization (WTO)

Indonesia participates actively in international trade and is a member country of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In this case, Indonesia made regulations regarding guarantees for halal products, this became an obstacle to importing Brazilian chicken meat. Because of that, Brazil suffered a loss and sued Indonesia for restricting trade. The regulation is also considered to violate existing WTO policies. Dispute settlement is carried out by an institution under the auspices of the WTO, namely the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). In its decision, Indonesia was declared guilty and violated the provisions in force at the WTO. The result of the lawsuit decision is that Indonesia must revise regulations related to inhibiting the entry of chicken meat products from Brazil. If Indonesia does not ratify or does not want to adjust its regulations regarding the import and export of goods, there will be sanctions that will have a major impact on Indonesia's international relations.

Логистика как драйвер развития торгово-экономического сотрудничества «Россия – Африка»

Russia and Africa have a long history of trade relations, including the export and import of various goods and services. In recent years, the ways of cooperation have become more active and diverse. The list of the main African countries – trade and economic partners of the Russian Federation is given. The increase in export supplies from Russia to African countries and the increased interest of African countries in Russian goods and services create new opportunities for the development of mutually beneficial relations. The development of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Africa in modern conditions has led to the need to create efficient and sustainable logistics routes between these two regions. The relevance of the formation of new logistics routes is substantiated and the potential benefits that they can bring to both sides, including economic growth, strengthening trade ties and increasing competitiveness, are investigated. The key factors influencing the formation of these routes, such as geographical location, infrastructure capabilities, customs procedures, transport networks and communications, are analyzed. Prospects for the development of new logistics routes to the African continent associated with the continuation of the North-South transport and logistics corridor were noted. The challenges and problems that countries face when creating new logistics routes are considered, and recommendations for overcoming them are proposed. The effective formation of new logistics routes between Russia and Africa can potentially lead to stimulating economic growth, developing trade and strengthening relations between the regions.

EXPORT SAGA AT THE SEA

The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the stages of country's export saga. The country is an island, Iceland, a remote island in the north. The export saga spans more than a thousand years, from Viking settlement to the present day. The introduction provides an overview, followed by a story about the generation born a few years before World War II and what life was like before and after the start of significant fish exports. Secondly, it discusses the evolution of exports from Iceland in terms of the goods that dominate exports. Thirdly, it analyses whether the nature of exports has changed in response to the significant export opportunities that have opened up to the US and, subsequently, to Europe with the formation of the EU, EFTA and NAFTA. For a long time, the export of goods in the form of fish has been important for Iceland. In this context, two export stories from Iceland can be told. The export of services in the form of tourism has become more important than the export of goods in recent years. This development is in line with the theory that the more a country develops, the more it shifts its exports from goods to services - which is visible in Iceland's exports, as tourism is classified as a service export in the national accounts, the international standard. The country's export story can be seen as a twilight saga in the stormy seas of international development. The methodology used is based on the popular business SWOT analysis, which allows to assess the benefits of exporting over time. This method helps to assess the following factors: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The results of a SWOT analysis depend on the factor being assessed: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities or Threats. The matrix approach to SWOT analysis has been structured to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The method has been highly regarded by business researchers. There are several practical implications, and they relate to all dimensions of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Last but not least, the study includes several factors related to value/originality in the industry, which implies issues that exporters should bear in mind and take into account if they start any international activity in the form of exporting fish cargo to other countries.

Development of a simulation model of the activities of a transport and forwarding enterprise in the organization of international road cargo transportation

The object of this study is the process of planning the work of a transport and forwarding company when serving different categories of customers who need organizational support for the delivery of goods by road transport in international traffic. The solved problem is due to the need to devise recommendations for organizing the work of forwarders when interacting with customers of transport and forwarding services that export or import different categories of cargo. A simulation model of the transport and forwarding company’s work in customer service was developed and implemented in the GPSS World simulation automation package. The model provides for the optimization of organizational and management processes in cooperation with customers of transport and forwarding services. When developing the model, the duration of the types of work in which freight forwarders are involved in the export and import of goods by road transport was taken into account. The model also predicts the probability of errors in the forwarder’s work and the duration of their elimination. The application of the developed model in practice will enable the owners of transport and forwarding companies to plan the full-time number of forwarders and the duration of service provision under different conditions of interaction with customers. The simulation results reflect the performance indicators of the enterprise in serving different categories of customers. This will make it possible to optimize the work of the enterprise by planning personnel support. At the same time, the duration of transport and forwarding services will be reduced by 10–15 %, the capacity of the enterprise will increase by 6–11 %, and the reliability of service provision will increase by 8–14 %

PROCESSING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

In the conditions of complex geopolitical situations, economic declines are manifested in individual countries, the level of uncertainty increases, and the degree of dependence of national economies on changes in the prices of mineral resources increases. In recent years, the negative trends in the industry, especially in the processing industry, have become more prominent in the RA in the absence of a clear industrial policy and unreasonable definition of priorities. In the article, an analysis of the state of the RA processing industry was made, based on economic growth, employment and export indicators. The research was carried out for the last decade, for some indicators, on a five-year basis. As a result of the study of the RA industry sector, certain positive and negative tendencies and patterns have emerged. It refers to the change in production volume and export dynamics. The positive effect of the improvement of indicators after 2020 on the RA economy is noticeable, but the rate of growth of the same indicators over the decade is very moderate. Therefore, it can be noted that there have been no positive developments in the RA economy, and the share of industry in the GDP structure continues to be inferior to the trade and service sector. At the same time, the indicator of economic complexity was low based on the trends in the export of industrial goods.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ВАНТАЖНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИМ ТРАНСПОРТОМ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article analyzes trends in freight traffic within 2022-2023 years. The data on the number of dispatched freight cars and volumes of cargo transportation have been processed. Changes in the logistical component since the beginning of the invasion of the aggressor country are considered. An important logistical component should include the change of routes due to the destruction of railway tracks and fixed track structures, blockouts of ports. Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine railway logistics has undergone drastic changes, i.e., a large number of cargoes went to western cross-overs instead of ports. As reported by the State Customs Service, the export of goods from Ukraine in 2022 decreased by 35% to 44.2 billion dollars. As usual, the agro-industrial and mining and metallurgical complexes, which provided more than ⅔ of goods and more than half of total exports, became the leaders in terms of export volumes under the martial law period. The leaders in export value among goods are grain crops, sunflower oil and ferrous metals. Based on the results of 2022, the export of metal collapsed more than three times, to 4.5 billion dollars. The mining and metallurgical complex of Ukraine suffered from the war much more than other sectors of the economy. About 40% of metallurgical capacities were captured or destroyed in Mariupol, namely, metallurgical plants of the MMK named after Ilich and PrJSC «Azovstal», the average loading of other capacities in 2022 was at the level of 30%. Plus, unlike the grain market, which has the opportunity to export its products through large ports even despite the unstable operation of the «grain corridor», the main routes for the mining and metallurgical complex still remain the western cross-overs and the Danube. It was determined that, against the background of the above-mentioned factors, the railcar-building industry in Ukraine underwent changes in the production of freight wagons in 2022-2023, that is, fewer orders for open-top wagons, and the active construction of platforms and other special-purpose wagons, as well as the production of bogies for the European track. Despite the difficulties, some of the domestic enterprises quickly found their way in today's realities and even managed to increase production. It has been established that the main domestic manufacturers of freight cars during the war were PrJSC «Dniprovagonmash», PJSC «Kryukiv Carriage Building Plant», LLC «DMZ «Karpaty», JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia», the Aurum Group company, and concerning repairsб the company «Lemtrans» should be singled out.

Аnalysis and audit of the effectiveness of sustainable development of economic entities

Main problem: In today's global business environment, meat processing businesses are faced with the inevitable need to ensure sustainable development, especially in the context of exports. One of the key issues that requires attention is the effectiveness of accounting and risk management during exports, which affects the stability of business and the economy as a whole. The purpose of this article is to study the sustainability indicators of an enterprise exporting its products. The main objective of the article is to conduct a detailed analysis of the sustainability indicators of an exporting enterprise, identify factors influencing the success of their activities, and develop recommendations for ensuring sustainable development in the international environment. Methods: When writing this article, a study was conducted that included an analysis of the current situation in the field of export of goods, in particular, a study of export volumes, main trading partners and the structure of exported goods. Approaches to analyzing the structure of exports of meat products include determining the share of each type of product in total exports, as well as identifying the main trading partners based on sales volumes abroad. Results and their significance: The article identifies key factors influencing the sustainable development of enterprises in the context of export activities. The results of the analysis allow us to develop recommendations and strategies for improving accounting and risk management during exports, which can help strengthen business sustainability. The results obtained serve as the basis for creating effective strategies and recommendations to improve business sustainability in the export environment. This can be an important contribution to the development of a sustainable economy and increased competitiveness of enterprises. Risk assessment and management are important for sustainability when exporting goods. It is recommended to use financial instruments, create reserves, and organize training to improve risk management and financial stability when exporting.

Effect of Markov Chain and System of Linear Equations on the Analysis of Nigerian Current Account Net

The idea behind Markov chain model and system of equations cannot be emphasized in terms of modeling physical systems like the Nigerian Current Account formation; since each finite state communicates for suitable decisions making. So this paper studied stochastic analysis of Markov chain on NCA data (2004-2022). The NCA data were transformed into 3-steps transition probability matrix solution to cover the number of independent years. From the transition matrix of stochastic analysis showed that in 2004-2012 has the highest probability of reducing in payments by 72%, the year 2005-2013 has the highest probability of reducing by 66% and finally in 2014-2022 has the highest probability of no-change in payments of goods and services by 3.3%. The future NCA data changes were known by introducing the concepts of percentages in each interval of years as column vectors where system of linear equations were developed and solutions were obtained to guide Nigerian economy on various levels of imports and exports of goods and services. Lastly, other statistical disparities were also considered and well discussed accordingly. These results are informative to Nigerian economy to effectively take vital decisions in their investment plans.