ФОРМУВАННЯ ВАНТАЖНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИМ ТРАНСПОРТОМ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Abstract

The article analyzes trends in freight traffic within 2022-2023 years. The data on the number of dispatched freight cars and volumes of cargo transportation have been processed. Changes in the logistical component since the beginning of the invasion of the aggressor country are considered. An important logistical component should include the change of routes due to the destruction of railway tracks and fixed track structures, blockouts of ports. Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine railway logistics has undergone drastic changes, i.e., a large number of cargoes went to western cross-overs instead of ports. As reported by the State Customs Service, the export of goods from Ukraine in 2022 decreased by 35% to 44.2 billion dollars. As usual, the agro-industrial and mining and metallurgical complexes, which provided more than ⅔ of goods and more than half of total exports, became the leaders in terms of export volumes under the martial law period. The leaders in export value among goods are grain crops, sunflower oil and ferrous metals. Based on the results of 2022, the export of metal collapsed more than three times, to 4.5 billion dollars. The mining and metallurgical complex of Ukraine suffered from the war much more than other sectors of the economy. About 40% of metallurgical capacities were captured or destroyed in Mariupol, namely, metallurgical plants of the MMK named after Ilich and PrJSC «Azovstal», the average loading of other capacities in 2022 was at the level of 30%. Plus, unlike the grain market, which has the opportunity to export its products through large ports even despite the unstable operation of the «grain corridor», the main routes for the mining and metallurgical complex still remain the western cross-overs and the Danube. It was determined that, against the background of the above-mentioned factors, the railcar-building industry in Ukraine underwent changes in the production of freight wagons in 2022-2023, that is, fewer orders for open-top wagons, and the active construction of platforms and other special-purpose wagons, as well as the production of bogies for the European track. Despite the difficulties, some of the domestic enterprises quickly found their way in today's realities and even managed to increase production. It has been established that the main domestic manufacturers of freight cars during the war were PrJSC «Dniprovagonmash», PJSC «Kryukiv Carriage Building Plant», LLC «DMZ «Karpaty», JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia», the Aurum Group company, and concerning repairsб the company «Lemtrans» should be singled out.