Excessive Accumulation Of Body Fat Research Articles

Fish oil capsule supplementation in children with obesity reduced c-reactive protein and improved blood pressure

Introduction: Excessive accumulation of body fat in obesity increases morbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood pressure in children with obesity. Methods: Fifty obese children, aged 6-10 years, were randomly assigned to the supplementation group (n=25) who received EPA and DHA supplementation or to the placebo group (n=25) for eight weeks. The trial was done in a single centre in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Randomisation and allocation to the trial group were done by a computer system. The primary analysis was comparing the blood pressure and hs-CRP level between groups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) tests were done to compare the differences between groups, with a p-value <0.05 considered as significant. Results: A total of 44 children completed the study, 24 (54.5%) were males and 20 (45.5%) were females. Initially, the systolic/diastolic blood pressure and hs-CRP level in the supplementation and placebo groups were 109.5/72.7 mmHg and 3.5 mg/L, 107.9/68.4 mmHg and 2.8 mg/L, respectively. At the end, they were 106.3/67.7 mmHg and 1.7 mg/L, and 108.1/71.8 mmHg and 2.8 mg/L, respectively. Systolic-, diastolic blood pressure and hs-CRP level were decreased by -2.6 mmHg (95% CI: -6.9 to 1.6; p=0.220), -7.5 mmHg (95% CI: -12.4 to -2.6; p=0.004), and -1.15 mg/L (95% CI: -2.1 to -0.2; p=0.022), respectively. Conclusion: EPA and DHA supplementation in obese children showed significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure and hs-CRP level.

Association analysis of FTO gene polymorphisms rs9939609 and obesity risk among the adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundObesity typically results from a variety of causes and factors which contribute, genetics included, and style of living choices, and described as excessive body fat accumulation of body fat lead to excessive body, is a chronic disorder that combines pathogenic environmental and genetic factors. So, the current study objective was to investigate the of the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism and the obesity risk. Explaining the relationship between fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 polymorphism and obesity in adults. MethodsIdentify research exploring the association between the obesity risk and the variation polymorphisms of FTO gene rs9939609. We combined the modified odds ratios (OR) as total groups and subgroups. A stable and random effect processes with standard mean division was used to evaluate the outcomes of this study in dominant and recessive groups. The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to explain the relationship of FTO rs9939609 and obesity. ResultsThis meta-analysis comprised 8 eligible studies including 4109 participants, comprising of 2441 cases and 1668 control measures. Meta-analysis outcomes exposed that a significant difference (P < 0.05) of the FTO genotypes appeared between the obese and the control groups. The FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms were associated significantly with the increased risk of obesity in five genotypes of adults: the AA + AT vs. TT genotypes, OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.34–1.77, p = 0.00001; the AA vs. AT + TT genotypes, OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.16–1.69, p = 0.0004; the AA vs. TT genotypes, OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.45–2.21, p = 0.00001; the AT vs. TT genotypes, OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.26–1.72, p = 0.00001; and the A vs. T alleles, OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.26–1.53, p = 0.00001). ConclusionThis meta-analysis reveals that the FTO gene polymorphism rs9939609 is correlated with the increasing obesity risk and A allele is also considered as a risk factor for the obesity susceptibility.

A CASE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LEKHAN BASTI WITH UDVARTANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STHAULYA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OBESITY

To study the effect of Lekhan Basti with Udavartana in the Management of Sthaulya. The study was conducted to evaluate cost effective and convenient treatment for Sthaulya in Ayurved. Obesity means accumulation of excess body fat in the body. Obesity increases various disease and complications particularly Cardio-vascular diseases, Type 2 Diabetes, Obstructive sleep apnea, Cancer, Osteoarthritis and Depression. As per Modern medicine, the management of Obesity include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery advised but medications advised have so many side effects like heart valve problem, blood vessel problem. Also, surgery is not a cost-effective therapy. So that, to find out cost effective management in Obesity through Ayurveda following study was carried out. Charak has mentioned Sthaulya (~Obesity) as Santarpan-janya Vikar, accumulation of excessive Meda and Mansa Dhatu. Management in Ayurveda for Sthaulya consists of Langhana, Shodhan and Shaman Chikitsa. Sushruta has described Lekhan Basti in Sthaulya. In all classical texts, Udavartana is mentioned as part of Dincharya and for Sthaulya. Udvartana procedure remove the foetid odours, alleviates aggravated Kapha and Meda. A case study of 38 years old female patient with Sharirbhar Vriddhi for 10 years, Katishula and Ubhaya Janusandhi Shula since 2 years was treated with Lekhan Basti and Udvartana. Encouraging results were obtained which are presented in full paper. A case recorded and treated in our institute. Significant reduction in weight from 103kg to 93kg and BMI from 45.41 to 39.5 was seen in patient in one month without exercise.

Enalapril improves obesity associated liver injury ameliorating systemic metabolic markers by modulating Angiotensin Converting Enzymes ACE/ACE2 expression in high-fat feed mice

Obesity is a chronic disease caused multiple associated factors that results in excessive body fat accumulation. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) unbalance is now recognized as a key factor on regulating body energy and metabolism. AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the Enalapril (ACE inhibitor) effects on the metabolic function and hepatic steatosis of obese mice evaluating Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACEs) expression. MethodsThe experiment was performed using 32 male Swiss mice (8 weeks old) equally and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): standard diet (ST), standard diet plus Enalapril (ST + ENAL), hyperlipidic diet (HF) and hyperlipidic diet plus Enalapril (HF + ENAL). Weekly measurements of animal weight and feed consumption were performed. At the end of treatment period a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin sensitivity test (IST) were performed. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate hepatic and epididymal fat pad. Liver samples were submitted to HE histology and gene expression analyses were performed using Real-Time PCR. ResultsThe main results showed a decrease in body weight after treatment with Enalapril, as well as a reduced size of epididymal fat pad (EFP). Hepatic echogenicity and steatosis measurement were lower in the obese groups treated with Enalapril also modulating ACE2/ACE expressions. ConclusionsEnalapril use improved metabolism reducing hepatic steatosis, decreasing ACE expression and increasing ACE2 expression.

Avaliação do protocolo de Jejum Intermitente no tratamento de sobrepeso e obesidade: uma revisão integrativa

A obesidade, é o acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal, que acarreta prejuízos à saúde dos indivíduos, tais como dificuldade respiratória, problemas dermatológicos e distúrbios do aparelho locomotor e favorece o surgimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis potencialmente letais. São várias as estratégias e ferramentas ao qual o profissional nutricionista dispõe para realização do tratamento de sobrepeso e obesidade, dentre elas, o jejum intermitente, que é um protocolo de dieta que visa alternar períodos de ingestão alimentar e jejum. O objetivo é fazer com que o corpo utilize os estoques de gordura e com isso haja uma perda de massa gorda, os períodos em que a alimentação é permitida são chamados de janelas de alimentação. O estudo é uma revisão integrativa da literatura em Nutrição, com o objetivo de revisar os estudos que avaliaram a aplicabilidade do protocolo de jejum intermitente no tratamento de sobrepeso e obesidade em indivíduos adultos, com ênfase aos aspectos de perda de peso e melhora dos marcadores biológicos de saúde. Foram pesquisados e examinados 10 artigos científicos com maior número de produção no ano de 2018. Os artigos analisados apontaram que a Restrição Energética Intermitente (IER) é uma alternativa dietética eficaz para promover a perda de peso em adultos com sobrepeso / obesidade no curto prazo, desta forma, pode ser utilizado no tratamento de forma segura. Os resultados mostram que o IER pode resultar em perda de peso em adultos com sobrepeso e obesidade comparável a Restrição Energética Diária (DER) tradicional.

Optimal cut-off values for anthropometric measures of obesity in screening for cardiometabolic disorders in adults

Excessive accumulation of body fat (BF) promotes obesity, whilst posing a significant health hazard. There being no agreed, optimal quantifying methods, application of BF variable in clinical practice is not deemed an effective assessment option. The study, involving 4,735 patients (33.6% men), aged 45–64, aimed to identify optimal cut-off values for anthropometric indicators of obesity to evaluate cardiometabolic risk. A minimum P-value approach was applied to calculate the cut-offs for BF%. Threshold values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height (WHTR) ratio, facilitating optimal differentiation of cardiometabolic risk, were based on BF%, expressed as a binary classifier. The newly estimated cut-off values for predicting cardiometabolic risk, based on BMI, were lower than the referential obesity thresholds, whereas the threshold values of WC, WHR, and WHTR were higher. Apart from dyslipidemia, the odds of cardiometabolic disorders were higher, when the anthropometric indicators under study exceeded the cut-off points in both sexes. The proposed cut-offs proved instrumental in predicting cardiometabolic risk, whilst highlighting diagnostic and clinical potential of BF%, whereas BMI boasted the highest predictive potential. Cardiometabolic risk also proved significantly higher even in the overweight patients.

Leptin production capacity determines food intake and susceptibility to obesity-induced diabetes in Oikawa-Nagao Diabetes-Prone and Diabetes-Resistant mice.

Obesity caused by overeating plays a pivotal role in the development of type 2 diabetes. However, it remains poorly understood how individual meal size differences are determined before the development of obesity. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms in determining spontaneous food intake in newly established Oikawa-Nagao Diabetes-Prone (ON-DP) and Diabetes-Resistant (ON-DR) mice. Food intake and metabolic phenotypes of ON-DP and ON-DR mice under high-fat-diet feeding were compared from 5weeks to 10weeks of age. Differences in leptin status at 5weeks of age were assessed between the two mouse lines. Adipose tissue explant culture was also performed to evaluate leptin production capacity in vitro. ON-DP mice showed spontaneous overfeeding compared with ON-DR mice. Excessive body weight gain and fat accumulation in ON-DP mice were completely suppressed to the levels seen in ON-DR mice by pair-feeding with ON-DR mice. Deterioration of glucose tolerance in ON-DP mice was also ameliorated under the pair-feeding conditions. While no differences were seen in body weight and adipose tissue mass when comparing the two mouse lines at 5weeks of age, the ON-DP mice had lower plasma leptin concentrations and adipose tissue leptin gene expression levels. In accordance with peripheral leptin status, ON-DP mice displayed lower anorexigenic leptin signalling in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus when compared with ON-DR mice without apparent leptin resistance. Explant culture studies revealed that ON-DP mice had lower leptin production capacity in adipose tissue. ON-DP mice also displayed higher DNA methylation levels in the leptin gene promoter region of adipocytes when compared with ON-DR mice. The results suggest that heritable lower leptin production capacity plays a critical role in overfeeding-induced obesity and subsequent deterioration of glucose tolerance in ON-DP mice. Leptin production capacity in adipocytes, especially before the development of obesity, may have diagnostic potential for predicting individual risk of obesity caused by overeating and future onset of type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.

Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Body Mass Index in Type 2 Diabetics, Interventional Study, Ismailia-Egypt

Background: Egypt is the 8th in order among the top 10 countries for the number of adults with diabetes; estimated prevalence is 17.3% in 2017.Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and associated with the development of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is associated with changes in zinc metabolism, which are characterized by reduced plasma concentrations. Zinc may regulate serum leptin concentration and appetite control. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on BMI (body mass index) in type 2 diabetics. Methods: It was a single blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients (n=200) were randomly allocated into two groups: zinc group, & placebo group, zinc supplementation was given for 12 weeks. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed at baseline & after 12 weeks. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in BMI in zinc group compared to placebo group after 12 weeks. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation has no beneficial effect on body mass index in type 2 diabetic patients.

The Potential Role of Activating the ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel in the Treatment of Hyperphagic Obesity.

To evaluate the potential role of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activation in the treatment of hyperphagic obesity, a PubMed search was conducted focused on the expression of genes encoding the KATP channel, the response to activating the KATP channel in tissues regulating appetite and the establishment and maintenance of obesity, the evaluation of KATP activators in obese hyperphagic animal models, and clinical studies on syndromic obesity. KATP channel activation is mechanistically involved in the regulation of appetite in the arcuate nucleus; the regulation of hyperinsulinemia, glycemic control, appetite and satiety in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus; insulin secretion by β-cells; and the synthesis and β-oxidation of fatty acids in adipocytes. KATP channel activators have been evaluated in hyperphagic obese animal models and were shown to reduce hyperphagia, induce fat loss and weight loss in older animals, reduce the accumulation of excess body fat in growing animals, reduce circulating and hepatic lipids, and improve glycemic control. Recent experience with a KATP channel activator in Prader–Willi syndrome is consistent with the therapeutic responses observed in animal models. KATP channel activation, given the breadth of impact and animal model and clinical results, is a viable target in hyperphagic obesity.

Prevalence of overweight &amp; obesity-associated risk factors amongst medical students in South India

Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat to an extent where health is impaired. Obesity among students is progressing towards an epidemic level. The change in lifestyle, lack of physical activity and exercise, improper eating habits and lack of awareness about obesity which has become a major problem of college students, especially among medical students. This study was conducted with the objective to estimate the prevalence of overweight &amp; obesity and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital (SMCH) with a sample size of 230 and a purposive sampling technique was used. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using relevant statistical tests. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.4% and 2.1%, respectively and factors such as diet pattern and sleep duration are significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Measures such as motivating the students, organizing group exercise activities and making physical activity as part of the curriculum and importance of adequate sleep should be emphasized.

Relationship Between Waist Circumference with Frequency of Attack and Pain Intensity in Malaysian Students Who Have Migraine

Background: Obesity can be intergreted as an excessive accumulation of body fat which leads to health problems, including migraine. Obesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome, a pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic state that may contribute to headache development and progression. Stimulation of trigeminal nociceptor induced the release of pro inflammation substances especially calsitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and P substance. Those substances are found higher in migraine and obesity person. Neurogenic inflammation state was known has a big role on migraine pain. To evaluate the relationship between waist circumference with frequencies and pain intensity in Malaysian students with migraine at the University of Sumatera Utara. Method: Observational analytic with cross sectional approach. A sample of 94 people was taken based on the total sampling technique. The data obtained are presented in tabular form and then analyzed using the Chi-square Test. Result: Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate with the Chi-square test. From 77 subjects of the study consisting of 11 people with migraine aura and 66 people with migraine without aura. Most of the study samples were female (77.9%) and an average age of 20.97 years. The majority of race obtained was Malay (50.6%), BMI whose majority was normal (58.4%). From a 11 people with migraine aura, 7 of them had normal waist circumference and of 66 people with migraine without aura 40 of them had normal waist circumference. From Univariate and Bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between waist circumference with the frequency of migraine attacks (p = 0.489) and there was no significant relationship between waist circumference and the intensity of migraine pain (p = 0.245). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between waist circumference with the frequency of attacks and pain intensity in Malaysian students who experience migraine.

The immune system of adipose tissue: obesity-associated inflammation

Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ. Via its secretion products, it cross-talks with other organs of the body and communicates the filling state of its triglyceride stores. Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat and leads to the infiltration and accumulation of immune cells in white adipose tissue. In this review article we introduce the various immune cell populations of adipose tissue and discuss their local and systemic influence.

An in vitro approach to evaluate the anti-adipogenic effect of Myrica nagi Thunb. Fruit extract on 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line

BackgroundObesity involves excess accumulation of body fat, leading to metabolic disorders. Although genetic factors involved in obesity have been identified, the influence of phytochemicals on the genes remains to be elucidated. AimsWe aimed to (1) screen extracts of Myrica nagi Thunb. (Myricaceae) by estimating flavonoid, phenol, and tanin content; (2) evaluate enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts; and (3) analyze the anti-adipogenic activity of the extracts in 3T3L1 cells. MethodsWe evaluated five extracts of M. nagi for their anti-obesity effect by phytochemical screening and enzyme inhibition assays. Furthermore, the extract with the highest inhibitory effect was characterized for its role in adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 cells. ResultsThe methanolic extract of M. nagi (MEMN) showed the highest inhibitory activity against lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase (IC50 values = 91 ± 1.0, 60 ± 4.25, and 100 ± 0.74 μg/mL, respectively). The flavonoid, phenol, and tanin content was highest in the MEMN, with 22.85 ± 1.20, 139.7 ± 11.53, and 1.79 ± 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. The extract also showed anti-oxidant activity with IC50 of 162.22 ± 0.65 μg/mL. Additionally, MEMN did not exert cytotoxicity against 3T3-L1cells; it inhibited adipogenesis and promoted lipolysis of 3T3-L1cells. MEMN at 160 μg/mL concentration reduced triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, the extract downregulated PPAR-γ expression. ConclusionsOverall, MEMN possesses potent anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, and thus, can be an alternative herbal treatment for obesity.

Development and validation of a bioelectrical impedance prediction equation estimating fat free mass in Greek - Caucasian adult population

Excessive body fat accumulation is associated with adverse health effects; therefore its accurate and reliable assessment is of great significance. The aim of the study wastodevelop and validate an easy and applicable equation, based on bioelectrical impedance analysis, estimating fat free mass in Greek general population and compare it with those of the literature. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters were obtained from 694 Greek adults (429 women and 265 men) so as to develop and validate the equation, using DXA as reference method. The validation and the reliability of the equation were examined with Bland-Altman analysis and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The developed prediction equation was FFM (kg)=12.299+(0.164*Weight (kg))+(7.287*Gender (0:female, 1:male)) - (0.116*Resistance (ohm)/Height (m)2)+(0.365*Reactance (ohm)/Height (m)2)+(21.570*Height (m)) (R2=0.944, p<0.0001). Regarding the current population, the current equation presented the lowest bias (-0.069kg, p=0.707) and the highest ICC (0.985) compared to those of the literature. The current prediction equation was found to be valid and reliable in a representative sample of the Caucasian Greek general population and its utilization for body composition assessment could be an alternative of using labor-intensive, expensive and time-consuming reference methods.

Effect of Dietary Silk Peptide on Obesity, Hyperglycemia, and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice.

Obesity is associated with excess body fat accumulation that can cause hyperglycemia and reduce skeletal muscle function and strength, which characterize the development of sarcopenic obesity. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanism whereby acid-hydrolyzed silk peptide (SP) prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and whether it regulates glucose uptake and muscle differentiation using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Our findings demonstrate that SP inhibits body mass gain and the expression of adipogenic transcription factors in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). SP also had an anti-diabetic effect in VAT and skeletal muscle because it upregulated glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression. Furthermore, SP reduced ubiquitin proteasome and promoted myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD)/myogenic factor 4 (myogenin) expression, implying that it may have potential for the treatment of obesity-induced hyperglycemia and obesity-associated sarcopenia.

Childhood obesity, cardiovascular and liver health: a growing epidemic with age.

BackgroundThe frequency of childhood obesity has increased over the last 3 decades, and the trend constitutes a worrisome epidemic worldwide. With the raising obesity risk, key aspects to consider are accurate body mass index classification, as well as metabolic and cardiovascular, and hepatic consequences.Data sourcesThe authors performed a systematic literature search in PubMed and EMBASE, using selected key words (obesity, childhood, cardiovascular, liver health). In particular, they focused their search on papers evaluating the impact of obesity on cardiovascular and liver health.ResultsWe evaluated the current literature dealing with the impact of excessive body fat accumulation in childhood and across adulthood, as a predisposing factor to cardiovascular and hepatic alterations. We also evaluated the impact of physical and dietary behaviors starting from childhood on cardio-metabolic consequences.ConclusionsThe epidemic of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities worldwide raises concerns about the impact of early abnormalities during childhood and adolescence. Two key abnormalities in this context include cardiovascular diseases, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Appropriate metabolic screenings and associated comorbidities should start as early as possible in obese children and adolescents. Nevertheless, improving dietary intake and increasing physical activity performance are to date the best therapeutic tools in children to weaken the onset of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes risk during adulthood.

Pre and postoperative deficiencies in iron, ferritin and B12 vitamin among portuguese patients undergoing bariatric surgery

AbstractIntroduction:According to the World Health Organization obesity it's the result of an abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation, which presents a high risk for the health. Bariatric surgery appears as an alternative to the conventional treatment for the morbid obese individuals. However, this type of intervention causes changes in the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, which may lead to the development of nutritional deficiencies in patients, in particular anemia.Aim:To evaluate micronutrient deficiencies in patients submitted to bariatric surgery in preoperative and postoperative periods, in particular iron, ferritin, and B12 vitamin.Methods:In this longitudinal study, we evaluated, retrospectively and prospectively, patients who attended the nutrition appointment at a central hospital. We completed a preexisting database containing anthropometric and biochemical data, adding biochemical data, at various periods: pre at 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 30th and 36th months post-surgery.Results:from the 121 patients submitted to bariatric surgery, 79,3% were female. The prevalence or iron deficiency reached 15%, ferritin deficiency reached almost 10% and B12 vitamin deficiency reached 18%. Furthermore there were deficiencies in other nutrients, e.g., vitamin D, magnesium and zinc. There was more than 85% adhesion to take the multivitamin supplementation and frequent use of specific supplementation.Conclusion:The prevalence of nutritional deficiencies is high, with a tendency to persist over time even with use of multivitamin supplementation, leading to the need for complementary supplementation, in particular to prevent the risk of anemia. Hence, periodic and long term monitoring is fundamental.

Novel anthropometric parameters to define obesity and obesity-related disease in adults: a systematic review.

Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat. Traditionally, it has been assessed using a wide range of anthropometric, biochemical, and radiological measurements, with each having its advantages and disadvantages. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify novel anthropometric measurements of obesity in adults. Using a combination of MeSH terms, the PubMed database was searched. The current systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The data extracted from each study were (1) details of the study, (2) anthropometric parameter(s) evaluated, (3) study methods, (4) objectives of the study and/or comparisons, and (5) main findings/conclusions of the study. The search yielded 2472 articles, of which 66 studies were deemed eligible to be included. The literature search identified 25 novel anthropometric parameters. Data on novel anthropometric parameters were derived from 26 countries. Majority were descriptive cross-sectional studies (n = 43), while 22 were cohort studies. Age range of the study populations was 17-103 years, while sample size varied from 45 to 384612. The novel anthropometric parameters identified in the present study showed variable correlation with obesity and/or related metabolic risk factors. Some parameters involved complex calculations, while others were derived from traditional anthropometric measurements. Further research is required in order to determine the accuracy and precision.

Effectiveness of cumin cyminum plus lime administration on obesity among womens

Obesity is a medical condition which occurs due to the accumulation of excess body fat to the extent that results in a negative effect in health. Obese are generally known when the body mass index (BMI) of a person is above 25. According to World health organization obesity and corpulent are defined as a risk of body health due to over or abnormal accumulation of fat in a human body. 50 (25 experimental groups and 25 control group) women's who met the inclusion criteria were selected by using non-probability convenience sampling technique. After selecting the sample, the investigator explained the purpose of the study and informed consent was obtained. Demographic variables were collected pre-test was done by using BMI for both experimental and control group. For the experimental group, cumin cyminum plus lime water is given for 3 weeks on an early morning in empty stomach. The data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The calculated ‘t’ value is significant at P&lt; 0.005. The study indicates that administration of cumin cyminum plus lime water is effective in reducing overweight. The present study showed that cumin cyminum plus lime was not only beneficial but also safe and effective in the treatment of obesity.

Phenylbutyrate Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Brown Adipose Tissue Activation.

Obesity, which is characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, is one of the critical factors causing metabolic syndrome. Many studies have been performed to identify appropriate agents to control obesity, but toxicity remains a problem. Herein, we identified that phenylbutyrate (PBA), which has been used to treat urea cycle disorder with very low toxicity for a long time, efficiently inhibited high fat-induced body weight gain in a diet-induced obesity mouse model (DIO model). PBA treatment decreased body fat mass and increased lean composition. Moreover, PBA increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity by increasing glucose uptake, thereby improving glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Interestingly, PBA could induce the expression of liver type phosphofructokinase (PFKL), a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, and knocking down PFKL dramatically repressed the expression level of Ucp1 as well as those of Prdm16, Cidea, Pgc1α, and Pparγ, which are marker genes for BAT activation. These results strongly suggested that PBA could increase energy expenditure by increasing BAT activity via the induction of PFKL. Taken together, PBA could be used as a therapeutic agent for people with obesity to prevent the development of metabolic syndrome.