An in vitro approach to evaluate the anti-adipogenic effect of Myrica nagi Thunb. Fruit extract on 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line

Abstract

BackgroundObesity involves excess accumulation of body fat, leading to metabolic disorders. Although genetic factors involved in obesity have been identified, the influence of phytochemicals on the genes remains to be elucidated. AimsWe aimed to (1) screen extracts of Myrica nagi Thunb. (Myricaceae) by estimating flavonoid, phenol, and tanin content; (2) evaluate enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts; and (3) analyze the anti-adipogenic activity of the extracts in 3T3L1 cells. MethodsWe evaluated five extracts of M. nagi for their anti-obesity effect by phytochemical screening and enzyme inhibition assays. Furthermore, the extract with the highest inhibitory effect was characterized for its role in adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 cells. ResultsThe methanolic extract of M. nagi (MEMN) showed the highest inhibitory activity against lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase (IC50 values = 91 ± 1.0, 60 ± 4.25, and 100 ± 0.74 μg/mL, respectively). The flavonoid, phenol, and tanin content was highest in the MEMN, with 22.85 ± 1.20, 139.7 ± 11.53, and 1.79 ± 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. The extract also showed anti-oxidant activity with IC50 of 162.22 ± 0.65 μg/mL. Additionally, MEMN did not exert cytotoxicity against 3T3-L1cells; it inhibited adipogenesis and promoted lipolysis of 3T3-L1cells. MEMN at 160 μg/mL concentration reduced triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, the extract downregulated PPAR-γ expression. ConclusionsOverall, MEMN possesses potent anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, and thus, can be an alternative herbal treatment for obesity.