Excessive Accumulation Of Body Fat Research Articles

Anti-Obesity Effects of GABA in C57BL/6J Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Obesity is the excessive accumulation of body fat resulting from impairment in energy balance mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism whereby GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, and whether it induces lipolysis and browning in white adipose tissue (WAT), using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We demonstrated that GABA substantially inhibits the body mass gain of mice by suppressing adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Consistent with this result, histological analysis of WAT demonstrated that GABA decreases adipocyte size. Moreover, we show that GABA administration decreases fasting blood glucose and improves serum lipid profiles and hepatic lipogenesis in HFD-fed obese mice. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that GABA activates protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways that increase lipolysis and promote uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated WAT browning. Overall, these results suggest that GABA exerts an anti-obesity effect via the regulation of lipid metabolism.

Implementation of K-Means, K-Medoid and DBSCAN Algorithms In Obesity Data Clustering

Obesity is an excessive accumulation of body fat and can be harmful to health. This study aims to understand the patterns and relationships between obesity data that have been obtained, so a data clustering step will be carried out using the K-Means, K-Medoid and DBSCAN algorithms. This study utilizes the Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) to determine the best cluster value comparison and validated. So the results of the best cluster value in processing obesity data are using the K-Means K2 algorithm with a value of 0.604. The K-Medoid algorithm obtained the best cluster k2, with a DBI value of around 0.614. and the DBSCAN algorithm clustering trial K3, with a value of 1.040. Thus in this study the comparison results of the application of 3 clustering algorithms, the results obtained are the K-Means algorithm shows the value of the resulting cluster is the best of other algorithms in clustering obesity data with a value of 0.604.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on body fat percentage in middle-aged and elderly populations

BackgroundObesity, which is associated with excessive accumulation of body fat, is emerging as a new public health problem. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive and straightforward method to analyze body composition, providing a more accurate estimate of obesity than the commonly used body mass index. The primary objective of this study was to examine the potential impact of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on body fat percentage in a population using cross-sectional and cohort studies. Methods: A population of people who underwent physical examinations at Taizhou Hospital between 2017 and 2022 was included. The participants underwent various tests, including urea breath test, hematological examination, and anthropometric measurement, in addition, their body fat percentage was determined through the use of BIA. Univariate and multifactorial regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with excess body fat. Results: There was a difference in body fat percentage between H. pylori positive and negative populations. The population was divided into young and middle-aged and elderly according to age, and H. pylori infection was found to differ only in the middle-aged and elderly population. Multifactorial logistic regression showed that H. pylori infection remained associated with excess body fat in the middle-aged and elderly population. A subsequent cohort study confirmed the association of persistent H. pylori infection with excess body fat in the population. Conclusion: H. pylori was negatively associated with excess body fat in middle-aged and elderly populations, and long-term H. pylori infection has a negative effect on body fat in people.

Obesity-related Plasma CXCL10 Drives CX3CR1-dependent Monocytic Secretion of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor.

Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Both obesity and OSAS are associated with immune disturbance, alterations of systemic inflammatory mediators, and immune cell recruitment to metabolic tissues. Chemokine CXCL10 is an important regulator of proinflammatory immune responses and is significantly increased in patients with severe obesity. This research project aims to investigate the impact of CXCL10 on human monocytes in patients with obesity. We studied the distribution of the CD14/CD16 monocyte subsets as well as their CX3CR1 expression patterns in whole-blood measurements from 92 patients with obesity and/or OSAS with regard to plasma CXCL10 values and individual clinical parameters. Furthermore, cytokine secretion by THP-1 monocytes in response to CXCL10 was analyzed. Data revealed significantly elevated plasma CXCL10 in patients with obesity with an additive effect of OSAS. CXCL10 was found to drive monocytic secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor via receptor protein CX3CR1, which significantly correlated with the individual body mass index. Our data show, for the first time, to our knowledge, that CX3CR1 is involved in alternative CXCL10 signaling in human monocytes in obesity-related inflammation. Obesity is a multifactorial disease, and further investigations regarding the complex interplay between obesity-related inflammatory mediators and systemic immune balances will help to better understand and improve the individual situation of our patients.

Anti-Obesity Constituents in Ginkgo biloba Extract

Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat. It is associated with various health risks, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. While lifestyle modifications, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, are fundamental components of obesity management, several researchers explore complementary and alternative approaches, such as herbal medicine. Zhang and colleagues demonstrated a case study for uncovering the anti-obesity constituents in an anti-obesity herbal medicine (Ginkgo biloba extract) and deciphering their synergistic effects via targeting human pancreatic lipase (hPL). After screening eighty medicinal plants, they found that the most potent anti-hPL activity was possessed by Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50). They isolated thirty-eight compounds and found that several of them were potent hPL inhibitors showing IC50 values <2.5 μM). Docking studies found that sciadopitysin, bilobetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin) could tightly bind on hPL at cavity 2, which is different from the binding cavity of quercetin on hPL. After further experiments they found that sciadopitysin or bilobetin in combination with quercetin showed synergistic anti-hPL effects, suggesting that the multi-components in GBE50 may generate a more potent anti-hPL effect. They concluded that anti-obesity constituents in GBE50, act synergistically at the molecular level, which will be very helpful for further understanding the anti-obesity mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba. Fitoterapia. 2023 Dec:171:105669. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105669.

Obesity Awareness Among Elementary School Students: A Controlled Before - After Study

Objective: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that occurs due to excessive body fat accumulation and can lead to physical and emotional problems. Preventing and treating obesity in childhood and adolescence is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity awareness education provided to fourth-grade elementary school students. 
 Methods: An experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design was conducted. The study sample consisted of a total of 663 students, 344 students in the experimental group and 319 students in the control group, who attended the fourth grade of two elementary schools in Istanbul and met the inclusion criteria. 
 Results: The sample included 326 girls (49.2%) and 337 boys (50.8%). The mean (SD) BMI was 18.45 (3.49) in the experimental group and 18.04 (3.00) in the control group. 73% (n = 251) of the students in the experimental group and 77.7% (n = 248) of the students in the control group stated that obesity only made walking/running difficult. There was no difference in obesity awareness scores between the experimental and control groups before the education (p=0.92). However, at 1 week and 1 month after the education, the experimental group had significantly higher scores compared to the control group (p

Endothelial TET2 regulates the white adipose browning and metabolism via fatty acid oxidation in obesity

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder, manifesting as excessive accumulation of body fat. Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (TET2) has garnered significant attention in the context of obesity due to its crucial role in epigenetic regulation and metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of endothelial TET2 on obesity and explore the potential mechanism. We generated endothelial cell-specific TET2 deficiency mice and investigated endothelial TET2 using transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses. We determined the downregulation of endothelial TET2 in white adipose tissues. Furthermore, we identified that endothelial TET2 loss aggravated high-fat diet-induced obesity by inhibiting vascularization and thus suppressing white adipose tissue browning. Mechanistically, endothelial TET2 modulates obesity by engaging in endothelial fatty acid oxidation and angiocrine-mediated secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), in which nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) serves as a key mediator. Our study reveals that endothelial TET2 regulates white adipose tissue browning by interacting with NRF2 to facilitate fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis in adipocytes.

Effects of Indigenous Saudi Herbals on Weight Control in High Fat Diet-fed STZ Induced Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Obesity, a critical global issue, involves the accumulation of excessive body fat, elevating the risk of diabetes, hypertension, and other severe health conditions. This widespread concern is particularly pronounced in nations like Saudi Arabia, demanding urgent and efficient management approaches. Addressing weight control necessitates comprehensive interventions encompassing education, dietary modifications, and increased physical activity. By following healthier lifestyles and fostering a supportive environment, improvement can be made on healthcare systems. Collaboration between governments, healthcare professionals, and communities is pivotal to reduce obesity's impact and fostering a healthier generations.
 Methods: Research Design and Objectives: This study aimed to fill the existing void in excessive body weight treatments by investigating viable herbal interventions that are safe, readily accessible, and economically viable. Wistar albino rats were grouped to 5 groups with 5 animals each. Diabetics were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin for all groups except group 1. Then respective groups were fed with fat diets for 12 weeks and herbals Zingiber officinale (ginger), Nigella sativa (black seeds) and Allium sativum (Garlic) from 7th to 12th weeks along with high fat diet. Mean Body weight and Lee's obesity index were calculated for each group.
 Results and Discussion: In the realm of herbal efficacy, a striking trend surfaces. Among the diverse materials scrutinized, one distinct name rises—Garlic (Allium sativum). Its prowess in diminishing both body weight and fat content stands out prominently. Across the tested spectrum, a consistent and impressive reduction in weight prevails. Particularly, Garlic asserts its dominance as a singularly remarkable performer, showcasing unparalleled effectiveness. This herbal gem not only underscores its potency but also solidifies its position as a preeminent agent for weight and fat reduction. The findings unequivocally spotlight Garlic's exceptional role in promoting healthier body composition.
 Conclusions: Herbals as Adjunctive Therapy for Obesity The findings underscore the potential of herbal interventions, particularly Garlic, in the management of weight control. These natural remedies hold promise as adjunctive therapeutic agents. However, further rigorous human trials and animal studies with large sample size and different methodology are essential to validate their efficacy and integration into obesity / weight control treatment regimens.

The Relationship of Obesity with Range Of Motion (ROM) On The Ankle

Introduction. Obesity is weight gain beyond the limits of physical and skeletal needs due to excessive accumulation of body fat that may increase risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. A musculoskeletal disorder that can occur is a limited range of motion of a joint. This study aimed to identify the relationship between obesity and ankle range of motion (ROM). Methods. This study was conducted using an analytical observational study with an overall sample of 311 students who met the inclusion criteria. The sample for this study was students’ class of the Muhammadiyah Palembang's School of Medicine from 2018 to 2020 and was extracted using the total extraction method. The population of this study is Palembang students. Results. The study found that 238 students (76.5%) were not obese and 65 students (20.9%) were obese. Among obese college students, 51 college students (69.9%) had normal dorsiflexion ROM and 22 college students (30.1%) had abnormal dorsiflexion ROM. Obese students had normal plantarflexion ROM in her 20 students (27.4%) and students with abnormal plantarflexion ROM in her 53 students (72.6%). 195 students (81.9%) had normal dorsiflexion ROM and 43 students (49.7%) had abnormal dorsiflexion ROM. 185 students (77.7%) had normal plantarflexion ROM and 53 students (22.3%) had abnormal plantarflexion ROM. Conclusion. Suggesting an association between obesity and the Range of Motion (ROM) in the ankle joint.

Sunflower seed extract supplementation reduces body fat in adults with obesity: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Obesity is an important public health problem and socioeconomic burden. We hypothesized that an intake of sunflower seed extract (SUN-CA) would decrease body fat and then investigated the effects and safety of SUN-CA intake on body fat in adults with obesity as an option for obesity treatment. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 100 adults with body mass indices of 25 to 31.9 kg/m2 were assigned to groups that received SUN-CA (n = 50) or a placebo (n = 50) and received 1 tablet/day containing 500 mg of SUN-CA or the placebo over a 12-week period. The primary endpoint was the change in mass and percentage of body fat. The group that received SUN-CA daily showed decreases in body fat mass greater than those in the placebo group (−0.9 ± 1.8 kg vs. −0.1 ± 1.4 kg, P = .043). In addition, body weight, body mass index, and hip circumference improved after the intake of SUN-CA relative to the changes in the placebo group. There was no intergroup differences in the prevalence of adverse events. The accumulation of excess body fat improved through the intake of 500 mg/day of SUN-CA containing 100 mg of chlorogenic acids for 12 weeks in adults with obesity without causing serious adverse side effects. SUN-CA could be an effective and safe management option for obesity. The trial was registered at Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index/index.do) as KCT0005733.

Prevalence and Awareness of Obesity and Bariatric Surgeries in the Northern Borders Region, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Obesity is a complex health issue affecting millions worldwide, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, often leading to various health complications. Bariatric surgeries are effective interventions for severe obesity, assisting patients in attaining substantial weight reduction and enhancing their overall well-being. This study aimed to assess obesity patterns and bariatric surgery prevalence in the Northern Borders region of Saudi Arabia to increase community knowledge and awareness about obesity and bariatric surgery. Methods This cross-sectional study included 386 residents in the Northern Borders region, Saudi Arabia. The participants completed a previously validated self-administered electronic questionnaire, and the confidentiality of the collected data was ensured. Results Nearly 58.3% of the participants (31-40 years), with a predominance of females, had a body mass index (BMI) >30, and 33.7% had undergone bariatric surgery. Most participants (92.5%) were aware that obesity is associated with significant medical issues, 98.2% appreciated that there is a surgical method to reduce weight, and 58.8% indicated that the procedure was not safe. Additionally, the majority of the respondents (57.0%) were not sure about the complications of weight-loss surgeries, and only 28.0% knew that surgeries for obesity and their complications may lead to death. Significant associations were found between age, education level, and BMI concerning the knowledge of obesity/bariatric surgery (p=0.003, 0.001, 0.002), respectively. However, gender and work status did not show such associations (p> 0.05). Conclusion Our study highlighted a lack of knowledge among the community regarding the safety, potential complications, and survival outcomes associated with obesity and bariatric surgery that could be due to ignorance and reluctance to pursue bariatric surgery to overcome morbid obesity. Significantly, the study found a relationship between age, education level, BMI, and knowledge of obesity and bariatric surgery.

Beyond Diet and Exercise: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Control of Obesity.

Obesity, a widespread health concern characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, is a complex condition influenced by genetics, environment, and social determinants. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of gut microbiota in obesity, highlighting its pivotal involvement in various metabolic processes. The gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, interacts with the host in a myriad of ways, impacting energy metabolism, appetite regulation, inflammation, and the gut-brain axis. Dietary choices significantly shape the gut microbiota, with diets high in fat and carbohydrates promoting the growth of harmful bacteria while reducing beneficial microbes. Lifestyle factors, like physical activity and smoking, also influence gut microbiota composition. Antibiotics and medications can disrupt microbial diversity, potentially contributing to obesity. Early-life experiences, including maternal obesity during pregnancy, play a vital role in the developmental origins of obesity. Therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota, including prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, bacterial consortium therapy, and precision nutrition, offer promising avenues for reshaping the gut microbiota and positively influencing weight regulation and metabolic health. Clinical applications of microbiota-based therapies are on the horizon, with potential implications for personalized treatments and condition-based interventions. Emerging technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and advanced bioinformatics, empower researchers to identify specific target species for microbiota-based therapeutics, opening new possibilities in healthcare. Despite the promising outlook, microbiota-based therapies face challenges related to microbial selection, safety, and regulatory issues. However, with ongoing research and advances in the field, these challenges can be addressed to unlock the full potential of microbiota-based interventions.

Spirulina Supplementation with High-Intensity Interval Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity

Adiposity, a state characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, is closely linked to metabolic complications and the secretion of specific adipokines. This study explores the potential of exercise and Spirulina supplementation to mitigate these complications and modulate adipokine release associated with obesity. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of a 12-week regimen of high-intensity training combined with Spirulina supplementation on adipokine concentrations and lipid profiles in male individuals with obesity (N = 44). The participants were randomly distributed into four groups, each consisting of 11 participants: a control group (CG), a supplement group (SG), a training group (TG), and a training plus supplement group (TSG). The intervention comprised a 12-week treatment involving Spirulina supplementation (6 g capsule daily), a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol with three sessions per week, or a combined approach. Following the interventions, metabolic parameters, anthropometric measurements, cardiorespiratory indices, and circulating adipokines [CRP, Sema3C, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1, IL-8] were assessed within 48 h of the before and final training session. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences across all measures among the groups (p < 0.05). Notably, post hoc analyses indicated substantial disparities between the CG and the three interventional groups regarding body weight (p < 0.05). The combined training and supplementation approach led to noteworthy reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TGL) levels (all p < 0.0001), coupled with an elevation in high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, adipokine levels significantly declined in the three intervention groups relative to the CG (p < 0.05). The findings from this 12-week study demonstrate that Spirulina supplementation in conjunction with high-intensity interval training reduced adipokine levels, improved body weight and BMI, and enhanced lipid profiles. This investigation underscores the potential of Spirulina supplementation and high-intensity interval training as a synergistic strategy to ameliorate obesity-related complications and enhance overall cardiometabolic well-being in obese males.

A Comprehensive Approach to Child Malnutrition Prevention: Standardized Assessment Using Anthropometry and Bioimpedance Methods

Introduction: The rise in weight gain has been occurring at an accelerated pace in recent decades, affecting individuals regardless of gender, ethnicity, age, or socioeconomic status. Overweight and obesity are characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, which is closely linked to a wide range of chronic non-communicable diseases, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems.Objective: To develop a strategy for the prevention of child malnutrition based on standardized assessment through anthropometry and bioimpedance methods.Methodology: This study employs a descriptive, prospective, and longitudinal research approach, grounded in a theoretical framework that comprehensively examines nutritional processes during childhood.Results: The need for early diagnostic tools of low technical complexity and cost-effectiveness becomes evident, particularly for populations at higher risk. By supplementing the assessment of body composition with electrical impedance, we enhance its diagnostic capabilities, addressing the limitations of relying solely on the body mass index, especially in children. This approach can help identify excess adiposity even in cases where the body mass index suggests normality.Conclusions: The prevention strategy for overweight and obesity, designed based on the analysis of body composition using electrical impedance in school-age children, proves valuable. This diagnostic method allows us to discern the various components of the human body and express them in percentages, enabling the identification of children with excess adiposity, even when the body mass index suggests normality in those evaluated.

Correction of body weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Clinical case

Obesity and overweight are health problems that indicate excessive and abnormal accumulation of body fat and lead to adverse health effects. Epidemiological studies have identified obesity and overweight as risk factors for several diseases, including diabetes, various cancers, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass is one of the most common operations performed for the patients with morbid obesity. With the long‑term follow‑up of bariatric surgery, insufficient weight loss or weight regain is becoming more frequently encountered after RYGB. Insufficient weight loss or weight regain after proximal Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass occurs in 35% of cases. As a result, revisional surgery will be more frequently performed. No consensus has been reached on the best revisional operation for these patients. The presented clinical case demonstrates tactical approaches to a comprehensive examination of patients who are scheduled for revision surgery due to insufficient weight loss or weight regain after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass. 3D computer gastrovolumetry is an effective method that allows the qualitative and quantitative examination of the state of the proximal gastric pouch after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass. The presented clinical case demonstrates the importance of an individualized approach for each patient, according to the recommendations of the multidisciplinary team for diagnosis and correct surgical strategy treatment weight regain after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass. Combined reconstruction of the gastric pouch with gastroenteroanastomosis and distalization of the alimentary loop is a safe and effective method of correction of weight regain in patients after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass.

Ayurvedic Interventions for Sthoulya (Obesity): A Single-Case Analysis

In the present era, the prevalence of lifestyle-related disorders is rapidly on the rise globally. Modernization and the advancement of science and technology have contributed to increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Among these lifestyle disorders, obesity or overweight (Sthoulya) stands out as a significant issue, disrupting individuals' physical, mental, and social well-being. Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat. In Ayurveda, obesity is referred to as Sthoulya, classified under the category of Santarpanajnaya Vyadhi. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach to managing Sthoulya, and Acharya Charaka has recommended the use of Apatarpana Chikitsa for its treatment. The Chikitsa adopted was Deepana-Pachana, followed by Shamana Chikitsa with Classical Ayurveda and Proprietary medication for the duration of 3 and half months with diet and lifestyle advice. After completion of the course of the treatment has shown significant results in reducing weight by about 9 kilograms and reducing the signs and symptoms of Sthoulya. Therefore, the Ayurvedic approach to management delivers gratifying outcomes and proves equally advantageous for both the management and prevention of obesity while promoting overall health.

Overweight and Obesity and its Associated Factors Among Office Staff at a Higher Education Institute in Malaysia.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity caused by excess body fat accumulation is a leading public health problem globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the overweight and obesity prevalence and its accompanying factors among educational office staff in Kuantan, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the staff of Widad University College (WUC) and Widad College (WC) using a self-administered validated questionnaire. Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and obesity-related health information such as body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcoholics, physical activities and blood pressure status were obtained. The BMI was determined considering the participants weight in kilograms (kg) divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). Correlating the BMI with sociodemographic and health-related factors, the participants were characterized as underweight, normal, overweight and obese and presented as mean, frequency and percentage distribution. A p-value of <0.05 means a statistically significant result. Results: Overweight prevalence was 28.3% while obesity was 16.2 %. There were 13% of respondents underweight. A higher rate was found in males and Malay participants. Age, education, occupation, income, smoking, alcoholics, physical inactivity and hypertension were significantly linked to BMI. Conclusions: Overweight and obese constitute around 44% of the staff at WUC and WC, while 13 % were underweight. It is necessary to motivate employees through an effective training program organized by the employer towards maintaining a healthy lifestyle and thereby maintaining good health and improving work performance. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 833-841

Time-Restricted Feeding and Weight Loss in Obesity: A Mini Review on the Impacts on Skeletal Muscle Mass

Across the globe, obesity is a significant concern for public health, a disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, with a negative impact on health. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), in which food accessibility is restricted to a variable period of 8–10 h, especially in the active phase, inducing a prolonged fasting period, is a strategy with potential effects in preventing obesity. Evidence in preclinical studies demonstrated that TRF attenuates the impacts of metabolic disturbances related to high-fat diet feeding in rodents. Through these discoveries, there has been growing interest in revealing the effects associated with TRF in preventing obesity and its comorbidities, as well as investigating its effects in humans. Although TRF is a promising alternative to reduce the impact of obesity, it is necessary to investigate the results on skeletal muscle tissue. Muscle tissue is important for body energy expenditure; however, caloric restriction can negatively impact protein turnover and induce loss of muscle mass, influencing the basal metabolic rate and weight loss. This mini review examined the scientific literature exploring the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on muscle mass. Although still incipient, the findings related to TRF applied to obese individuals highlight the importance of carrying out dietary control, as well as the consumption and fractionation of proteins, to maintain a balanced protein turnover and, consequently, muscle mass.

Effect of Solanum Sessiliflorum Dunal (Maná-cubiu) Extract in Diet-induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Obesity is a multifactorial disease, defined by the excessive accumulation of body fat, causing negative consequences for health. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by the association between abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Experimental models are essential to elucidate the pathophysiology, development, and treatment of the disease. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of maná-cubiu extract (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) in experimental models of diet-induced MS. Male Wistar rats received a high-fat, high-calorie diet for 24 weeks, with exception of the healthy control group, which received commercial AIN-93 chow, and both groups were supplied with filtered water. After this period, the animals began to receive daily gavages containing 150 mg of extract/kg or 300 mg of extract/kg for another 8 weeks. The control group received only metformin (150mg/kg). Body weight, bioelectrical impedance (BIA), body circumferences and the Lee index were used to assess body composition. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee under protocol nº 501. The experimental group treated with 150mg/kg of the extract showed weight reduction in the first month of treatment, followed by an average reduction of 54 grams per animal. The group treated with 300mg/kg of the extract suffered weight reduction only after the second month of treatment (on average 9g/animal). This same group and the group treated with metformin were the only ones to reduce the percentage of body fat, comparing the two evaluation moments. The results suggest that maná-cubiu has a potential therapeutic use in obesity, and that the evaluation methods in animal models need to be better standardized.

Intraoperative Complications Related to Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy at Essos Hospital Center (Cameroon)

Background: Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that may impair health. Body mass index expressed (BMI) in kg/m2 is a simple measure of weight for height used to estimate obesity in adults. For adults, the World Health Organization defines obesity when the body mass index is greater than or equal to 30. Africa is faced with the growing problem of obesity and overweight, due to new habits food and new lifestyles. Obesity surgery has come to impose itself in our environment as a mechanical and metabolic aid to fight against this scourge which has become a public health problem. It is in this perspective that we proposed to study the intraoperative complications Related to Anesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at Essos Hospital Center. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective and analytical study that took place over a period of 3 years, from January 2017 to December 2019, in the anesthesiology department of the Essos hospital center. All the files of the obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy during the above-mentioned period were included in the study. The variables studied were: socio-demographic data, intraoperative anesthetic complications. The results obtained were subjected to univariate and bivariate analysis using the CSPRO and SPSS software. Results: A non-probability convenience sampling allowed us to obtain 16 patients. The age group that was mostly represented was those 36 to 55 years (81%). The sex ratio was 0.1. A body mass index > 40 kg/m2 of body surface area was found in 38% of cases (morbid obesity). Arterial hypertension was the comorbidity frequently associated with obesity (37.5%). The surgery was long, > 6 hours in all cases. The main anesthetic intraoperative complications were difficult intubation (62.5%), arterial hypotension (43.7%) and hypothermia (75%). Conclusion: Obesity is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, which remains neglected. ........