Russian Equivalents Research Articles

Photographers’ Nomenclature Units: A Structural and Quantitative Analysis

<p>Addressing the needs of cross and intercultural communication as well as the methodology of contrastive research, the paper presents the results of the complex analysis conducted to describe semantic and pragmatic parameters of nomenclature units denoting photography equipment in the modern Russian informal discourse of professional photographers. The research is exemplified by 34 original nomenclature units and their 34 Russian equivalents used in 6871 comments posted at “Клуб.Foto.ru” web-site in 2015. The structural and quantitative analyses of photographers’ nomenclature demonstrate the users’ morphological and graphic preferences and indirectly reflect their social and professional values. The corpus-based approach developed by Kast-Aigner (2009: 141) was applied in the study with the aim to identify the nomenclature units denoting photography equipment, validate and elaborate the data of the existing corpus. The research also throws light on the problems of professional language development and derivational processes. The perspective of the study lies in the research of the broader context of professional nomenclature. </p>

Using the one of + genitive of superlative (comparative) plural Construction to Express the Elative Form in Serbian and Its Equivalents in Russian (Based on a Literary Works Corpus)

This paper deals with the elative meaning expressed by the construction of jedan od ( one of ) + genitive of superlative (comparative) plural in Serbian and its equivalents in Russian. By means of running a comparative analysis through a corpus of literary works in Serbian and Russian, the author points to this construction as being a frequent one in terms of expressing elativity in Serbian. At the same time, the paper points to the possibility of expressing elativity in Russian by the construction of odin iz + samych + genitive of adjective plural , which has not been recorded in Serbian and Russian linguistic literature respectively so far.

Resurgent Tides of Nationalism

In recent months, the rise of nationalism has been associated with the return of xenophobia, anti-immigration sentiments, populism and far-right, neo-fascist conservatism. In consequence, nationalism has been much maligned and made the scapegoat for Brexit, the rise of Donald Trump, ‘Putinism’ and China’s intransigence on issues like Taiwan. Putin’s expansion towards the East, for example, has been construed in certain media circles as a revival of Eurasianism, a policy advocated by Russian thinkers from Prince Nikolay Trubetskoy and Lev Gumilev to Alexander Dugin. Certainly, Putin’s 2012 allusion to Gumilev’s passionarnost (the Russian equivalent of Ibn Khaldun’s ’asabiyya) was taken to hint at a revival of Eurasianism.

Мотивированность терминов военного дискурса (на материале английского языка)

Specifics of motivation of terminological items of military sublanguage formed in semantic way is covered. The material is the English articles devoted to the military topic. In the analyzed sublanguage there is high frequency of cases of semantic motivation, arising from a metaphorical transfer of the meaning of words of common language. The study of military terminology in the aspect of its motivation is relevant in connection with active formation of terminology of the military sublanguage in conditions of modern technological progress. The study of the phenomenon of motivation in sublanguages gives an idea about general laws of development of a specific language as the language system. The terms are considered in the light of such criteria as the presence of motivation, type of motivation, type of a motivated term and the direction of metaphorization of motivated terms. The most productive metaphorical models of military terms in the English language are determined. The cases of combination of different types of motivation within the same term are revealed. It is discovered that multi-component terms containing more than two components have a lower degree of motivation of the name. The results of comparative analysis of the types of motivated English military terms and their Russian equivalents are presented.

Межличностные отношения в шведской лингвокультуре сквозь призму устойчивых сравнений (на фоне русского языка)

The results of the analysis of stable similes of the Swedish language that characterize interpersonal relationships are presented. The purpose of this article is to reveal the national identity of the ways of expressing ideas about interpersonal relationships in the Swedish linguistic culture. Material for the study consists of expressions extracted from phraseological dictionaries of Swedish language; texts from Swedish literature and journalism, including the analyzed lexical units; the results of a survey of native speakers of the Swedish language, as well as data of the dictionaries of sustainable similes of the Russian language. Analysis of the Swedish phraseology is made against the corresponding fragment of the language picture of the world in Russian linguistic culture. The relevance and novelty of research is caused by absence at the moment of large-scale studies devoted to the analysis of Swedish stable similes in linguistic and cultural aspect, as well as the lack of the dictionary of Swedish stable similes and Russian-Swedish dictionary of stable similes. In the result of the analysis it can be stated that the ideographic field of stable similes of the Swedish language is significantly different in composition from the corresponding field in the Russian language. The linguistic facts of only three ideographic groups in this field have full or partial Russian equivalents. Units of other groups of considered field require detailed linguistic and cultural, and in some cases historical and etymological review when submitting them to the Russian-speaking audience.

Русские переводные соответствия польских обращений, выраженных терминами родства

The article shows the Russian equivalents of the Polish forms of address expressed by the relationship words extracted from the contemporary Polish prose and its translation into Russian. Taking into account the gathered material it can be concluded that the relationship words usually have the form of the vocative case, which is replaced by the nominative case in Russian. The majority of the compiled examples constitute the diminutive forms, conveying speaker’s positive attitude towards the recipient of their utterance.

Rosyjskie ekwiwalenty przekładowe performatywu dziękuję – The Russian equivalents of the Polish lexeme ‘dziękuję’

Artykuł pokazuje rosyjskie ekwiwalenty performatywu dziękuję. Przykłady zostały wyekscerpowane z tekstów współczesnej polskiej prozy i jej przekładów na język rosyjski. W większości przypadków wystąpił słownikowy odpowiednik спасибо.

Access «in fog»

The author argues, by the example of the Eglish-language expression Open Access , that foreign terminology has to be translated in accordance with the standards of the Russian language and substantiates why the term Open Access should be translated with the Russian equivalent of “free acess”.

Open Access = <i>free</i> (!) access

The author argues, by the example of the Eglish-language expression Open Access , that foreign terminology has to be translated in accordance with the standards of the Russian language and substantiates why the term Open Access should be translated with the Russian equivalent of “free acess”.

Россия – Германия: повышение конкурентоспособности российской и германской экономик. Сотрудничество в рамках концепции «индустрия 4.0» (обзор «Круглого стола» на Петербургском международном экономическом форуме – 2016)

The paper is based on report from the round table (17 June 2016, S.-Petersburg, Expocenter) on the Petersburg World Economic Forum 2016. This event is important for understanding the deeper turn of the state policy of the Russian Federation to the development of high-tech industrial sectors, in particular, to realize the need to create a Russian equivalent of German Industry 4.0 program and the “new turn to the West” in postsanctions era

New international standard for dependability

In 2015 International Electrotechnical Commission adopted a new international standard IEC 60050-192 that specifies the main terms in the field of dependability with their definitions. It was developed by IEC/TC 56 “Dependability" under control of TC 1 “Terminology" and forms Part 192 of International electrotechnical vocabulary. This standard substituted the previous similar standard IEC 60050-191 adopted in 1990. This article is dedicated to IEC 60050-192, acquaintance with which is required for all specialists in the field of dependability. The new standard is compared with the previous IEC 60050-191, and with the similar Russian GOST 27.002-89. In comparison with IEC 60050-191 the new standard contains the modified content and scope, with exclusion of the sections containing the terms related to the quality of services of telecommunication and electric power systems. Based on that, IEC 60050-192 is entitled just with one word “Dependability". Therefore, now it totally corresponds to its status of a horizontal (i.e. inter-industrial, basic) standard. Terminology in the field of dependability is given in respect to a technical item, with analysis of the definitions of this notion, probable structure of the item and the number of terms specifying the types of items. IEC 60050-192 gives a new definition for “dependability": the ability of an item to perform as and when required. This definition was discussed actively, among the IEC experts who took part in the standard development, and among Russian specialists as well. The cluster of features of dependability has also changed: availability, reliability, recoverability, maintainability and maintenance support performance, and in some cases durability, safety and security. A new notion here is “recoverability” defined as ability of an item to recover from a failure, without corrective maintenance. This paper describes the standard's sections dedicated to an item's states and time notions, failures and faults, maintenance and repair, dependability indices, testing, design or engineering, analysis and improvement of dependability. It introduces and explains the most important terms, specifies new terms that were added to the standard, and those excluded from it. The article pays attention to the fact that certain terms have no adequate Russian equivalents. Though the Russian and international dependability terminologies have much in common, there are still significant differences between them. It is explained by the fact that the standardization of dependability terminology in our country that started half a century ago developed for a long time in isolation form similar work world-wide. Due to such differences the creation of a new GOST to be harmonized with IEC 60050-192 is currently not possible. But nevertheless it is necessary to seek to a maximum possible convergence of the Russian and international terminologies.

Are scientists a workforce? - Or, how Dr. Frankenstein made biomedical research sick: A proposed plan to rescue US biomedical research from its current 'malaise' will not be effective as it misdiagnoses the root cause of the disease.

Are scientists a workforce? - Or, how Dr. Frankenstein made biomedical research sick: A proposed plan to rescue US biomedical research from its current 'malaise' will not be effective as it misdiagnoses the root cause of the disease.

Nationalities, Histories, Rhetorics: Real/Reel Representations of the Holocaust and Holocaust Trials and a Poethics of Film and Law

This article examines the general trajectory of the role film has played in relation to evolving historical and legal narratives of the Holocaust, a complex historical arc relative to other forms of representation of the Holocaust. The article begins by analyzing an American documentary film, Nazi Concentration Camps (1945), which functioned as a ‘self-evident’ witness during the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal. The article then assesses American docudramatic depiction, which embedded documentary footage into fictional rendition, as in Stanley Kramer's Judgment at Nuremberg (1961). From there, the article turns to analyzing Film Documents of Atrocities Committed by the German-Fascist Invaders (Kinodukumenty o zver-stvack nemetsko-fashistskikh zakhvatchikov; hereinafter Film Documents of Atrocities) (1945), the Russian equivalent of Nazi Concentration Camps, and its contemporaries. Finally, the article turns to comparatively examining Sud Naradov, hereinafter The Judgment of the Nations (1946), the Russian feature film about the Nuremberg Trial. The historical evolution of representations of the Holocaust and Holocaust trials is important because these form part of the rhetoric of the ‘spectacular’ and ‘educational', especially within the context of World War II. This article is initially genealogical and deconstructive, analyzing the mechanics of film (as ‘language’ and rhetoric) as it depicts the ‘real’/’reel’ within differing national contexts (American and Russian), but the article also ultimately raises the possibility of a ‘poethics’ (to borrow and adapt Richard Weisberg's term) of production and reception in relation to the evolution of representations of the Holocaust and Holocaust trials. Ultimately, the article affirms the educational value of such representations, provided their audiences engage in a critical ethics of reception.

Перфектная семантика в русском языке и семантика перфекта в испанском

Elena Gorbova: Perfect Semantics in Russian and the Semantics of the Perfect in Spanish.The paper deals with the semantics of the Spanish perfect and its translation equivalents in Russian, employing data from parallel corpora. The analysis is performed against the background of typological views on the perfect as a cross-linguistic category. Along with the Spanish perfect, the semantics of its translation equivalents in Russian such as preterite finite forms (otkryl, napisal) and short-form passive participle constructions – (bylo) otkryto, napisano – are discussed as well.The analysis shows that Russian does not show any strong correlation between the perfect meaning on the whole and the use of perfective and imperfective aspects, although there is a strong tendency to express the experiential variant by the imperfective aspect. The perfect meaning is thus shared between the perfective and imperfective aspect clusters, and the general semantics of the perfect is best described as “current relevance.”

Agricultural terminology in Russian language on the Institute of field and vegetable crops example

Contemporary science demands that scientists are following domestic and foreign scientific and technical achievements through conference attendances and scientific and professional literature. Agricultural science is based on practical data, field experiments, but nevertheless it is essential to be up to date with the work of foreign researchers, scientific centers and institutions through their publications. The aim of this paper was to present a part of the agricultural lexicon (with the accent on the plant species names), as well as the general scientific and organizational terms with the equivalents in Russian - Serbian and Serbian - Russian, which is of the great importance in activities of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, presented through perennial practices of translation. Those terms are recognized as important and frequent, without wishing to go into professional divisions in agriculture as science. This paper is dedicated to the scientists who posses basic linguistic knowledge of Russian language and are starting to use Russian scientific and professional literature in agriculture, as well as students of Russian language for the purpose of establishing and widening linguistic fund.

Analiza pragmatyczna leksemu "właśnie" i jego odpowiedników w języku rosyjskim i angielskim

Analiza pragmatyczna leksemu "właśnie" i jego odpowiedników w języku rosyjskim i angielskim

THE AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE NOTION “TOLERANCE”

The conception of tolerance in philosophy and linguistics is considered in the article. The article shows the philosophical and sociopolitical nature of the notion “tolerance” together with a special stress on the usage peculiarities of the word “tolerance” in the Russian language. The place of tolerance in the system of values is studied and also its place in the theory of cultural dialogue is defined. There has lately been a discussion among Russian researchers about the phenomenon under consideration - that of tolerance – and its top-importance. The whole terminology ,connected with the problems of tolerance, as well as the very word “tolerance”, are borrowed from English. The analysis of the usage of the Russian equivalents for the term “tolerance” is carried out with the help of the materials devoted to the problems of tolerance. Moreover, an attempt is made to define the status of tolerance as a value of modern society because contemporary philosophy considers tolerance to be one of the fundamental values of the present. As the interaction of cultures is basically a dialogue a modern human being has to overcome stereotypes and become tolerant to realize and appreciate other cultures. Modern society needs some new communication methods based on the respect for different cultures.

Presenting me! An examination of self-presentation in US and Russian online social networks

The head–body ratio of 716 profile pictures and user-provided information on the US online social networking site Facebook (423) and VKontakte (293), the Russian equivalent of Facebook, were analyzed to test differences in facial prominence in profile photos posted on Facebook. The social psychology theory of face-ism was used to measure the head–body ratio of men and women. Results show significant differences in how Russian women present themselves in contrast to US women, significant differences in the mean face-ism indexes between men and women of the two countries, and a significant difference in the number of reported friends between Russian and US men and women. All of these factors potentially point toward the societal differences between the two countries, which have manifested themselves in completely different uses of a virtually identical medium.

The first steps in developing machine translation of patents

The TSNIIPI MT experimental system, developed in 1963–1966, was focused on the translation of publications of the US weekly “Official Gazette, specifically the first paragraphs of patent claims. These claims are characterized by an abundance of difficult to grasp multicomponent terminological combinations and by a specific syntactic structure of unusually long sentences containing up to several hundred words. The system's algorithm performed the segmentation of the English text, and the identification and structural analysis of multicomponent word groups necessary to synthesize the corresponding Russian equivalents.

NOWA JAKOŚĆ SŁOWA. LEMOWE NEOLOGIZMY W ROSYJSKIEJ SZACIE

The following article provides a comparison between selected neologisms used by S. Lem and their Russian equivalents. The analysis presents lexical units which during the translation process have acquired „a new value of meaning” and, as a result, they have assumed a meaning that is different from the original. The deliberations are accompanied by the discussion on the reasons for these transformations.